Biology Test 1

Of the following pH values, which indicates the most basic pH?

10

Which of the following is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction

ATP

For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis?

All of the above. (for making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant. for cellular respiration to produce ATP, for storage)

______ reactions use energy to build complex molecules

Anabolic

Which processes scan be carried out by producers?

Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Which of the following statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is accurate?

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require electron transport chains.

What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Which of the following combinations of atoms would form ionic bonds?

Na+ and Cl-

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants?

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants.

Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall?

The green chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

Which of the following statements is true?

The scientific method can help people make informed medical and environmental decisions.

What characteristic is not shared by all living organisms

They make their own energy

Imagine examining a cell using a light microscope; a prokaryote could be distinguished from a eukaryote by the absence of

a nucleus

A proton has ____ charge.

a positive

Ribosomes are very small nonmembranous organelles associated with the synthesis of

a protein

Homeostasis is the ability to detect and correct disturbances that develop within an organism; which of the following illustrates homeostasis

all of the above (hunger, thirst, perspiration)

Nucleotides

are the building blocks of nucleic acids

The smallest unit of a chemical element that displays the properties of that element is an

atom

The basic unit of life is the

cell

Living cells are separated from the outside environment by a flexible

cell membrane

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the biological hierarchy of a multicellular organism

cells->tissues->organs->individual

Active transport requires

cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP

During the process of photosynthesis, plants capture the kinetic energy of moving photons and transform it into potential energy in the form of

chemical bonds

When looking through a light microscope at a plant leaf, you notice small green organelles moving around in the cytoplasm of every cell. What organelle are you seeing?

chloroplasts

One of the major functions of the plasma membrane is to

control what enters and leaves a cell

ATP is a universal fuel for living organisms. The energy that ATP molecules deliver in chemical reactions is stored in

covalent bonds between the molecule's phosphate groups

Passive carrier proteins

create tunnels in the plasma membrane for specific solutes to diffuse through

Glycolysis occurs in the _____ of a cell

cytosol

When ATP is broken down,

energy is released and can power cellular activities

You observe a cell in a solution swelling until it bursts. You have seen instance of osmosis in a

hypotonic solution

Electrons are found

in one or more shells that surround the atom's nucleus

AS a biological process, osmosis

is a type of passive transport

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartments are manufactured

A given enzyme

lowers the activation energy of a particular reaction

Developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by

making an observation

Your muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of your body. Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells?

mitochondria

What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?

none, animals don't have chloroplasts

A spherical rock rests at the top of a steep hill. The rock has

potential energy

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, which is a type of

potential energy

A molecule composed of amino acids is a

protein

Enzymes are a special class of

proteins

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions

require no oxygen.

The Golgi apparatus

sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination

Which of the following is not a role of fatty acids in living organisms?

storage of genetic information

The burning pain in your muscles during strenuous exercise is a result of

the buildup of lactic acid during fermentation