Biology Test 2 Metabolic Pathways

The final net products of glycolysis are ________.

2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH

Chemiosmosis is used to generate ________ of the ATP from aerobic glucose catabolism.

90 percent

Energy is released by the removal of the terminal phosphate group of ________.

ATP

________ are more stable and efficient stores for chemical energy.

Carbohydrates

________ is used to generate 90 percent of the ATP from aerobic glucose catabolism.

Chemiosmosis

________ give up an electron as a part of the light-dependent reactions.

Chlorophylls

Choose the statements below that match the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

Which of the following is a property of exergonic reactions?

Exergonic reactions release free energy

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis generate ________ and ________ to carry solar energy.

NADPH; ATP

________ is the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.

Phosphorylation

Which of the below results from photosynthesis?

Simple sugars

Which of the reactions below is an anabolic one?

Synthesizing DNA

________ reactions of photosynthesis generate NADPH and ATP to carry solar energy.

The light-dependent

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

a parked car in a hot garage

Energy is stored in an AMP molecule through ________.

addition of phosphate groups

The key enzyme that generates ethanol during fermentation is ________.

alcohol dehydrogenase

The two main types of anaerobic cellular respiration are lactic acid fermentation and ________.

alcohol fermentation

What type of reaction will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy?

an endergonic reaction

Select the metabolic pathways in use by humans.

cellular respiration & fermentation

Photosynthesis occurs inside the ________ of plants.

chloroplast

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a(n) ________ method of phosphorylation.

direct

All types of fermentation are necessary to ________.

ensure an adequate supply of NAD+ is regenerated

A(n) ________ speeds up a reaction, while largely remaining unchanged itself.

enzyme

The catabolism of ________ produces the same number of ATP molecules as glucose.

galactose

The final net products of ________ are 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH.

glycolysis

The main purpose of ________ is to release free energy.

hydrolysis of ATP

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the randomness of the universe ________.

is constantly increasing

Lactic acid generated by fermentation in muscles ________.

is sent to the liver for conversion back into pyruvic acid

Part of the light-independent reactions is known as fixation because ________.

it converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates

Energy associated with objects in motion is called ________.

kinetic energy

Triglyceride is a ________ that is connected to the glucose pathways.

lipid

A yellow wavelength of light will have a(n) ________ wavelength compared to a blue wavelength of light.

longer

In an enzyme-mediated reaction, the activation energy will be ________ the activation energy required for a reaction without an enzyme.

lower than

In eukaryotes, cellular respiration occurs in ________.

mitochondria

A multicellular organism is a(n) ________ system because ________.

open; it exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings

A single-celled organism is a(n) ________ system because ________.

open; it exchanges energy with its surroundings

The only part of cellular respiration that directly consumes ________ is the electron transport chain.

oxygen

The ________ a wavelength of light, the more energy it carries.

shorter

Which type of cells will perform lactic acid fermentation when they have insufficient oxygen?

skeleton muscles

Carbohydrates are ________ for chemical energy.

stable and efficient stores

The most direct method of phosphorylation is ________ phosphorylation.

substrate-level

Identify the anabolic reaction.

synthesizing a complex molecule

According to ________, energy is constantly required to keep entropy low.

the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Each turn of ________ directly produces 3 NADH and 1 FADH2.

the citric acid cycle

During ________ of glycolysis, energy is required to split a six-carbon sugar.

the first half of glycolysis

"Burning off" excess weight from Christmas cookies is an example of ________.

the first law of thermodynamics

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in ________.

the inner membrane of mitochondria

Fixation, reduction, and regeneration are the three steps of what process?

the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

The citric acid cycle occurs in ________.

the matrix of mitochondria

Chemiosmosis involves ________.

the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

the rapid movement of molecules in the air

The overall reaction for photosynthesis is ________.

the reverse of cellular respiration

The catabolism of galactose produces ________ ATP molecules compared to glucose.

the same number of

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, ________.

the total amount of energy in the universe is constant

In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate from glycolysis is ________.

transformed to acetyl-CoA and delivered to the citric acid cycle

It takes ________ turns of the citric acid cycle to process one glucose molecule.

two