BMS Exam 1
When an atom of an element contains a different number of neutrons than usual, it is called a nucleotide. (T or F)
False
Humans are related to all other life forms but we share certain characteristics such as body hair with only other invertebrates. (T or F)
Fasle
Energy emissions from radioisotopes are used in medicine to help visualize internal body processes. (T or F)
True
Homeostasis is the state of chemical and physical stability within the body. (T or F)
True
One important reason for the spread of contagious disease is the misuse of antibiotics. (T or F)
True
The biosphere comprises all living things, as well as the Earth, air and water. (T or F)
True
The key feature of carbon that marks its importance as an organic substance is its versatility in bonding. (T or F)
True
The scientific method necessitates that a testable hypothesis is formed. (T or F)
True
The shape of a protein determines its function. (T or F)
True
The three types of chemical bonds are covalent, ionic, and hydrogen. (T or F)
True
Water is liquid because of the strength of the hydrogen bonds that hold the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another together. (T or F)
True
how many nucleotides make up a nucleic acid?
4
What does RNA act as?
A messenger
During a hydrolysis reaction, ____. a. bonds are broken b. a water molecule is formed c. covalent bonds are formed d. condensation occurs e. polymers are formed
A. Bonds are broken
From which molecule do organisms receive instructions to reproduce and grow? a. DNA b. ATP c. hydrogen d. carbon e. elements
A. DNA
A typical and testable hypothesis might be that ________ . a. plants grow toward light b. many people find pasta bland c. children look like their parents d. aliens drained the car battery e. plants are sensitive
A. Plants grow toward light
Energy flows into the biosphere from ____. a. raw materials b. water c. decomposition d. ecosystems e. the sun
A. Raw materials
During a synthesis reaction, glucose and fructose combine to form ____. a. sucrose b. starch c. a monosaccharide d. a polysaccharide e. glycogen
A. Sucrose
A theory is ________ . a. an explanation based on repeated testing of hypotheses b. always considered to be a "fact" c. something that, once proven, can never disproved d. a preliminary idea that might explain an observation e. the final word on a scientific topic
A. an explanation based on repeated testing of hypotheses
Although health care and medical advances have improved the overall health of humans, we are also facing challenges from diseases that have never afflicted humans before. (T or F)
True
An acid is a substance that donates protons when dissolved in water and a base is a substance that accepts protons when it dissolves in water. (T or F)
True
Carbohydrates are used by cells to store energy. (T or F)
True
Critical thinking is a way of evaluating information before acting. (T or F)
True
In order to think critically, it is important to question the motives and credentials of those making a claim. (T or F)
True
Chemical bonds, which are found in molecules, occur because of electrical interaction of protons. (T or F)
False
Nucleotides are energy-carrying molecules. (T or F)
True
One characteristic that sets humans apart from all other animals is our ability to participate in very complex social systems. (T or F)
True
One important aspect of distinguishing living things from non-living things is the ability to maintain homeostasis. (T or F)
True
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
The building block of large carbohydrates is ____. a. polysaccharide b. glycerol c. glycogen d. amino acids e. glucose
E. glucose
The human body could not live a minute without ________ . a. balance b. air c. food d. water e. homeostasis
E. homeostasis
Where does DNA exist?
Nucleus of our cells
Which base is only found in RNA, NOT DNA?
(U) Uracil
Double stranded?
DNA
DNA bases:
Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
What does G always pair with?
C
Single stranded?
RNA
What does RNA stand for?
ribonucleic acid
How many amino acids in each protein?
20
To prevent contagious diseases of the respiratory system, one should ________ . a. cover the mouth when coughing b. avoid needle sharing c. keep water clean d. handle food properly e. avoid vaccination
A. cover the mouth when coughing
The validity of scientific discoveries should be based on ____. a. evidence b. philosophy c. hearsay d. hunches e. opinions
A. evidence
An example of a tissue is ________ . a. heart muscle b. a water molecule c. the cardiovascular system d. the heart e. muscle cells
A. heart muscle
When an atom's outer electron shell is filled, the atom is ____. a. most stable b. unstable c. polarized d. an isotope e. positively charged
A. most stable
The correct order for using the scientific method is ________ . a. Observation - Question - Hypothesis - Test b. Question - Observation - Hypothesis - Test c. Hypothesis - Question - Observation - Test d. Question - Hypothesis - Observation - Test e. Hypothesis - Observation - Question - Test
A. observation - Question - Hypothesis - Test
If an atom of chlorine has 17 electrons, how many electrons are in its outermost shell? a. seven b. four c. eight d. five e. two
A. seven
In science, the word "theory" ____. a. signifies that a hypothesis has been tested and proven over a period of time b. means that a scientist has a hunch something is true c. has essentially the same meaning as a prediction d. is an explanation that has not been published e. is based mostly on opinions
A. signifies that a hypothesis has been tested and proven over a period of time
Plants store large amounts of carbohydrates in the form of ____. a. starch b. sucrose c. lipids d. glycogen e. glucose
A. starch
After many years of testing, a hypothesis becomes accepted as a ____. a. theory b. variable c. fact d. conclusion e. prediction
A. theory
An example of an illness that is related to lifestyle is ________ . a. type 2 diabetes b. influenza c. measles d. the black plague e. rabies
A. type 2 diabetes
A buildup of H+ in the blood will lead to ____. a. alkalosis b. acidosis c. excess calcium d. excess carbon dioxide e. a higher-than-normal pH
B . Acidosis
"Vertebrates" refers to animals that possess ____. a. the ability to give birth to live young b. a backbone c. hair d. lungs e. mammary glands
B. A backbone
All organisms in domain ____ are single-celled. a. Fungi b. Bacteria c. Protists d. Plants e. Eukarya
B. Bacteria
Which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen? a. protein b. carbohydrate c. lipid d. steroid e. nucleic acid
B. Carbohydrate
The basic unit of life is the ____. a. molecule b. cell c. organism d. atom e. organelle
B. Cell
The flow of ____ and the cycling of ____ maintain nature's organization. a. atoms; energy b. energy; materials c. water; populations d. raw materials; water e. nutrients; water
B. Energy;materials
Critical thinking refers to ____. a. disagree with proposed ideas b. evaluate information before accepting it c. base decisions on opinions d. challenge all concepts e. make quick decisions
B. Evaluate info before accepting it
"A change over time" is the definition of ____. a. ecology b. evolution c. classification d. physiology e. heritage
B. Evolution
The pancreas is an organ that regulates blood glucose levels. When glucose levels rise above normal, the pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels. This is an example of ____. a. immunity b. homeostasis c. evolution d. variability e. mutation
B. Homeostasis
What makes water a good solvent? a. It is very acidic. b. It dissolves ions and polar molecules. c. It heats up very quickly. d. It mixes well with alcohol. e. It dissolves fats.
B. It dissolves ions and polar molecules
Isotopes of an element are different from the most common standard form due to differences in the ____. a. number of protons in the nucleus b. number of neutrons in the nucleus c. position of the element in the periodic table d. atomic number e. size of the electron cloud
B. Number of neutrons in the nucleus
The sequence of amino acids on a protein chain is called its ________ structure. a. tertiary b. primary c. secondary d. functional e. quaternary
B. Primary
The atomic number denotes the number of ____ in an atom of a particular element. a. neutrons b. protons c. electrons d. energy levels e. isotopes
B. Protons
The nucleic acid ________ helps build proteins. a. coenzyme b. RNA c. DNA d. ribose e. ATP
B. RNA
Homeostasis refers to ____. a. directions the cell receives from DNA b. the maintenance of a constant internal state c. the ability of a cell to reproduce d. the ability of organisms to move within their environment e. the extraction of energy from nutrients
B. The maintenance of a constant internal state
Science is based on ____. a. consensus b. evidence c. authority d. faith e. opinions
B. evidence
The blending of two or more kinds of molecules is a(n)____. a. chemical bond b. mixture c. reactant d. isotope e. compound
B. mixture
An important source of antioxidants is the ________ found in ________ . a. melatonin; plants b. phytochemicals; plants c. melatonin; the body d. melatonin; fruits e. phytochemicals; the body
B. phytochemicals; plants
Water molecules attract other water molecules because they are ________ . a. hydrophobic b. polar c. inert d. nonpolar e. ionic
B. polar
The reason that bonds between atoms form is that ________ . a. an atom is inert b. stability occurs when the outermost shell of electrons is filled c. atoms cannot exist by themselves in nature d. there is an attraction between electrons e. there is an attraction between protons of two different atoms
B. stability occurs when the outermost shell of electrons is filled
The most basic level of organization is the ____. a. molecule b. organ c. atom d. compound e. cell
C. Atom
Which characteristic distinguishes humans from other primates? a. body hair b. using tools c. complexity of the brain d. walking upright e. manual dexterity
C. Complexity of the brain
In terms of classification, humans belong to which domain? a. protists b. prokaryote c. Eukarya d. Bacteria e. Archaea
C. Eukarya
Which element is NOT one of the four most common elements found in organisms? a. hydrogen b. carbon c. helium d. nitrogen e. oxygen
C. Helium
Which feature of life is the ability to maintain a stable internal state? a. reproduction b. sensing the outside world c. homeostasis d. growth e. energy production
C. Homeostasis
_____ are made up of 3 fatty acid tails on a glycerol backbone. a. Sterols b. All lipids c. Triglycerides d. All fats e. Phospholipids
C. Triglycerides
On a pH scale of 1 to 14, which is the correct order of substances? a. blood - urine - oven cleaner b. oven cleaner - blood - urine c. urine - blood - oven cleaner d. urine - oven cleaner - blood e. oven cleaner - urine - blood
C. Urine-blood-oven cleaner
An ion is formed ____. a. when atoms share electrons unequally b. when water molecules are bound together c. when atoms exchange electrons d. when atoms share electrons equally e. during covalent bonding
C. When atoms exchange electrons
Proteins are built from ________ . a. glucose molecules b. hydrocarbons c. amino acids d. lipids e. hydrogenated fats
C. amino acids
Emerging diseases ____. a. include obesity and type 2 diabetes b. are caused by poor diet c. are caused by pathogens that until recently had limited impact on human health d. are related to lifestyle factors e. are never caused by viruses
C. are caused by pathogens that until recently had limited impact on human health
In a polar covalent bond, ________ . a. one atom gives up an electron b. atoms have opposite charges c. atoms share electrons but not equally d. one atom receives an electron e. atoms share electrons equally
C. atoms share electrons but not equally
A substance that cannot be broken down into any other constituent parts is called a(n) ________ . a. isotope b. radioisotope c. element d. molecule e. atom
C. element
Energy derives from the sun and is channeled throughout the biosphere through the mechanisms of ________ . a. cellular respiration b. photosynthesis only c. food webs d. human intervention e. decomposition only
C. food webs
Animals store carbohydrates in the form of ____. a. sucrose b. glycogen c. glucose d. lipids e. starch
C. glucose
Which health concerns are related to lifestyle factors? a. SARS respiratory infections b. all cancers c. obesity and diabetes d. bacterial infections e. Lyme disease
C. obesity and diabetes
The first step of the scientific method is to ____. a. perform an experiment b. test a prediction c. observe a natural event d. analyze data e. make a prediction
C. observe a natural event
A systematic way of obtaining knowledge about the natural world is ____. a. an experiment b. a prediction c. science d. a hypothesis e. the variable
C. science
A scientific theory will involve four of the following. Which is the exception? a. revisions or rejection if new evidence comes to light b. carefully stated hypothesis c. subjective conclusions d. repeated controlled experiments e. explanation of a large number of observations
C. subjective conclusions?
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the second shell? a. 6 b. 0 c. 12 d. 8 e. 2
D. 8
A tracer is a substance with what attached to it? a. water b. glucose c. ion d. a radioisotope e. antibodies
D. A radioisotope
A carbon backbone with only hydrogen atoms attached to it is a(an) ________ . a. functional group b. nucleotide c. simple sugar d. hydrocarbon e. inorganic molecule
D. Hydrocarbon
A compound that contains both carbon and hydrogen is ____. a. a salt b. always an acid c. non-biological d. organic e. inorganic
D. Organic
A dissolved substance in water is a(n)____. a. free radical b. antioxidant c. acid d. solute e. solvent
D. Solute
Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes ____ to yield results of a scan. a. x-rays b. photons c. glucose d. tracers e. ions
D. Tracers
The control in an experiment ____. a. reduces experimental errors b. minimizes experimental inaccuracy c. is an additional replicate for statistical purposes d. allows a standard of comparison for the experimental group e. makes the experiment invalid
D. allows a standard of comparison for the experimental group
Populations of different species comprise a(n) ____. a. populations b. the biosphere c. an ecosystem d. community e. evolution
D. community
Which of these is designed by researchers to test only a single prediction of a hypothesis at a time? a. controlled variable b. control group c. experimental constant d. controlled experiment e. experimental variable
D. controlled experiment
Which statement best represents opinion and not fact? a. People who smoke are more likely to get lung cancer. b. Elephants weigh more that kangaroos. c. Dogs are hairier than snakes. d. Dogs are cuter than cats. e. Men tend to be taller than women.
D. dogs are cuter than cats
A protein inside cells that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is a(n) ____. a. inorganic compound b. hydrocarbon c. buffer d. functional group e. enzyme
E. enzyme
An example of critical thinking would be to give up smoking because of ________ . a. reading on Facebook that many of your friends gave up smoking b. having friends pressure you continually to quit c. TV ads that describe nicotine gum d. information read on the American Cancer Society website about lung cancer e. hearing about three smokers in one week who got lung cancer
D. information read on the American Cancer Society website about lung cancer
Maintaining homeostasis is always about the ________ environment. a. cellular b. energy c. external d. internal e. reproductive
D. internal
Which type of bond is responsible for the linking together of atoms within a water molecule? a. isotropic b. ionic c. non-polar covalent d. polar covalent e. hydrogen
D. polar covalent
A free radical takes what particle from a stable molecule? a. a proton b. an atom c. a neutron d. a hydrogen ion e. an electron
E. An electron
Covalent bonds ____. a. occur when ions of opposite charge are attracted to each other b. are the weak link between two water molecules c. form bonds that hold Na and Cl together in NaCl (table salt) d. occur during oxidation reactions e. are extremely strong and stable
E. Are extremely strong and stable
Two characteristics that humans share with other animals are ___ only with other mammals and ________ with other vertebrates. a. body hair; canine teeth b. a backbone; mammary glands c. a backbone; body hair d. canine teeth; body hair e. body hair; a backbone
E. Body hair; a backbone
Humans are members of the ________ domain. a. Bacteria b. Archaea c. Vertebrate d. Mammalia e. Eukarya
E. Eukarya
Each carbon atom can share pairs of electrons with as many as ____ other atoms. a. five b. three c. six d. two e. four
E. Four
Which is the correct order of organization in nature, from least inclusive to most inclusive? a. population → organism → ecosystem → community b. ecosystem → community → population → organism c. organism → community → population → ecosystem d. community → organism → population → ecosystem e. organism → population → community → ecosystem
E. Organism-population-community-ecosystem
A substance that gives up an electron to a free radical is a(n) ____. a. antioxidant b. antiviral c. antibody d. antibiotic e. oxidizer
E. Oxidiser
Which statement is true of electron shells? a. Larger atoms have fewer electron shells. b. A second shell with six electrons is completely filled. c. The innermost shell is at the highest energy level. d. A shell can hold up 20 electrons. e. The innermost shell can hold up to two electrons.
E. The innermost shell can hold up to two electrons
How do hydrophilic molecules interact with water? a. They absorb heat from water. b. They are repelled by water. c. They are absorbed by water. d. They transfer heat to water. e. They are attracted to water
E. They are attracted to water
Which form of organization is classified between cell and organ? a. molecule b. organelle c. atom d. compound e. tissue
E. Tissue
Which evolutionary descriptive term is common to both fish and humans? a. mammals b. bacteria c. primates d. archaea e. vertebrates
E. Vertebrates
Radioisotopes can be used to detect cancer because ________ . a. radioisotopes are attracted to cancer cells b. radioisotopes kill cancer cells c. cancer cells repel the radioactivity of the radioisotope d. cancer cells are already radioactive e. cancer cells are more active and take up the energy more quickly
E. cancer cells are more active and take up the energy more quickly
________ is found only in plants. a. Fructose b. Lactose c. Glucose d. Glycogen e. Cellulose
E. cellulose
Which type of bond is responsible for the linking together of two water molecules? a. ionic b. isotropic c. non-polar covalent d. polar covalent e. hydrogen
E. hydrogen
The statement "animals that live in the desert will produce concentrated urine" is ____. a. a variable b. data c. an opinion d. a control group e. a hypothesis
E. hypothesis
An example of an objective mindset is ________ . a. hunting with a rifle is better than hunting with a bow b. that killing is permissible if done in a war c. that "guns don't kill people; people kill people" d. that coffee is better for you than tea e. measuring the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the earth
E. measuring the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the earth
The bonding of two or more atoms creates a(n) ____. a. ion b. isotope c. solution d. mixture e. molecule
E. molecule
The process in which an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons to another atom or molecule is known as ________ . a. hydrogenation b. ionization c. hydrolysis d. reduction e. oxidation
E. oxidation
An acid is a substance that donates a(n) ____. a. antioxidant b. neutron c. hydroxide ion d. electron e. proton
E. proton
A control group is a factor that can change over time or under different circumstances. (T or F)
False
A mixture is a molecule formed from atoms of different elements. (T or F)
False
A protein is a molecule composed of a chain of fatty acids. (T or F)
False
Antioxidants attract electrons from other stable molecules. (T or F)
False
In an ionic bond, atoms share two electrons. (T or F)
False
In considering the use of the scientific method, value judgments always help with the final assessment. (T or F)
False
In science, a theory is an untested idea about something. (T or F)
False
Oil and water do not mix because oils are polar and water is non-polar. (T or F)
False
Once science has "proven" a theory, it is no longer open to further testing. (T or F)
False
The sun's energy enters the Earth's cycles through the process of cellular respiration. (T or F)
False
What does A always pair with?
T
Which base is only found in DNA?
T