Biology Unit test

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding fermentation?

Fermentation is an aerobic process

Energy from food, such as glucose, must be transformed into the form of _________ before it can be used by cells.

ATP

Which other molecule is created in this process?

ATP

If a cell needs to spend energy, an ADP molecule is created. What has occurred that allows this ADP molecule to exist?

ATP loses a phosphate

In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise. Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?

Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended.

During photosynthesis, different gases move in and out of plant cells. Which phrase best represents the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out .

Suppose the green plants in this food web contains 23,333 kCal of energy. How much energy will the secondary consumer receive?

233.3 kCal

A large decrease in the rabbit population would most likely cause which of the following?

The green plant population would increase, while the fox population would decrease.

The ultimate/original source of all energy is from

the sun

During the light-dependent reactions, sunlight is absorbed. Where in the chloroplast does this occur?

thylakoid membrane

Using the information provided by the diagram above, what could be represented by the letter B?

water

Diego decides one day to run a marathon without any training. After ten minutes has elapsed and Diego has run half a mile, he begins to feel pain in his thighs. He is also breathing very rapidly. What is causing the pain in Diego's legs?

Lactic acid build-up in his muscles due to lack of oxygen to his cells is causing the pain.

According to the law of conservation of matter, matter is not created or destroyed. Yet, in an energy pyramid, the amount of biomass decreases as we move up the pyramid. Why?

Matter changes to other forms, like heat energy, that might not continue to be a part of the same food chain.

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.

The process of photosynthesis can be represented by the equation:

light + CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

All of these are steps in cellular respiration except:

light-independent reactions

Respiration involves the breakdown of sugar. This process results in the production of energy for the cell. In order for cells to produce the MOST energy, what gas should be present?

oxygen

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is pictured above. Using the information provided by this diagram, what could be represented by the letter A?

oxygen

Which of these word formulas for cellular respiration is correct?

oxygen + sugar → energy + carbon dioxide + water

Ultimately photosynthesis produces the sugar glucose. Glucose is made during the second step of photosynthesis which takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts. This second step of photosynthesis that produces glucose is called:

the light-independent reactions

This organelle produces energy for cells by undergoing the process of cellular respiration, which creates ATP.

the mitochondria

What is the name of a stack of thylakoids, which is pictured in the image below?

grana

Which food chain arranges components of this food web according to energy flow?

green plants 🡪 butterfly 🡪 frog 🡪 fox

Why is the presence of chlorophyll in plants important?

It is a pigment that absorbs solar energy.

Which of following statements would be correct regarding the diagram above?

The products of photosynthesis are used in cellular respiration.

Which of the following can be said about the ecosystem that this food web represents?

There are more butterflies than foxes.

Which of these organisms does NOT do photosynthesis?

animals

Which organisms complete cellular respiration?

both plants and animals

The process of cellular respiration:

breaks down food molecules to release stored energy

The ATP molecule is the universal energy source for cellular activities. Which of these processes is used to break down glucose into ATP that is usable by the cell?

cellular respiration

Which plant cell organelle uses light energy to produce sugar in the process of photosynthesis?

chloroplast

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration yields a net gain of ATP molecules to be used as energy for living things. The step of cellular respiration that produces the highest number of ATP is _______________.

electron transport chain

Which step of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm?

glycolysis