BLY 121 Chapter 7

Which of the following is a net product of glycolysis? (Select all that apply.) 2 ATP 2 pyruvate 2 NADH

2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH

Cellular respiration releases energy. In cellular respiration:

the chemical potential energy stored in organic molecules is converted to chemical energy that can be used to do the work of the cell

What is believed to have developed fairly relatively recently in the evolution of cellular life?

the citric acid cycle

In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in:

the cytoplasm

Each round of the citric acid cycle begins when the four-carbon molecule oxaloacetate is converted to the six-carbon molecule citrate. As the cycle progresses, two carbons are eliminated to regenerate the oxaloacetate. The added carbon is supplied by _____ and the two eliminated carbons are released as _____.

Acetyl-CoA; CO2

Which of these reactions summarizes the overall reactions of cellular respiration?7.13 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 H2O → 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2e- 6 CO2 + 6 O2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2--> 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + energy

In the reactions of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, chemical energy is transferred to the bonds in: (Select all that apply.) electron carriers. ATP. fats. All of these choices are correct.

Electron carriers/ATP

You are trying to find the maximum source of energy for an organism. Which of the following compounds would you choose?

Glucose

Following the citric acid cycle but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, most of the energy from the original glucose molecule is found in:

NADH

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated through

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Which one of the following is NOT a product of cellular respiration?

Oxygen

An ATP synthase complex can act in reverse to function as an ATP-dependent proton pump. (True or False)

True

How would you characterize the process of fermentation? (Select all that apply.) a useful process for making glucose a very useful way of deriving energy without oxygen as the amount of ATP made is high a useful process in the production of alcohol a limited way of deriving energy without oxygen as the amount of ATP made is low a useful process in the production of cheese and yogurt a useful process for organisms that were present when there was very little atmospheric oxygen

a useful process in the production of alcohol a limited way of deriving energy without oxygen as the amount of ATP made is low a useful process in the production of cheese and yogurt a useful process for organisms that were present when there was very little atmospheric oxygen

Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions (endergonic and exergonic) by which the cell can obtain ATP. NAD+ plays a crucial role in the reactions of glycolysis by:

accepting electrons from glucose, with the result that glucose is partially oxidized to pyruvate

When fats are used as an energy source, the fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA. That means that fats bypass the reactions of _____ and enter the respiratory pathway at _____.

glycolysis; the citric acid cycle

An organism that carries out cellular respiration in its mitochondria:

may be a cell from a terrestrial (land) plant

Glucose is stored in plants as _____ and in animals as _____.

starch/glycogen