Bone Tissue
List the chemical components of the bone tissue matrix.
collagen and protein-carbohydrate complexes; hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate salt)
What is the function of collagen in the boned matrix?
dissipates shock
What is the function of the osteoclast?
dissolve bones as part of bone remodeling process
What is the function of the calcium salts in the bone matrix?
enables bone to support weight of the body without sagging
Name the structural unit of the cancellous bone.
ends of bone in central space; more loosely organized form of osseous tissue; always enclosed by compact bone
What is the function of the osteocyte?
mature bone cell; contirbute to homeostasis of bone density and blood concentration; regulate bone remodeling - adjustments in bone shape and density that adapt to stress (maintenance "site")
Why is bone resorption necessary? In other words what would be the consequences if bone resorption did not happen?
minerals are needed for other purposes like neuron communication, muscle contraction blood clotting and exocytosis
What is the bone cell responsible for bone deposition?
osteoblasts
What is the bone cell responsible for bone resorption?
osteoclasts (at ruffled border)
What is bone resorption?
process of dissolving blone and releasing minerals into blood
What is bone resorption?
process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into blood
What is endochondral ossification?
when bone develops from preexisting model composed of hyaline cartilage (fetal dev to 20s)
List the cells that form bone tissue.
osteogenic cells; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts
What is intramembranous ossification?
appositional growth (diameter and thickness) performed by osteoblasts
What is the function of the osteoblast?
bone-forming cells; cuboidal or angular and form single layer; synthesize soft organic matter of bone matrix
List 2 types of bone tissue.
Compact and spongy (cancellous)
Give 3 anatomical characteristics of the osteoclast.
3-4 nuclei; ruffled border; formed by fusion of several stem cells (wear ruffles to class)
What is bone deposition?
a crystallization process in which calcium phosphate, and other ions are taken from the blood plasma and deposited in bone tissue
List the types of bones (according to their shape) present in the human body.
flat bones, long bones, short bones, irregular bones
What is ossification?
formation of bone
List the 2 types of human ossification.
intramembranous and endochondral
What is periosteum?
sheath that covers bones; comprised of collagen and bone-forming cells; connects muscle to bone
Name the structural unit of compact bone
shell of outer dense white osseous tissue (encloses bone marrow) skeleton is 3/4 compact bone
What is endosteum?
thin layer of reticular connective tissue that lines the internal marrow cavity, covers all honeycombed surfaces of spongy bone and lines the canal system in compact bone
