Biotechnology

Which transgenic organism has been used to clean up oil spills? answer choices a. bacteria b. fungus c. jellyfish d. paramecia

a. bacteria

Which would be the benefit of a transgenic crop? answer choices a. decreased drought tolerance b. decreased disease resistance c. increased resistance to pests d. increased demands for nutrients

c. increased resistance to pests

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis? answer choices a. to make extra copies of chromosomes b. to cut DNA into fragments c. to inject DNA into cells d. to separate DNA fragments by size

d. to separate DNA fragments by size

The illustration below shows the results of gel electrophoresis of 4 different deer species. Which two species of deer are more closely related? answer choices a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 2 and 4

a. 1 and 3

Stem cell research has been a controversial subject in past years. What is the reason for this? answer choices a. Cells for study are often taken from human embryos b. Stem cell techniques will not accomplish the intended purpose c. The cells cannot be isolated d. Replacement tissue will never be grown from a person's own stem cells

a. Cells for study are often taken from human embryos

Four baby girls were born in the same hospital on the same day. There was confusion about the actual girl born to one woman due to a mistake with the identification bands placed on the babies. Using the DNA records of the woman and her husband, the hospital completed a DNA fingerprint of all four baby girls. The diagram shows the results of the agarose gel electrophoresis test. Which girl is the real daughter of the couple? answer choices a. Girl 1 b. Girl 2 c. Girl 3 d. Girl 4

a. Girl 1

How does biotechnology most likely affect North Carolina's population? answer choices a. Jobs are created and attract more people to the area. b. Research advancement causes people in need of medicines to move to the area. c. People are not concerned with biotechnology so the overall population is not impacted. d. The issue causes controversy and people hesitate to live in a state where a large amount of research takes place.

a. Jobs are created and attract more people to the area.

When running different size fragments of DNA through a gel during electrophoresis, which is true about the sizes of the fragments of DNA? answer choices a. Longer fragments of DNA will run slower than shorter fragments of DNA. b. Shorter fragments of DNA will run slower than longer fragments of DNA. c. Fragments must be cut into the same size so that all fragments can be run at the same speed. d. Longer and shorter fragments will run at the same speed.

a. Longer fragments of DNA will run slower than shorter fragments of DNA.

When using gel electrophoresis to analyze samples of DNA, which explanation best describes why some strands of DNA travel farther in the gel than others? answer choices a. Strands of DNA are different sizes, and the smaller strands travel further than larger strands. b. Strands of DNA are different sizes, and the larger strands travel further than smaller strands. c. Strands of DNA have different charges, and the negative strands travel further than positive strands. d. Strands of DNA have different charges, and the positive strands travel further than negative strands.

a. Strands of DNA are different sizes, and the smaller strands travel further than larger strands.

North Carolina has over 400 biotechnology companies. How would the economy most likely change if that number were reduced by half? answer choices a. The economy would decline because of job loss. b. The economy would suffer as funding for research decreases. c. The economy would increase due to an increase in production. d. The economy would improve when the government offers assistance.

a. The economy would decline because of job loss.

Genetic engineering has directly increased productivity in which U.S. industry? answer choices a. agriculture b. automobile c. media d. none of the above

a. agriculture

Dogs are closely related to wolves. To support this statement, what type of testing or experiment would a scientist most likely carry out? answer choices a. compare wolf and dog DNA b. examine their social habits and record similarities c. feed them similar foods and see if they have similar diets d. determine whether a female dog will care for a wolf pup

a. compare wolf and dog DNA

An ecologist discovered a new species of plant growing in a rainforest. She performed gel electrophoresis to compare the DNA extracted from the new species with some other flowering plants to determine relatedness. Which flowering plant(s) is(are) MORE CLOSELY related to the newly discovered species? answer choices a. cosmos b. marigold c. both marigold and daisy d. both daisy and cosmos

a. cosmos

Which are most closely related to biotechnology? answer choices a. medicine and agriculture b. construction and engineering c. water treatment and electricity generation d. communication and information technology

a. medicine and agriculture

Which of the following is a circular piece of DNA from bacteria that can hold a foreign gene? answer choices a. plasmid b. restriction enzyme c. ligase d. protein expression

a. plasmid

Which would be a desirable trait scientists may want to create in a transgenic plant? answer choices a. the ability to resist insects b. the ability to grow less fruit c. the ability to change color in the winter d. the ability to use a lot of water

a. the ability to resist insects

The diagram shows a section of DNA in a cell. How many DNA fragments will be created if the DNA sequence is exposed to a restriction enzyme that cuts double stranded DNA after the sequence CCA? answer choices a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

The way that crimes are solved today was affected by which of the following technologies? answer choices a. gene therapy b. DNA fingerprinting c. genetic testing d. Genetic modification

b. DNA fingerprinting

What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes prior to gel electrophoresis? answer choices a. It allows the scientist to start with a very small sample of DNA. b. It allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing. c. It allows the DNA to be visible on the gel. d. It allows the DNA strands to be charged so the electrical current can send the strands through the gel.

b. It allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing.

The diagram shows the results of DNA electrophoresis for four related species. According to the diagram, the DNA digest of which species contained the smallest piece? answer choices a. Species W b. Species X c. Species Y d. Species Z

b. Species X

Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel away from the negative electrode? answer choices a. The DNA is positively charged. b. The DNA is negatively charged. c. The agarose gel is positively charged. d. The agarose gel is negatively charged.

b. The DNA is negatively charged.

Bacteria cells can be used to produce insulin for the treatment of diabetes in humans. Which best explains how the bacteria cells are able to produce insulin for humans? answer choices a. The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing insulin. b. The bacteria have been genetically engineered to contain the DNA needed to produce insulin. c. The bacteria have been exposed to radioactivity to create mutant strains capable of producing insulin. d. The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing sugar; the bacteria produce insulin in response to the sugar.

b. The bacteria have been genetically engineered to contain the DNA needed to produce insulin.

A human gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterium. Which result will MOST LIKELY occur? answer choices a. The bacteria will destroy the foreign DNA material. b. The bacteria may synthesize human proteins. c. The bacteria will mutate into a more harmful strain. d. The bacteria may begin to form other human genes.

b. The bacteria may synthesize human proteins.

Which is a concern of scientists when genetically modifying plants? answer choices a. Plants will pass on diseases to animals. b. There will be a decrease in biodiversity. c. Plants will have a longer growing season. d. There will be a decrease in revenue for pesticide manufacturers.

b. There will be a decrease in biodiversity.

Animal pharming is becoming more popular as the demand for human proteins and vaccines continues to grow. Animal pharming is the process of using transgenic animals to produce human drugs such as insulin and human growth hormone. Transgenic animals are animals which have been genetically transformed by splicing and inserting foreign genes into their chromosomes. If successful, the inserted gene can enable an animal to make certain proteins in its milk, blood, sperm, or eggs. Which of the following is NOT true about transgenic animals? answer choices a. Transgene DNA may insert itself into the genome in a way that disrupts the animal's normal gene function b. Transgenic animals cannot pass their ability to produce the desired drug to its offspring c. Transgenic animals can produce the desired drug at high levels without endangering its own health d. Transgenic animals can be easily tested for the new gene

b. Transgenic animals cannot pass their ability to produce the desired drug to its offspring

While genetic engineering has positive benefits, there are also concerns associated with widespread use of genetic engineering in agriculture. If many farmers begin to plant more genetically modified crops that have an increased tolerance to insects, which of the following may result? answer choices a. an increase in the use of pesticides b. a decrease in genetic diversity of the crops c. an increase in the contamination of the water supply d. a decrease in crop productivity

b. a decrease in genetic diversity of the crops

Two people believe they are related. Which would be the best technique to determine if they are related? answer choices a. testing blood types b. comparing DNA c. testing for genetic disorders d. examining karyotypes

b. comparing DNA

Which application of biotechnology is of greatest economic benefit to North Carolina? answer choices a. development of livestock that are more domesticated b. development of livestock that produce higher quality meat c. development of crops that can be grown in extremely dry environments d. development of crops that can be grown in extremely low temperatures

b. development of livestock that produce higher quality meat

For what purpose could DNA fingerprinting be used? answer choices a. transforming bacteria b. establishing paternity c. transferring genes between animals d. treating type II diabetes

b. establishing paternity

Which area of biotechnology would most likely create ethical issues within human society? answer choices a. insulin production by bacteria b. organ cloning for use in transplants c. genetic engineering to improve agricultural yields d. DNA and forensic testing of crime scene evidence

b. organ cloning for use in transplants

Which use of biotechnology most benefits North Carolina agriculture? answer choices a. producing human vaccines b. producing disease resistant crops c. producing new medicines from bacteria d. producing enzymes to eliminate pollutants

b. producing disease resistant crops

Which of the following is a protein that acts as DNA scissors? answer choices a. plasmid b. restriction enzyme c. ligase d. protein expression

b. restriction enzyme

What is the difference between the DNA of a dog and the DNA of a fly? answer choices a. the type of sugar building blocks b. the sequence of nucleotides c. the strength of hydrogen bonds d. the strength of covalent bonds

b. the sequence of nucleotides

Which would be reduced as a result of the development of pest-resistant crops? answer choices a. use of organic fertilizers b. use of chemical insecticides c. practice of crop rotation techniques d. practice of hydroponic farming techniques

b. use of chemical insecticides

Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria? answer choices a. A plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell. b. A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA. c. A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. d. A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell.

c. A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid.

Analyze the process illustrated in the diagram. Which outcome would be possible upon completion of the process? answer choices a. Humans would be immune to this kind of bacteria. b. Bacteria would be able to produce human cells. c. Bacteria would be able to produce human proteins. d. Humans would be less susceptible to bacterial infections.

c. Bacteria would be able to produce human proteins.

Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists? answer choices a. gene cloning b. gene therapy c. DNA fingerprinting d. karyotyping

c. DNA fingerprinting

The diagram shows DNA fingerprints of a mother, child, and two other individuals. One individual is the father of the child. Which explanation describes the DNA fingerprint that is MOST LIKELY the child's father? answer choices a. Person 1. Band 6 of his DNA fingerprint matches band 6 of the child. b. Person 1. Band 1 of his DNA fingerprint matches band 1 of both the mother and the child. c. Person 2. Bands 2, 4, and 6 of his DNA fingerprint match those same bands of the child. d. Person 2. Band 6 of his DNA fingerprint matches band 6 of both person 1 and the child.

c. Person 2. Bands 2, 4, and 6 of his DNA fingerprint match those same bands of the child.

An antibiotic which was effective 20 years ago against a specific type of bacterial infection no longer works against the same kind of infection today. Which best explains why the antibiotic is no longer as effective as it was 20 years ago? answer choices a. Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic have killed off nonresistant bacteria. b. Viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria that causes the infection c. Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria. d. The human body has developed an immunity to the antibiotics.

c. Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria.

A sample of DNA was taken from a crime scene and four different suspects. The gel electrophoresis below shows their profiles. Which suspect was most likely at the scene of the crime? answer choices a. Suspect 1 b. Suspect 2 c. Suspect 3 d. Suspect 4

c. Suspect 3

Which is a genetic engineering advancement directly related to a career in biotechnology? answer choices a. improving solar energy collection b. transporting textiles at higher rates c. creating crop foods that resist insect pests d. repairing historical sites with quality materials

c. creating crop foods that resist insect pests

What kind of genetically modified crops would be most successful in wet-tropical countries that are overcrowded? answer choices a. crops that are drought- and pest-resistant b. high-yield crops that do not need a lot of sunshine c. high-yield crops that are pest-resistant d. crops that are drought-resistant and need a lot of sunshine

c. high-yield crops that are pest-resistant

What similarity between a blood sample collected at the site of a robbery and that of a suspect would indicate that the suspect was most likely responsible? answer choices a. if the blood group of the suspect matches the blood group of the sample collected b. if the blood group of the suspect does not match the blood group of the sample collected c. if the DNA fingerprint of the suspect matches the DNA fingerprint of the sample collected d. if the DNA fingerprint of the suspect does not match the DNA fingerprint of the sample collected

c. if the DNA fingerprint of the suspect matches the DNA fingerprint of the sample collected

Personal medical records become more available and more detailed because of biotechnological research. Based on this information, which is a major concern to the public? answer choices a. transmission of more diseases b. an increase in under qualified doctors c. inappropriate use of medical information d. overdiagnosis of certain medical conditions

c. inappropriate use of medical information

Analyze the electrophoresis gel depicting the DNA of 4 suspects (lanes 1-4) and DNA found at a crime scene (lane CS). Which suspect MOST LIKELY committed this crime? answer choices a. suspect 1 b. suspect 2 c. suspect 3 d. suspect 4

c. suspect 3

Gel electrophoresis can be used to analyze DNA. Which best represents a use of this process? answer choices a. to determine if the cell has made a mistake during translation b. to identify the sequence of DNA nitrogenous bases in a sample c. to compare DNA from two different individuals d. to provide the number of chromosomes present in an individual

c. to compare DNA from two different individuals

This diagram shows DNA fingerprints for a child and four adults. Which adult is most likely a parent of the child? answer choices a. Adult 1 b. Adult 2 c. Adult 3 d. Adult 4

d. Adult 4

This diagram shows the DNA fingerprints of a baby and four couples. A hospital wants to identify the parents of a baby. Based on the DNA fingerprints, which couple is most likely the parents of the baby? answer choices a. Couple W b. Couple Z c. Couple Y d. Couple X

d. Couple X

What is the term for the technique performed by using gel electrophoresis to identify an individual using a DNA sample? answer choices a. cloning b. gene therapy c. transformation d. DNA fingerprinting

d. DNA fingerprinting

Which would most likely result in the largest economic benefit to North Carolina? answer choices a. North Carolina partnering with farmers for use of agricultural biotechnology b. North Carolina being a lead consumer state in pharmaceutical manufacturing c. North Carolina making the world's best-trained workforce for biomanufacturing d. North Carolina making a long-standing commitment to biotechnology development

d. North Carolina making a long-standing commitment to biotechnology development

An insecticide kills most of the ants on a plant. Over time, it is determined that the insecticide is not as effective for killing ants. Which statement best explains this observation? answer choices a. The ants killed initially by the insecticide were genetically the same as the surviving ants b. The ants killed initially by the insecticide had thinner cell membranes than the surviving ants c. The ants that survived were younger than those that died as a result of the insecticide. d. The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically different.

d. The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically different.

In what way did gene therapy, the replacement of a faulty gene with a normal one, stimulate medical research? answer choices a. New medications had to be developed and tested b. The effects of viral DNA had to be studied c. The way in which DNA replicates had to be determined d. The genes on each chromosome had to be mapped and described

d. The genes on each chromosome had to be mapped and described

Which specific characteristic of DNA allows geneticists to identify people using DNA fingerprinting? answer choices a. The shape of the DNA molecule is unique to every person. b. The size of each chromosome is unique to every person. c. The number of chromosomes is unique to every person. d. The nucleotide sequence is unique to every person.

d. The nucleotide sequence is unique to every person.

DNA fingerprinting uses restriction enzymes to identify a person or organism based on the pattern of DNA fragments. What is the characteristic that is the basis for DNA fingerprinting studies? answer choices a. DNA is present in all body tissues of an organism. b. All DNA strands can be digested using restriction enzymes. c. The DNA of individuals within a species is exactly the same. d. The pattern of DNA fragments varies from person to person.

d. The pattern of DNA fragments varies from person to person.

The diagram shows the results of gel electrophoresis on a DNA sample that has been exposed to a restriction enzyme. If the sample was loaded into the gel at the end marked "start," which line represents the SMALLEST fragment of DNA? answer choices a. W b. X c. Y d. Z

d. Z

Which is most important when investigating ethical issues in biotechnology? answer choices a. cost of the technology b. advantage of the technology c. public opinion of the technology d. benefits of the technology outweighing the harm

d. benefits of the technology outweighing the harm

Which was most likely the earliest way biotechnology was studied by humans? answer choices a. finding evidence of crimes b. making new medicines to cure sicknesses c. discovering the cause of hereditary diseases d. breeding better varieties of crops and livestock

d. breeding better varieties of crops and livestock

A company that creates hair dye would most likely employ a bio-technician for which job? answer choices a. researching trends b. developing new colors c. creating cost effective packaging d. developing a product that will be safe for consumers

d. developing a product that will be safe for consumers

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results from the body's failure to produce insulin. Patients need to inject a prescribed dose of insulin produced artificially. What would be regarded as the BEST help for such patients? answer choices a. purification of insulin from the pancreas of dead animals b. transplantation of a healthy pancreas from a donor to a patient c. insertion of an insulin-producing gene in the somatic stem cells of patients d. production of genetically-engineered bacteria containing an insulin-producing gene

d. production of genetically-engineered bacteria containing an insulin-producing gene

Gel electrophoresis is a lab technique designed to separate molecules such as DNA, RNA, or proteins based upon what property? answer choices a. number of amino acids b. number of fatty acids c. shape d. size

d. size

Which best describes a controversial issue associated with the use of genetically modified crops? answer choices a. the use of genetically modified crops to increase potential yield b. the short term use of genetically modified crops in famine stricken countries c. the development of genetically modified crops which are resistant to herbicides d. the long term effects which may arise from the use of genetically modified crops

d. the long term effects which may arise from the use of genetically modified crops

What is the function of a restriction enzyme? answer choices a. to control the movement of proteins into a cell b. to regulate blood sugar levels c. to produce hormones that regulate digestion d. to cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

d. to cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms? answer choices a. to create new species of organisms b. to control microorganisms in the soil c. to prevent habitats from being destroyed d. to treat certain types of diseases

d. to treat certain types of diseases

Which technology below would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day? answer choices a. testing parents for genetic disorders before they have children b. engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests c. developing ways to identify criminals through DNA fingerprinting d. using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria

d. using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria

Which would a person who pursues a career in bioinformatics study? answer choices a. ways DNA stores information b. ways of cross-breeding plants c. ways of cross-breeding animals d. ways of storing and retrieving biological data

d. ways of storing and retrieving biological data