Bones
Height begins to decrease on average after age
30
Which person is at highest risk of developing osteoporosis?
A light-skinned postmenopausal woman
Which of the following correctly lists the steps of fracture repair in sequence? A. A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, bony callus forms. B. A hematoma forms, then osteoblasts arrive to produce new bone tissue. C. Phagocytes clear away debris, osteoblasts remove damaged bone tissue, and a hematoma forms. D. White blood cells arrive during the inflammatory response and differentiate into osteoblasts, which produce new bone. E. A hematoma forms, followed by a bony callus that is replaced by fibrocartilage.
A. A hematoma forms, granulation tissue and fibrocartilage develop, osteoclasts and phagocytes clear away debris, bony callus forms.
Which of the following is not a function of bones? A. Contraction B. Provide points of attachment for muscles C. Produce blood cells D. Store inorganic salts E. Protect internal organs
A. Contraction
Which is true? A. Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down calcified bone matrix. B. Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae. C. Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts. D. Embryos and fetuses have only osteoblasts, children have only osteocytes, and adults have only osteoclasts. E. Osteocytes secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts
B. Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
Which of the following is(are) an example of an intramembranous bone?
Broad, flat skull bones
Which of the following is not a function of bone? A. To protect soft tissues. B. To house the tissue that manufactures blood cells. C. To provide nervous communication from bone to muscle. D. To store inorganic salts. E. To provide a framework for the body.
C. To provide nervous communication from bone to muscle.
The components of the pelvic girdle are called A. hip bones. B. coxal bones. C. innominate bones. D. pelvic bones. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
The femur A. is the longest bone in the body. B. extends from the hip to the knee. C. has a large, rounded head. D. articulates with the patella. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
Blood cell formation is called osteogenesis. True False
False
Bones are dead. True False
False
Testosterone has a stronger effect on epiphyseal plates than estrogens. True False
False
The femur extends from the knee to the foot. True False
False
The first cervical vertebra is the axis and the second is the atlas. True False
False
The ischium is the anterior part of the hip bone. True False
False
The parietal bones meet the frontal bone along the sagittal suture. True False
False
The sternum develops in three parts: the lower manubrium, middle body, and upper xiphoid. True False
False
Bones are classified as irregular, flat, short, and long. True False
True
If the supply of blood cells is deficient, yellow marrow may change into red marrow. True False
True
Kyphosis is excess curvature of the thorax. True False
True
Men and women begin to lose bone at the same rate by about age 70. True False
True
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. True False
True
The characteristics of bone that enable it to provide clues to the past of our species are hardness and endurance. True False
True
The ilium is part of the pelvic girdle. True False
True
The small intestine requires vitamin D to adequately absorb calcium. True False
True
The white material that reduces friction at the ends of bones is called
articular cartilage.
The capitulum and trochlea are located
at the distal end of the humerus.
Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.
bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
The atlas is one of the
cervical vertebrae.
The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin cellular layer called ______.
endosteum
It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the
epiphyseal plate.
Phalanges are
finger and toe bones.
The talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and lateral, intermediate, and cuneiform bones are all part of the
foot.
Secretion of excess ______ ______ causes acromegaly.
growth hormone
Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of ______ hormone, which decreases production of ______.
growth; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate
The clavicles
hold the shoulders in place and provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs.
The type of calcium phosphate forming most of the inorganic salts in bone extracellular matrix is
hydroxyapatite.
The acetabulum
is a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.
A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the
maxillae.
The hard palate is composed of the
maxillary and palatine bones.
Bacteria infecting the mucous membranes in the air cells of the mastoid process most likely spread from the
middle ear.
Sex hormones stimulate
ossification of epiphyseal plates.
Cells that remove excess bone tissue after fracture repair are
osteoclasts and phagocytes.
A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospital for the third time for a broken bone, and the parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests come back for which condition?
osteogenesis imperfecta.
The tough, fibrous vascular tissue that encloses a long bone is the ______.
periosteum
Endochondral ossification ______, whereas intramembranous ossification ______.
replaces hyaline cartilage; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue
A compound fracture
results when the broken bone is exposed to the outside.
A vitamin D deficiency results in ______, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ______.
rickets; retardation of bone development
The hip bones include
the ilium, the ischium, and pubis
The three borders of the scapula are called
the superior, axillary, and vertebral borders.
