Book 2 JFO 13 Laser Operation

What is the "Optimal Attack Zone when lazing for CAS"?

This zone is a 120 degree wedge whose apex is at the target and extends 60 degrees on either side of the target-to-laser designator line. Which gives an ideal attack zone of 50 degrees on either side of the 20 degree safety zone.

ATFLIR on the F/A 18, LITENING II, SNIPER, Target Acquisition Designation Site (TADS) on the AH-64 are all examples of what

LSTs

PLDR, SOFLAM, and LLDR. what acronym can be used to describe all three

LTD

AGM-65E Maverick, AGM-114 Hellfire, GBU-12 Paveway II are examples of what?

LGWs

What does LST stand for and what are they used for?

(LST) are use to aid visual acquisition of the target to be attacked by another weapon.

What are the six basic requirements to employing laser designation?

1) PRF codes 2)Direction of Attack 3)Timing 4)Delivery System 5)Line of sight 6)Atmospheric conditions

Laser Brevity term: "Stare"

(with laser code and reference point) Cue the laser spot search tracker function on the specified reference point.

in the JFO Target brief what line is used to annotate the target mark? what is inputted in this line?

line 7, Call sign and laser

What is the advantage of a guided LGB over an unguided LGB?

Accuracy! NO SHIT?

What does AGO stand for and what is it?

Air ground operations (AGO) are the simultaneous or synchronized employment of ground forces with aviation maneuver and fires to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative.

Laser Brevity term: "Spot"

Aircraft has acquired laser energy

Laser Brevity term: "Negative Laser"

Aircraft has not acquired laser energy

Laser Brevity term: "Laser On"

Designate the target with laser energy now

Laser Brevity term: "Cease (activity)"

Discontinue stated activity; e.g.; Cease buzzer, cease laser, cease sparkle, etc.

What is attenuation in regards laser operation?

Dust or water droplets in the air absorb and scatter laser energy and thus affect the amount of reflected energy available for the seeker to sense

What is a adjustable code?

Ground and AIrborne designators have ability to change PRF codes. This gives the operator the flexibility to change the designator to match the code on the weapon.

What is a LGW?

Laser Guided Weapon (LGW) weapons that home on PRF-coded reflected laser energy, then guide to the target. Requires ground or airborne designation.

First-Round hit probability, Wider Range of Targets, Redundant Target Marks, Stand-off, Visual Acquisition with LSTs, Ground-Based Designator Target Identification. These are all examples of advantages of what type of weapons.

Laser Guided weapons

LOS,Cloud/fog, Temperature Extremes, Darkness, Nonreflecting/refracting surface, Solar/Saturation, Heat Vapor, are all limitations of what type of operations?

Laser Operations

Ground and Airborne LTD, What does LTD stand for

Laser Target Designator

What is PRF used for?

Laser designators, spot trackers, and seekers use a pulse coding system, or Pulse repletion frequency, to ensure that a specific seeker, tracker, and or designator combination work in harmony, by setting the same code in both the designator and seeker the seeker will track only the energy with the same coding.

Laser Brevity term: "Shift"

Move laser spot from offset position onto a target or move spot to secondary target.

What does PRF stand for?

Pulse Repetition Frequency

Laser Brevity term: "Ten Seconds"

Standby for laser on call in approximately 10 seconds

Laser Brevity term: "Lasing"

The speaker is firing the laser

What are assigned PRF Code and what are they used for?

They are assigned PRF codes that are managed in the same manner as radio frequencies. Each unit is assigned a certain number of codes. This controlled code assignment prevents interference among joint force activity. these can be found in the fire support Annex D.

what is the podium effect?

When a seeker cannot see the surface being designated it will not be able to detect the reflected laser energy. when a laser is directed at an angular target, like a building it may reflect way from the laser seeker. on reflective surfaces the laser energy can reflect in a unpredictable direction an can put a laser footprint on unintended targets.

can 3 digit code laser equipment work with 4 digit code equipment? how or why not?

YES, depending on the laser equipment, either a 3 or 4 digit code can be set. Three- digit code equipment settings range from 111 to 788/ Four digit code equipment settings range from 1111 to 1788. The 3 and 4 digit code equipment is compatible, however, when using a mix of the 3 and 4 digit equipment the operators must understand that the first digit of a 4 digit code is always set to numerical digit 1. i.e. a ground system set to 658 would equal 1658 to an airborne system and vise versa.

Is Line of Site a limitation of laser operations?

Yes

What is the "Safety Zone" when lasing for CAS?

it is defined as a 20 degree wedge whose apex is at the target and extends ten degrees either side of the target-to-laser designator line.

what causes the laser spot size to enlarge as distance is increased?

laser beam divergence

Laser Brevity term: "Deadeye"

laser designator system is inoperative"

Reflected energy can be received, ___________ and ___________ to guide systems.

focused, analyzed

Laser energy (tactical energy) is ___________ to the naked eye

invisible

Spot Jitter is what?

is the result of motion of the designator, beam developed by the designator, or movement around the intended aim point. this motion may result in a laser spot bouncing movement on the target that increases with the designator distance from target.

what is laser spillover?

is when the target is smaller than the laser spot, there is energy spillover beyond and around the target area.

Laser energy travels in a ___________line.

straight

MQ-9, R/MQ-1, SNIPER, AH-1W, AH-64D, LITENING II, ATFLIR. What do these all have in common

they are either a LTD or utilize Airborne LTDs

PRF codes on LGBs are set prior to taking off. Can they be changed on the aircraft during flight? what would the exception be?

they cannot be changed in-flight unless they are AGM series. However the LSTs can change the PRF codes to match the designator for target acquisition.

What may happen if PRF codes do not match with LTD and LST or LGW?

will fail to guide to the target and cause significant miss distance.