BME 3 Final Study Guide

The loose control approach to managing a patient's diabetes can be characterized by the following:

freedom to eat whatever they choose and a single dose of insulin per day

The HbA1c test measures how much of this molecule is attached to hemoglobin.

glucose

Molecular dynamics simulations show that the structure of proteins

is dynamic; proteins constantly shake and bend.

The fragment of preproinsulin called c-peptide:

is not essential, people can live decades without it.

A black box on a prescription drug label

is used to highlight safety concers.

Engineered E. coli bacteria containing recombinant DNA is not dangerous to humans because:

it is incapable of surviving outside well controlled laboratory environments.

In 1969, Organon applied for a patent on a pregnancy test that could be performed at home. The inventor(s) on the patent were:

just Margaret Crane.

Arnold Beckman invented and sold one of the first integrated

pH meters

From the 1920s through the 1960s, insulin used by patients with diabetes came from which sources:

pigs and cows.

The first home pregnancy test was called:

predictor

Fred Banting developed his idea on how to treat diabetes while he was:

preparing a lecture for medical students

In the 1960's Margaret Crane was working as a :

product packaging designer

Neuropathy in patients with diabetes is caused by:

prolonged high blood glucose levels.

A child who develops diabetes typically loses weight. In 1920, the best treatment for this child would be to:

restrict diet, causing more weight loss

The label of a prescription drug:

summarizes all the scientific information known about the drug.

The quantity known as pH measures

the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Afrezza and Exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. The most notable difference between the two is:

the inhaler for Exubera is much larger than the inhaler for Afrezza.

In the 1960's, the annual supply of insulin was limited by:

the number of cows and pigs slaughtered each year

When recombinant DNA technology was developed in the 1970's, a group of prominent scientists proposed a national ban on it, until:

the risks were better understood.

Several insulin analogs, like Lispro, Aspar, and Glulisine, are produced by Eli Lilly. These insulin analogs differ from normal human insulin by:

they act quicker or slower after injection.

An insulin molecule in circulating in your bloodstream consists of:

two chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds

Today, most insulin in produced in a large factory by which types of organisms:

yeast or bacteria

The University of Toronto licensed a patent on the production of insulin to Eli Lilly. The agreement allowed Eli Lilly to manufacture and sell insulin. In return, Eli Lilly would give the University of Toronto

5% of Eli Lilly's net sales from the insulin

Glucose Oxidase was isolated from:

A fungus

The HbA1c test is named after:

A line of hemoglobin observed on a gel.

Fred Banting died in 1941 from:

A plane crash

What causes pernicious anemia?

A vitamin deficiency

Fred Banting entered medical school:

After dropping out of college

Severe symptoms of hypoglycemia could be confused with:

Alcoholic intoxication

A protein is a chain of

Amino acids

Diabetes (type 1) is caused by

An autoimmune reaction

The birth control drug Nexplanon is usually implanted under the skin of a woman's:

Arm

A complete lack of vitamin A in a person's diet can lead to:

Blindness

In 1920 the company Eli Lilly was known for manufacturing

Capsules for drugs

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial monitored this complication that many diabetes patients suffer:

Damage to the retina's blood vessels

What disease was George Minot diagnosed with when he was 35 years old?

Diabetes

The birth control drug Nexplanon is implanted under the skin. Nexplanon is an example of ________ applied to birth control.

Drug delivery

Classic symptoms of diabetes include:

Excessive urination

An IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) is the committee that decides whether to provide funding for scientists' experiments.

False

Around 1920, the amount of glucose in blood could be measured by an electronic meter.

False

Blood test are only for measuring the number of red blood cells a person has.

False

Charles Evan Hughes, the US Secretary of State in 1920, was diagnosed with diabetes in 1920.

False

Currently, if a scientist wants to experiment on mammals, the scientist's experiment must be approved by a committee that is composed entirely of other scientists.

False

Hypoglycemia can be alleviated by injecting insulin.

False

Professor Dorothy Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1964 for deciphering the structure of insulin using the technique of X-ray crystallography.

False

The drug propanolol has been approved by the FDA for use in treating anxiety.

False

When insulin is injected under the skin it has an immediate effect, lowering blood sugar levels within a few seconds.

False

One of the most common problems people who have lived with diabetes for decades have is with their:

Feet

In 1976, a US city held hearings on the safety of recombinant DNA in research. This city was home to which university:

Harvard

Dick Bernstein was one of the first people to :

Have a home blood glucose meter

George Walden was the engineer at the Eli Lilly in charge of insulin production and purification. George Walden's major contribution was that:

He invented isoelectric precipitation.

Beta carotene is a precursor to Vitamin A. The CARET trial showed that heavy smokers who took a daily 30 mg beta carotene supplement had:

Higher rates of lung cancer than the control group

The Ames Reflective Meter was one of the first:

Home based blood glucose meters

James Collip discovered that if he injected too much insulin into a rabbit it developed convulsions. This effect is known as:

Hypoglycemia

The pancreas is located:

In the middle of the abdomen

Choose the two main functions of the pancreas: (Select 2 of the 4 answers)

It produces and secretes digestive enzymes into the stomach It controls glucose level in the blood stream through the secretion of insulin

Congress passed the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 after an uproar caused by the publication of an article about dog dealers in which magazine?

Life

James Collip needed an assay for the activity of insulin in order to develop a purification method. His assay for insulin activity was based upon:

Measuring the change in blood sugar levels in rabbits

One conclusion from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial was that tight control:

Minimized long term complications

A continuous glucose monitor measures blood glucose approximately once every:

Minute

NPH insulin is a modified form of insulin. The modification results in a longer acting activity. The modification is done by:

Mixing insulin with a protein called protamine

Fred Banting grew up:

On a farm.

Immediately after his one year of surgical residence at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, Fred Banting

Opened his own practice to see patients

During the summer of 1921, Fred Banting performed experiments on dogs. In one group of dogs, he tried to cause the dogs to develop diabetes by removing an organ. Which organ did he remove:

Pancreas

In 1889, Oscar Minkowski removed an organ from a dog. The dog subsequently developed symptoms similar to diabetes patients. What was the organ?

Pancreas

An IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) weighs the scientific benefit of the application versus:

The harm caused to the animals

James Collip, at the University of Toronto, developed a method to isolate insulin based upon

The solubility of insulin in alcohol/water mixtures

The best treatment for diabetes about 1915 was known as:

The starvation diet

Banting's method of isolating insulin involved a surgical procedure to tie off ducts in the pancreas, waiting several weeks, then removing the pancreas.

This method was used to produce insulin for just a few times

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial tested whether this method of treating diabetes was better than what patients had been doing:

Tight control of glucose levels

An IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) must have at least five members. One of these members must be a veterinarian.

True

Insulin that is secreted into your blood contains two chains: the A chain and the B chain.

True

Patients enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial were randomly assigned to be part of the tight control group or the standard group.

True

Fred Banting performed his experiments on dogs at

University of Toronto

This technique reveals the structure of complex molecules:

X-ray crystallography

Off label prescribing is when

a physician prescribes a drug to treat a condition that was NOT approved by the FDA.

If a patient with diabetes was seeing Dr Elliot Joslin during the 1950's, which is more likely to characterize the patient's treatment plan:

a strict diet and multiple injections of insulin each day

The self-orienting millimeter scale applicator (SOMA) is a device that might allow oral delivery of insulin, or an insulin pill. The shape of the SOMA is based on the shape of which animal:

a turtle

Axel Ullrich was the first person to insert the human insulin gene into a bacteria, or clone the insulin gene. He obtained the human insulin gene that he cloned from:

a woman's insulinoma tumor that was surgically removed.

A closed loop system for insulin delivery contains:

an insulin pump and a continuous blood glucose meter.

An insulin pen differs from an insulin pump because

an insulin pump is attached to your body by tubing, but an insulin pen is not.

In 1921, picric acid was used as a

both a common laboratory reagent and an explosive for artillery shells

Afrezza and Exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. These two systems both:

deliver insulin through the lungs.

X-ray crystallography can be used to

determine the three dimensional structure of a protien.

The order of amino acids in a protein produced by your body is

determined by your DNA

Insulin from humans and cows are exactly alike.

false