Biology Unit 2 Review

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both ____; but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, _________

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

What is a cell not able to do if it does not have receptor proteins?

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

Molecules move from higher to lower concentration through a transport protein in

facilitated diffusion

The USDA recommends which type of food should compose the smallest percentage of our diet

fats and oils

Regulation of the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions usually requires

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell?

feedback inhibition

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in a _____ environment.

hypertonic

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

what organelle would help assist in the loss of the tail during the metamorphosis of a tadpole into a frog?

lysosomes

Lipids

may be used to make certain hormones and vitamin D.

Correct organelle to its function

mitochondrion - cell respiration

which source of protein does not contain the nine essential amino acids?

nuts

The plasma membrane blocks the passage of most molecules, therefore it is necessary for many molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins

Junction proteins do not

permit cells to recognize one another

difference in cellular structure between plants and animals

plants have a cell wall

Which organelle is not correctly paired to its function?

plasma membrane- provides strength to plant cell walls

what structure allows plant cells to communicate with each other?

plasmodesmata

empty calorie food

potato chips

mitochondria's main purpose

produce ATP

in order to know how many calories you will ingest, it is important to know total number of calories and

serving size

what is a possible outcome if certain tissues did not have tight junctions?

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Foods derived from animals typically contain ____ while foods derived from plants typically contain ____

Saturated fats; unsaturated fats

Carbohydrates

are converted to glucose for transport in the blood.

1 g of protein = how many calories

4 cal

Which meal plan is in the closest accordance of the USDA guide lines?

6 oz grains, 2.5 cups veggies, 2 cups of fruit, 3 cups of milk

Which of the following molecules would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

ATP

statement that accurately compares plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Which molecule would be able to pass freely through a plasma membrane?

CO2

Energy needs are supplied by

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion

Carbon Dioxide

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypnotic solution?

Cell wall

Because it is a passive process, which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

Diffusion

Entropy is best described as

Disorder

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundred of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

What happens to your body when you are exercising on a hot and are not hydrating?

Your body is dehydrated and your core body temp is increasing

When a cell is in the solution where the concentration of solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called

Isotonic.

Which of the following minerals is INCORRECTLY matched with its source?

Zinc - Fruit

When a potted plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be account for by which statement:

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

True

The hydrophilic portion of a plasma membrane faces the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

True

The best definition of a nutrient is

a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.

the end-membrane system does not

act as the control center of the cell

Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient?

active transport

Which of the following examples does NOT describe kinetic energy?

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

What is the function of the nucleolus

codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells have these characteristics in common

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

Bleeding gums and easy bruising of skin is a symptom of a

deficiency disorder involving vitamin C.

best device to view the surface of a single celled organism

electron microscope

Metabolic pathways are known for all of the following EXCEPT

enzymes to help raise the energy of activation.

If a person increases his food intake without increasing his energy need for metabolic functions or processing, what will he need to do in order to maintain his weight

increase physical activity

Which of the following minerals is INCORRECTLY matched with its function in the body?

iron - bone growth

Which is the function of a chloroplast?

it converts light energy into chemical energy.

Which of the following is NOT part of a plan to maintain a healthy weight

less calorie output then input

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

smooth ER- storage of water

The size of a cell is limited because of ______ which is critical to a cell's function.

surface area to volume ratio

"essential" nutrients describe nutrients that

the body does not produce

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution

the cells will shrink due to water loss by the cell.

What do Eukaryotic cells use to move their organelles?

the cytoskeleton

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the enzyme of the first reaction

Receptor proteins

transmits information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

Active transport

What is ATP not made of

ATP is not comprised of a sugar, base and two phosphate groups.

Example of osmosis

Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine.

Osmosis includes

both the diffusion of water and a semi-permeable membrane.

fiber is a type of _____ provided by _____

carbohydrate, plants

Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include all of the following EXCEPT

color.

Characteristic of a prokaryotic cell is that it

does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell.

Adult females need more iron in their diet than males because women

lose hemoglobin during menstruation.

Lowering sodium intake in diet

use spices instead of salt to flavor food when cooking.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute protein to the diet

vegetable oil

Regulation of metabolic activities activities typically involves

vitamins

Micronutrients

vitamins and minerals