Book: Chapter 8 Questions

Select all that apply Identify the ways by which a class fulfills its responsibilities. - A class uses its own operations to manipulate its own attributes, thereby fulfilling a particular responsibility. - A class uses its own operations to manipulate its other class attributes, thereby fulfilling a particular responsibility. - A class collaborates with other classes. - A class restricts collaboration with other classes.

- A class uses its own operations to manipulate its own attributes, thereby fulfilling a particular responsibility. - A class collaborates with other classes.

Select all that apply Identify the ways by which a set of attributes for an analysis class can be developed. - By studying each use case and selecting those that do not belong to a class - By deriving at a set of operations - By studying each use case and selecting those that belong to a class - By determining the data items that define a class

- By studying each use case and selecting those that belong to a class - By determining the data items that define a class

Select all that apply3 What does class-based modeling represent? - Class-based modeling represents the collaborations that occur between the classes that are defined. - Class-based modeling represents the objects that the system will manipulate. - Class-based modeling represents the operations that will be applied to the objects to effect the manipulation. - Class-based model represents how the external events change the state of the system or the classes that reside within it. - Class-based modeling represents the relationships between the objects.

- Class-based modeling represents the collaborations that occur between the classes that are defined. - Class-based modeling represents the objects that the system will manipulate. - Class-based modeling represents the operations that will be applied to the objects to effect the manipulation. - Class-based modeling represents the relationships between the objects.

Select all that apply What does class-based modeling represent? - Class-based modeling represents the relationships between the objects. - Class-based modeling represents the collaborations that occur between the classes that are defined. - Class-based model represents how the external events change the state of the system or the classes that reside within it. - Class-based modeling represents the objects that the system will manipulate. - Class-based modeling represents the operations that will be applied to the objects to effect the manipulation.

- Class-based modeling represents the relationships between the objects. - Class-based modeling represents the collaborations that occur between the classes that are defined. - Class-based modeling represents the objects that the system will manipulate. - Class-based modeling represents the operations that will be applied to the objects to effect the manipulation.

Select all that apply Identify the factors that are used to evaluate each step in a primary scenario. - Consider the possibility that the actor will take some other action. - Consider the possibility that the actor will select the surveillance from the major function buttons. - Consider the possibility that the actor will encounter some other behavior. - Consider the possibility that the actor will encounter some error condition.

- Consider the possibility that the actor will take some other action. - Consider the possibility that the actor will encounter some other behavior. - Consider the possibility that the actor will encounter some error condition.

Select all that apply Cockburn suggests exploring certain issues before refining a use case model. Identify these issues. - Explore if the trigger identifies the event or condition that gets the use case started. - Explore the cases in which some validation function occurs during this use case. - Explore the cases in which a supporting function (or actor) will fail to respond appropriately. - Explore the goal in context that identifies the overall scope of the use case.

- Explore the cases in which some validation function occurs during this use case. - Explore the cases in which a supporting function (or actor) will fail to respond appropriately.

Select all that apply Identify the steps to be followed for creating a behavioral model. - Identify events that drive the interaction sequence. - Build an activity diagram for the system. - Define criteria for components reuse of the system. - Build a state diagram for the system. - Evaluate all use cases to fully understand the sequence of interaction within the system.

- Identify events that drive the interaction sequence. - Build a state diagram for the system. - Evaluate all use cases to fully understand the sequence of interaction within the system. (1) evaluate all use cases to fully understand the sequence of interaction within the system (2) identify events that drive the interaction sequence and understand how these events relate to specific objects (3) create a sequence for each use case (4) build a state diagram for the system (5) review the behavioral model to verify accuracy and consistency. Each of these steps is discussed in the sections that follow.

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about a processing narrative. - It is a scenario written from one actor's point of view. - It is dissimilar to a use case in style. - It is not a scenario written from one actor's point of view. - It provides an overall description of a function to be developed.

- It is not a scenario written from one actor's point of view. - It provides an overall description of a function to be developed.

Select all that apply Identify Coad and Yourdon's selection characteristics to include a potential class in an analysis model. - Multiple attributes - Common operations - Single attribute - Specific operations

- Multiple attributes - Common operations

Select all that apply A use case is examined for points of information exchange. From the following, identify the events to be examined in a use case scenario. - The information that is exchanged should be noted. - The actor should be identified for each event. - Any conditions or constraints should be listed. - The active state of an object should be noted.

- The information that is exchanged should be noted. - The actor should be identified for each event. - Any conditions or constraints should be listed.

Select all that apply Functional models address two application processing elements, each representing a different level of procedural abstraction. Identify the elements. - The layout of the user interface and the content it presents - The interaction mechanisms the functional model implements - The operations contained within analysis classes that implement behaviors associated with the class - User-observable functionality that is delivered by the app to end users

- The operations contained within analysis classes that implement behaviors associated with the class - User-observable functionality that is delivered by the app to end users

Select all that apply In the context of behavioral modeling, two different characterizations of states must be considered. Identify the two states. - The state of external events that affects the classes - The state of process flow in the system - The state of the system as observed from the outside as the system performs its function - The state of each class as the system performs its function

- The state of the system as observed from the outside as the system performs its function - The state of each class as the system performs its function

Select all that apply What are the three primary objectives of a requirements model? - To define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software is built - To describe what the customer requires - To define criteria for work product reuse - To establish a basis for the creation of a software design

- To define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software is built - To describe what the customer requires - To establish a basis for the creation of a software design

Select all that apply3 What are the three primary objectives of a requirements model? - To define criteria for work product reuse - To establish a basis for the creation of a software design - To define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software is built - To describe what the customer requires

- To establish a basis for the creation of a software design - To define a set of requirements that can be validated once the software is built - To describe what the customer requires

Choose a statement that is true of primary scenarios.

A description of alternative interactions is essential for a complete understanding of the function that is being described by a use case.

Choose a statement that is true of primary scenarios. - They are used to list the functions or activities performed by a specific actor. - A description of alternative interactions is essential for a complete understanding of the function that is being described by a use case. - A variation of a narrative use case presents the interaction as an ordered sequence of user actions. - They are used to represent each action as a declarative sentence.

A description of alternative interactions is essential for a complete understanding of the function that is being described by a use case.

Identify the definition of a sequence diagram.

A sequence diagram is a representation of how events cause flow from one object to another as a function of time.

Identify an option that describes a situation, either a failure condition or an alternative chosen by the actor, that causes the system to exhibit a different behavior.

An exception

In a sequence diagram, what do the arrows represent?

Arrows represent the events.

____ describe a class that has been selected for inclusion in the analysis model.

Attributes

Identify a model that depicts how the software behaves as a consequence of external events.

Behavior model

In operations, how do objects communicate with each other?

By passing messages

_____ defines objects, attributes, and relationships.

Class modeling

_____ provides a simple means for identifying and organizing the classes that are relevant to system or product requirements.

Class-responsibility-collaborator modeling

Match the components of a class-responsibility-collaborator card (in the left column) with their appropriate meanings (in the right column). Classes -------------- ____ Responsibilities ------ ____ Collaborators ------- ____ A) They are the classes required to provide a class with the information needed to complete a responsibility. B) They describe attributes and operations that are relevant for a class. C) They are a collection of objects.

Classes -------------- __C__ Responsibilities ------ __B__ Collaborators ------- __A__

____ are identified by determining whether a class can fulfill each responsibility itself.

Collaborations

_____ that appear in the problem space and produce or consume information essential to the operation of any solution for a system will be defined as classes in the requirements model.

External entities

If the class is required to implement a solution, then it is a part of the problem space.

False

True or false: An activity diagram adds only the details mentioned in the use case.

False

True or false: Elements of the requirements model cannot be traced.

False

True or false: If the class is required to implement a solution, then it is a part of the problem space.

False

True or false: In a state diagram, the guard depends on the active state of the object.

False

Identify the most effective way used to extract candidate classes, attributes, and operations from text-based narratives.

Grammatical parse

In a formal use case, what does a precondition specify?

It describes what is known to be true before the use case is initiated.

What does the user-observable functionality in the functional model encompass?

It encompasses any processing functions that are initiated directly by the user.

In a formal use case, what does a trigger identify?

It identifies the event or condition that gets the use case started.

In the formal approach for writing a use case, what does a goal in context identify?

It identifies the overall scope of the use case.

What function does the lower level of procedural abstraction in the requirements model perform?

It manipulates class attributes and is involved as classes collaborate with one another to accomplish some required behavior.

In a sequence diagram, identify the notation that is used to represent the time spent in processing an activity.

Narrow vertical rectangles

From the following, identify an option that states what class models represent. - Functional elements of a system - Behavior of software as a consequence of events - Object-oriented classes - Information domain for the problem

Object-oriented classes

Consider the algorithm, "if (password input = 4 digits) then compare to stored password." Identify the state transition that the guard will determine after receiving this algorithm.

Reading state to comparing state

Identify the stage at which the use case that defines the key steps for a specific function or interaction is derived.

Requirements elicitation

How are the responsibilities represented in a swim lane diagram?

Responsibilities are represented as parallel segments that divide the diagram vertically,

_____ elements depict how the user interacts with the system and the specific sequence of activities that occur as the software is used.

Scenario-based

Identify a type of requirements model that represents requirements from the point of view of various system actors.

Scenario-based models

Identify a type of behavioral representation in UML.

Sequence diagrams

____ define a class of objects or related classes of objects.

Structures

What do the solid horizontal lines in an activity diagram indicate?

They indicate that parallel activities are occurring.

True or false: An event is the fact that the information has been exchanged.

True

Identify the primary modeling element that is a narrative or template-driven description of an interaction between an actor and the software.

Use case

When is a formal approach desirable for developing a use case?

When a use case involves a critical activity

In an activity diagram, decision diamonds depict _____.

a branching decision

A(n) _____ occurs concurrently with the state transition or as a consequence of it and generally involves one or more operations of the object.

action

The ____ state of an object indicates the current status of the object as it undergoes a continuing transformation or processing.

active

The UML ____ ____ supplements the use case by providing a graphical representation of the flow of interaction within a specific scenario.

activity diagram

Two analysis classes are related to one another in some fashion. In UML, these relationships are called ____.

associations

An item is not defined as a(n) ____ if more than one of the items is to be associated with the class.

attribute

In a state diagram for analysis class, a(n) _____ is a Boolean condition that must be satisfied in order for the transition to occur.

guard

Behavioral models represent _____.

how software responds to internal or external events or stimuli

A(n) _____ state is simply the current values assigned to an object's attributes.

passive

Each entry in a list of nouns extracted from a grammatical parse is known as a(n) ____ ____.

potential object/class

In a formal use case, a _____ describes what is known to be true before the use case is initiated.

precondition

If a class is necessary only to describe a solution, it is part of the _____.

problem space

A set of ____ ____ are a part of the original use case but represent alternative behavior.

secondary scenarios

The UML ____ diagram is a useful variation of the activity diagram and allows you to represent the flow of activities described by the use case and at the same time indicates which actor has responsibility for the action described by an activity rectangle.

swimlane

A(n) ____ ____ represents a sequence of activities that involves actors and the system.

use case