Biology106 Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

All living organisms require an input of energy. True or false

True

True or false: Evolution is a unifying concept in biology.

True

Ideally, control and experimental groups should differ in how many variables 1 2 0 3

1

Which of the following organisms are unicellular? Animals Plants Bacteria

Bacteria

Which of the following ideas existed prior to Charles Darwin? How genes control traits Natural selection Evolution How genes replicate

Evolution

True or false: Biological evolution refers to any changes that take place in an organism during its lifetime.

False

___ are short segments of a DNA molecule that govern the characteristics of an organism.

Genes

If your experimental results do not support your hypothesis, then what should become of the hypothesis? It should be tested again using a different prediction. It should be accepted. It should be modified or rejected.

It should be modified or rejected.

All of the organisms on Earth together with their physical environment comprise the ___.

biosphere

As a general principle, monocots have flower parts in groups of three. An apple blossom has five petals (a petal is a part of the flower). Based on this, we can conclude that an apple tree is not a monocot. The previous statements illustrate which of the following? Algorithmic reasoning Inverse reasoning Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning

deductive

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and algae use energy from the sun to synthesize which of the following? Mineral nutrients Water and heat Organic molecules

Organic molecules

Which of the following are not characteristics shared by all living organisms? Energy use and metabolism Cellular organization Development and evolution Regulation and homeostasis Photosynthesis and multicellularity

Photosynthesis and multicellularity

In "An Essay on the Principle of Population," Thomas Malthus concluded which of the following? The available food supply tends to increase much faster than population size Increasing population size tends to reduce the available food supply The best adapted individuals tend to survive and pass their genes on to the next generation Population size tends to increase much faster than the available food supply

Population size tends to increase much faster than the available food supply

A student examines 30 honey bees and observes that each one has 4 wings. Based on these observations, she hypothesizes that all honey bees have 4 wings. What type of reasoning did she use?

inductive

Student examines 55 monarch butterflies and observes that each one has 4 wings. Using ____ reasoning, and based on these observations, she hypothesizes that all monarch butterflies have 4 wings.

inductive

Members of the domain Bacteria are eukaryotic and multicellular prokaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic and unicellular prokaryotic and unicellular

prokaryotic and unicellular

Arrange the following steps of the scientific method in the correct order (starting at the top). Observations of the natural world are made A hypothesis is made Hypothesis is supported or rejected Experiments are conducted

1 Observations of the natural world are made 2 A hypothesis is made 3 Experiments are conducted 4 Hypothesis is supported or rejected

Rank the following hierarchical levels of organization from smallest (at the top) to largest (at the bottom). species community population ecosystem biosphere organism

1 organism 2 population 3 species 4 community 5 ecosystem 6 biosphere

Which of the following can be said to be required by all organisms in order to maintain their non-equilibrium stable state? A constant supply of proteins A constant supply of energy A constant supply of inorganic carbon A constant supply of light

A constant supply of energy

Which of the following describes a hypothesis? Any information we collect about the physical universe using our senses Tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon An explanation that has been proven correct A general principle that is derived from hundreds of observations and experiments

A tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon

You examine 30 adult house flies and observe that each one has 6 legs. Based on these observations alone, which of the following would be a scientific hypothesis contracted using inductive reasoning? All adult house flies have 6 legs. If you look at 30 more house flies, each will have 6 legs. All of the adult house flies that you have examined have 6 legs.

All adult house flies have 6 legs.

The principles of the cell theory include which of the following? (check all that apply) All cells come from preexisting cells. Cells are more complex than molecules. All cells use RNA as their genetic material. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

All cells come from preexisting cells. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

You look at 50 human cells that come from different tissue types and observe that each one contains DNA. Based on these observations alone, which of the following would be a valid hypothesis? All human cells contain DNA. All of the human cells that you tested contain DNA. If you test 50 more human cells each on will contain DNA, regardless of the tissue they come from.

All human cells contain DNA.

Which of the following would be an example of an ecosystem? The soil, water, and rocks in a desert together with the atmospheric conditions All of the organisms living in a lake together with their physical environment The microorganisms living inside your stomach All of the organisms living in a lake together with the organism that feed on them

All of the organisms living in a lake together with their physical environment

Which of the following is NOT part of the theory of natural selection? All variation among the members of a population must be inherited Some individuals have traits that increase their chance of survival and reproduction There is genetic variation among the members of a population Not all of the offspring produced in a populations survives long enough to reproduce

All variation among the members of a population must be inherited

Organisms are groups into the following domains: ___ , ___ , and ___. Please spell words correctly, and follow conventions regarding capitalization. Do not use all caps to spell your answers.

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

___ is the scientific study of living things.

Biology

Genes govern the characteristics of an organism. Each gene is a short segment of a(n) DNA molecule enzyme molecule lipid molecule protein molecule

DNA molecule

Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms? Population Tissue Cell Organ

Cell

The information stored in ___ molecules is used to direct the synthesis of cellular components.

DNA

Population size for most species remains fairly constant year after year due to which of the following? (choose all that apply) On average, each adult in the population produces only one offspring All offspring have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing Death limits population numbers Only a limited number of offspring survive and reproduce

Death limits population numbers Only a limited number of offspring survive and reproduce

As complex structures are assembled from simpler subunits, which of the following may develop? Emergent properties Creation of energy Evolutionary conservation Less organization

Emergent properties

Which of the following domains does not contain prokaryotic microorganisms? Eukarya Bacteria Archaea

Eukarya

True or false: If the results of several experiments agree with your prediction, you can conclude that your hypothesis is definitely correct.

False

True or false: In science, a theory refers to a tentative idea or educated guess that is supported by very little, if any, evidence.

False

What type of information cal cells process? Info stored in DNA and from the external environment Info stored in their membranes and enzymes Info stored in DNA and enzymes Info stored in their proteins and from the internal environment

Info stored in DNA and from the external environment

Which of the following best describes the theory of evolution? It is supported by very little evidence. It is a theory supported by overwhelming scientific evidence. It is not supported by any more evidence than other explanations about how new species originated on our planet. It is an educated guess about how new species originated on our planet.

It is a theory supported by overwhelming scientific evidence.

Natural selection can best be described as which of the following? The result or outcome of evolution One mechanism that causes evolution A theory to explain how heredity works The only mechanism that causes evolution

One mechanism that causes evolution

Biology is defined as the scientific study of which of the following? Ecosystems Life Animals Natural laws

Life

_____ _____ is the process whereby organisms that are better adapted tend to survive and produce more fertile offspring

Natural Selection

Which of the following terms cannot be used to describe plants? Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Multicellular Photosynthetic

Prokaryotic

Plants, algae, and certain microbes harness what kind of energy to produce their own nutrients using photosynthesis? Mechanical Heat Chemical Radiant

Radiant

Which of the following are examples of homeostasis? Check all that apply. Regulating the pH of blood Listening to the sound of a bumble bee Maintaining a constant temperature Regulating the amount of blood glucose Smelling a rose

Regulating the pH of blood Maintaining a constant temperature Regulating the amount of blood glucose

During the past 2 years, you had 4 colds while your roommate had none. During the same period, your roommate took a daily multivitamin pill while you took no multivitamin pills. Based only on these observations, which would be valid hypotheses (choose all that apply and remember, a hypothesis is simply a tentative explanation of an observation): Taking a daily multivitamin reduced the chance of getting a cold. During the past 2 years, I had more colds than my roommate. People who take a daily multivitamin do not get colds. If I take a daily multivitamin, I won't have any colds during the next 2 years.

Taking a daily multivitamin reduced the chance of getting a cold. People who take a daily multivitamin do not get colds.

Which of the following is an example of a scientific hypothesis? The genetic information for all living organisms is stored in DNA. A molecule is a unit composed of 2 or more atoms joined by chemical bonds. Scientists have sequences the human genome and are in the process of sequencing the genomes of other species. Some organisms are composed of single cells.

The genetic information for all living organisms is stored in DNA.

You cary out an experiment (assume the experiment was properly designed and performed) to test a hypothesis and the results of the experiment do NOT agree with your prediction. What should be the next step regarding this hypothesis? The hypothesis is still valid; however, the predictions of the hypothesis should be modified. The hypothesis is still valid; however the control experiment should be modified to fit predictions better. The hypothesis should be rejected or modified.

The hypothesis should be rejected or modified.

A biologist finds out that the fruit fly, Drosophila, makes a protein in its eyes that has a very similar structure when compared to a human protein that was just discovered in the newly sequenced human genome. The biologist concludes that the human protein might be important for the proper development and working of the human eye. Which unifying heme in biology is illustrated in this example? All organisms are made up of one or more cells The information that specifies what a cell or an organism will look like is encoded in their DNA. There is a fundamental relationship between structure and function in all biological systems.

There is a fundamental relationship between structure and function in all biological systems.

Which of the following are the factors or conditions that a scientist manipulates in order to set up an experiment Placebos Controls Variables Predictions

Variables

Of the following statements about hypotheses, which are TRUE(choose all that apply)? Once stated, a hypothesis cannot be modified. When scientists accept a hypothesis that means it is in agreement with all the available evidence. An accepted hypothesis may be false. A hypothesis can be disproved, but it cannot be proved correct. When scientists accept a hypothesis that means they have decided it is definitely true.

When scientists accept a hypothesis that means it is in agreement with all the available evidence. An accepted hypothesis may be false. A hypothesis can be disproved, but it cannot be proved correct.

Which of the following statements about hypotheses are TRUE? (choose all that apply) When scientists accept a hypothesis that means they have decided it is true. A hypothesis is accepted as long as at least one of the predictions made based on it have been tested and support it. When scientists accept a hypothesis, that means all the available evidence supports it. An accepted hypothesis may eventually be rejected as new data become available. An accepted hypothesis is a tentative idea, meaning it may or may not be true.

When scientists accept a hypothesis, that means all the available evidence supports it. An accepted hypothesis may eventually be rejected as new data become available. An accepted hypothesis is a tentative idea, meaning it may or may not be true.

If the results of your experiment agree with your prediction, you should conclude which of the following? (chooses all that apply) Your hypothesis should be accepted Your hypothesis is probably correct The evidence collected supports your hypothesis Your hypothesis has been proven correct

Your hypothesis should be accepted The evidence collected supports your hypothesis

The modern evolutionary theory is relevant in areas of biology that deal with cells and individual organisms only areas of biology that deal with the organismal, population, and species level only all areas of biology

all areas of biology

Based on the general principle that ice melts above 0 degrees C, a group of students predicts that if they remove an ice cube from the freezer into a warm room, the ice cube will melt. This is an example of ___ reasoning.

deductive

Using a general principle to predict the outcome of a specific situation involved what type of reasoning. deductive inverse algorithmic converse inductive

deductive

You know that as a general principle, mammals have hair and use milk to fee their newborn offspring. Using ___ reasoning, you can predict that an animal without hair is not a mammal

deductive

All cells contain ___ acid as their genetic material. You need to spell out the name of the substance for credit. Do not include the word "acid" in your answer.

deoxyribonucleic

As we look at more and more complex biological systems, we can see that they have novel properties, which result from the way in which their components interact. These novel properties cannot be easily deduced from the nature of the components themselves, and are called system properties hierarchical properties systematic properties emergent properties

emergent properties

The test of a hypothesis is called a(n)

experiment

In the test experiment, one variable is altered in a known way to test a particular hypothesis. At the same time, in the control, the same variable is left unaltered two different variables are altered there are no variables a different variable is altered

the same variable is left unaltered