Bone Terms Assignment
Which statements characterize periosteum?
-It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. -It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. -It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones.
Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass.
80%
Which statements characterize the functions of cartilage?
It provides a model for the formation of bones, it covers the ends of long bones
Covering the end of an epiphysis of a long bone is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the
articular
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.
articular cartilage
The end of a long bone is covered with ______.
articular cartilage
Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.
bones
Which are examples of short bones?
bones of the wrist, some bones of the foot
Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone
calcium
Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.
canaliculi
Spongy bone is also called ______.
cancellous bone
The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.
central canal
Which is an organic component of bone?
collagen fibers
In the given image of a flat bone, what does letter B represent?
compact bone
Flat bones have surfaces composed of ______ bone with internally placed ______ bone.
compact; sponge
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
concentric lamellae
Bone is a type of ______ tissue.
connective
What is the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone called?
diaphysis
The ______ epiphysis is the end of a long bone that is farthest from the trunk of the body.
distal
An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.
endosteum
Which structure replaces the epiphyseal plate?
epiphyseal line
The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.
epiphyssis
The type of cartilage that forms intervertebral discs is ______
fibrocartilage
Bone C in the given picture is classified as a(n) ______ bone.
flat
The sternum is an example of a(n) ______ bone.
flat
The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the
ground
The rib cage protects ______.
heart and lungs
The process of blood cell production is called
hematopoiesis
The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______.
hyaline cartilage
The type of cartilage that attaches the ribs to the sternum and is the cartilage of growth plates is ______.
hyaline cartilage
Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.
internal
Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as ______.
irregular
Bones that do not fit into the long, short, or flat categories are called
irregular
bones that do not fit into the long, short, or flat categories are called
irregular
Identify the bone type marked letter A.
irregular bone
Which is a function of cartilage?
it attaches the ribs to the sternum
Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone?
it gives the bone its hardness, it contains hydroxyapatite crystals
Which statements characterize endosteum?
it is active during bone repair, it lines medullary cavities, it contains osteoblasts
Which statements describe the matrix of bone?
it is composed of organic and inorganic substances, it is harder than the matrix of cartilage
Mature cartilage ______ blood supply.
lacks a
Identify the structure marked by the letter B in this picture of an osteon.
lacunae
Bones of the skeleton function as a system of ___ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract.
levers
______ connect bone to bone.
ligaments
Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______ bone.
long
Bone A, in the picture provided, is classified as a(n) ______ bone.
long
The femur is an example of a ______ bone.
long
Which bones are greater in length than width?
long bones
Which organs are protected by bones?
lungs, heart, reproductive organs, brain
What is the cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?`
medullary cavity
Tendons connect ______ to bone.
muscle
Which statements characterize the innervation of bone?
nerves of bone accompany the blood vessels of bone, nerves innervate bone as well as the periosteum, endosteum, and narrow cavity
An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?
organic component
Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?
organic components
Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.
osseous
A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______.
periosteum
In the picture of a flat bone, what does letter A represent?
periosteum
the mineral called ___ stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.
phosphate
The bone part labeled "A" in the figure is the ______.
proximal epiphysis
Hematopoiesis occurs in ______.
red bone marrow
The organic components of bone provide ______.
resistance to stretchign
the diaphysis of a bone is the ___ of a bone
shaft
The wrist bones are examples of ______ bones.
short
Groups of bones serve as attachment sites for ______.
skeletal muscle
Functions of bone include ______.
support, mineral storage, protection, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
which are examples of flat bones
the breastbone (sternum), shoulder blade bones, bones of the roof of the skull
Which serves as a system of levers?
the skeleton
Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?
they are rings of bone tissue, they contain collagen fibers, their numbers vary among osteons
Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?
they contain blood vessels, they are a cylindrical channel, they contain nerves
Which statements characterize canaliculi?
they extend from lacuna to lacuna, they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions, nutrients pass through them
True or false: The innervation of bone is mainly composed of sensory nerves that signal injuries to the skeleton.
true
Which is an example of an irregular bone?
vertebrae
In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.
yellow
