Bro Wiggins Exam 4

Children with conduct disorder diagnoses are often prescribed SSRIs because: a. Low serotonin is tied to aggression. b. Treating underlying depression is a good secondary strategy. c. They balance out dopamine and norepinephrine levels. d. Psychotherapy is not helpful; these kids need medication.

a. Low serotonin is tied to aggression

Odd and eccentric personality disorders in the DSM-5 include: a. Paranoid personality disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder c. Antisocial personality disorder d. Avoidant personality disorder

a. Paranoid personality disorder

______ is to disruptive and unwanted sleep experiences as ______ is to extreme daytime sleepiness. a. Parasomnia; hypersomnia b. Insomnia; hypersonmia c. Hypersomnia; somnambulism d. Nightmare disorder; sleep terrors

a. Parasomnia; hypersomnia

In the past, when no identifiable medical or psychiatric disorder was identified, patients were diagnosed with: a. Primary insomnia b. Secondary insomnia c. Central sleep apnea d. Restless leg syndrome

a. Primary insomnia

Which is NOT a term typically used in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)? a. Transference b. Emotional regulation c. Skills training d. Distress tolerance

a. Transference

Feeling sad is to _______ as hitting someone is to _______. a. internalizing; externalizing b. externalizing; internalizing c. oppositionality; conduct problems d. conduct problems; oppositionality

a. internalizing; externalizing

The DSM-5 includes a diagnosis of: a. Autistic disorder b. Autism spectrum disorder c. Asperger's disorder d. Pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

b. Autism spectrum disorder

When it comes to psychotherapy effectiveness, Cluster has the most research support, while Cluster has the least. a. A (odd and eccentric); B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) b. B (dramatic, emotional, erratic); A (odd and eccentric) c. C (anxious and fearful); A (odd and eccentric) d. A (odd and eccentric); C (anxious and fearful)

b. B (dramatic, emotional, erratic); A (odd and eccentric)

Delirium differs from dementia in this way. a. Delirium involves memory problems. b. Delirium comes and goes, fluctuating in severity. c. Delirium develops into mild neurocognitive disorder, but dementia doesn't. d. Delirium is included in ICD-11, but not DSM-5.

b. Delirium comes and goes, fluctuating in severity

Which one of these treatments for enuresis has fallen into disrepute? a. Child-centered play therapy b. Dry-bed training c. Enuresis alarm d. Tricyclic antidepressants

b. Dry-bed training

Research on behavior therapy for ADHD has found it to be: a. Equally or more effective and less time-consuming than medication. b. Equally or more effective than medication, but time-consuming. c. Less effective than medication and more time-consuming. d. Less effective than medication, but also with fewer side effects.

b. Equally or more effective than medication, but time-consuming

Recognizing the sensations that precede a tic in order to prevent it is central to: a. Cognitive restructuring b. Habit reversal training (HRT) c. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) d. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

b. Habit reversal training

Someone functioning at the PDM-2's borderline level of personality functioning: a. Struggles to distinguish reality from fantasy. b. Is overwhelmed by depression, anxiety, and rage. c. Is rigid, but can function adequately. d. Is flexible in response to daily life challenges.

b. Is overwhelmed by depression, anxiety, and rage

_______ is seen as originating in biology, while _______ is thought to be due more to social causes. a. Sociopathy; psychopathy b. Psychopathy; sociopathy c. Antisocial personality disorder; schizotypal personality disorder d. Schizotypal personality disorder; antisocial personality disorder

b. Psychopathy; sociopathy

"You are only allowed to stay in bed for 6 hours because that us all the sleep you need." The therapist who says this is conducting what type of therapy? a. Stimulus control therapy b. Sleep restriction therapy c. Sleep hygiene therapy d. Sleep imbalance therapy

b. Sleep restriction therapy

A "neurotypical" is: a. The typical person with autism. b. Someone without a neurodevelopmental diagnosis. c. A person with ADHD who is otherwise normal. d. Someone who experiences autistic process in expected ways.

b. Someone without a neurodevelopment diagnosis

Ritalin, which is prescribed for ADHD, is what type of drug? a. Depressant b. Stimulant c. Antidepressant d. Anticonvulsant

b. Stimulant

Psychodynamic therapies for personality disorders have been criticized for: a. Being too structured. b. Underestimating genetics. c. Deemphasizing underlying drives and motivations. d. Not properly attending to early attachments.

b. Underestimating genetics

Which is NOT a multisystemic therapy intervention? a. Using family therapy to address family patterns. b. Initiating a neighborhood project. c. Working with local business leaders on an after-school program. d. Parents placing their child with ADHD on a sugar-free diet.

d. Parents placing their child with ADHD on a sugar-free diet

Phenylketonuria leads to: a. Learning disabilities b. Sleep disorders c. Intellectual disabilities d. Dementia

c. Intellectual disabilities

The Lidcombe Program adheres to which theoretical perspective? a. Behavioral b. Biological c. Humanistic d. Family systems

a. Behavioral

Borderline personality disorder: a. Carries a lot of stigma not just among the general public, but also among mental health professionals. b. Carries a lot of stigma among the general public, but not for mental health professionals, who are trained to know better. c. Is stigmatizing, so mental health professionals quickly share the diagnosis with their patients to cut back on stigmatized responses. d. Used to be very stigmatized, but with changing social attitudes no longer is.

a. Carries a lot of stigma not just among the general public, but also among mental health professionals

______ is sometimes prescribed for childhood enuresis as a way to boost ______. a. Desmopressin; vasopressin b. Vasopressin; desmopressin c. Imipramine; dopamine d. Imipramine; urine absorption

a. Desmopressin; vasopressin

Which of these is a symptom of inattention rather than hyperactivity-impulsivity? a. Difficulty listening b. Fidgeting c. Excessive talking d. Interrupting

a. Difficulty listening

Someone on the Feingold Diet actively avoids _______. a. food additives b. sugar c. gluten d. polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)

a. Food additives

Which is TRUE about autism? a. GABA transmission problems are hypothesized to play a role. b. Atypical antipsychotics are rarely prescribed because they are too strong for children. c. It is not considered especially heritable. d. The autistic brain struggles to systematize.

a. GABA transmission problems are hypothesized to play a role

One way of identifying learning disabilities is through: a. IQ-achievement discrepancies. b. CAT scans of brain functioning. c. A heritability analysis. d. Assessing intellectual deficits via IQ testing.

a. IQ-achievement discrepancies

Senile plaques: a. Involve the sticky buildup of beta-amyloid protein in the area surrounding neurons. b. Are the twisting of tau protein fibers, which help neurons keep their shape and allow them to transmit nutrients. c. Are indicative of the enlargement of the hippocampus. d. Provide a buffer against Alzheimer's by affording people to avoid age-related cognitive declines through reading.

a. Involve the sticky buildup of beta-amyloid protein in the area surrounding neurons

The ICD-11 approach to personality disorders is most notable for: a. Limiting itself to one diagnosis of "personality disorder" assessed as "mild," "moderate," or severe." b. Its inclusion of dissocial personality disorder, but not obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. c. Shifting from dimensions to categories. d. Its use of biomarkers in diagnosing personality disorders.

a. Limiting itself to one diagnosis of "personality disorder" assessed as "mild", "moderate", or "severe"

The historical diagnosis of "hyperkinetic disease" best anticipates what modern diagnosis? a. Conduct disorder b. Oppositional defiant disorder c. ADHD d. Autism spectrum disorder

c. ADHD

Which is FALSE? a. Boys are diagnosed with ADHD more than girls. b. Autism is more prevalent among children from immigrant backgrounds. c. ADHD rates are higher in Europe than the United States. d. Autism is less often correctly diagnosed among racial minorities.

c. ADHD rates are higher in Europe than the United States

Which of these is NOT associated with reduced risk of dementia? a. Being more educated b. Being more physically active c. Being female d. Being of higher intelligence

c. Being female

Serotonin is to personality disorder as dopamine is to personality disorder. a. avoidant; narcissistic b. obsessive-compulsive; histrionic c. borderline; schizotypal d. dependent; antisocial

c. Borderline; schizotypal

The main difference between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) is: a. ODD is more severe and diagnosed in older children. b. ODD is tied to early parental neglect. c. CD involves violating the rights of others. d. ODD is limited to school, but CD also occurs at home.

c. CD involves violating the rights of others

Which perspective conceptualizes lack of fluency in stuttering as being due to a failure to internalize speech fluency into one's identity? a. Behavioral b. Cognitive c. Constructivist d. Psychodynamic

c. Constructivist

"After assessing his level of personality functioning and how he scores on the five pathological trait domains, I arrived at one of the six categorical personality disorder diagnoses available." This person is using which diagnostic manual? a. ICD-10 b. ICD-11 c. DSM-5 d. RDoC

c. DSM-5

Which is NOT a type of "borderline family?" a. Enmeshed or overinvolved b. Alienated or rejecting c. Duplicitous or dishonest d. Idealizing or denying

c. Duplicitous or dishonest

_______ is a good example of courtesy stigma. a. Being polite to people with ADHD despite privately holding negative views of them b. Remaining quiet and meek despite being discriminated against for having an autistic child c. Feeling rejected and judged for being the parent of a child with autism d. Compensating for being oppositional and defiant by always minding one's manners

c. Feeling rejected and judged for being the parent of a child with autism

Where do psychoanalytic perspectives on autism remain influential? a. U.S. b. U.K. c. France d. Japan

c. France

The hyperarousal theory proposes that: a. People with parasomnias are overly sensitive to distractions. b. Too little orexin produces difficulties sleeping. c. Genetic predisposition makes one susceptible to insomnia. d. Non-benzodiazepine sleep aids are helpful for insomnia.

c. Genetic disposition makes one susceptible to insomnia

Which is NOT one of the factors in the five-factor model (FFM) of personality? a. Extraversion b. Agreeableness c. Hysteria d. Neuroticism

c. Hysteria

How did DSM-5 lower diagnostic thresholds? a. It added autism spectrum disorder, which has a dimensional aspect. b. It deemphasized the importance of false negatives. c. It changed the age by which ADHD symptoms must appear to 12 from 7. d. It stopped requiring aggression be present in the diagnosis of conduct disorder.

c. It changed the age by which ADHD symptoms must appear to 12 from 7

Which of these personality disorders is diagnosed more in men than women? a. Dependent b. Borderline c. Paranoid d. Histrionic

c. Paranoid

"Fragile process" is a term associated with what perspective? a. Psychodynamic b. Cognitive-behavioral c. Person-centered d. Object relations

c. Person-centered

Tourette's disorder is a ______ disorder. a. stereotypic movement b. developmental coordination c. tic d. motor function

c. Tic

"People with autism prefer parts, not wholes." This describes: a. Extreme male brain (EMB) theory b. Low-fitness extreme theory c. Weak central coherence theory d. Gestalt theory of autism

c. Weak central coherence theory

According to the cholinergic hypothesis, lack of this neurotransmitter is central to Alzheimer's. a. Dopamine b. GABA c. Glutamate d. Acetylcholine

d. Acetylcholine

Neurochemically speaking, ADHD has been hypothesized to be related to which of these? a. Deficits in dopamine b. Deficits in norepinephrine c. Answer A but not Answer B d. Answers A and B

d. Answers A and B

When it comes to sociocultural factors and personality disorders, which of these statements holds? a. Lower SES is correlated with antisocial behavior. b. African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed as paranoid. c. Answer A but not Answer B. d. Both Answers A and B.

d. Both Answers A and B

"We must identify early maladaptive schemas if we are to help Mildred with her borderline personality disorder." The therapist who says this is likely of what theoretical bent? a. Humanistic b. Psychodynamic c. Object relations d. Cognitive-behavioral

d. Cognitive-behavioral

What is the main difference between discrete trial training (DTT) and intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)? a. DTT is more cognitive, while EIBI is more behavioral. b. DTT stresses operant conditioning, while EIBI emphasizes classical conditioning. c. DTT is used in schools, whereas EIBI is used in hospitals. d. DTT is for children over age 5, while EIBI is for children under age 5

d. DTT is for children over the age of 5, EIBI is for children under the age of 5

Which is NOT the name of a DSM or ICD learning disorder diagnosis? a. Specific learning disorder b. Developmental learning disorder c. Mixed disorder or scholastic skills d. Dyslexia

d. Dyslexia

Those skeptical of the notion of personality would argue all of the following EXCEPT: a. Using personality as an explanation of behavior is tautological. b. People behave differently across different situations. c. Personality is a quintessentially Western notion. d. Personality should be measured along six dimensions, not five.

d. Personality should be measured alone six dimensions, not five

This is not considered a CBT approach to enuresis. a. Bell and pad method b. Enuresis alarm c. Dry-bed training d. Play therapy

d. Play therapy

Which is NOT another name for stuttering? a. Stammering b. Childhood-onset fluency disorder c. Developmental speech fluency disorder d. Speech-sound disorder

d. Speech-sound disorder

Which is NOT an example of cultural relativism regarding personality disorders? a. American and British patients diagnosed as borderline differ in their symptoms. b. In China, borderline personality disorder is not recognized. c. Narcissism appears to be more common in Western countries. d. The DSM-5 is used to diagnose personality disorders across the world.

d. The DSM-5 is sued to diagnose personality disorders across the world

Antisocial traits may be evolutionarily adaptive, unless: a. The antisocial individual engages in truly violent crimes like murder b. Serotonin levels get too low, leading to extreme aggression c. The individual also inherited the obsessive trait complex d. The frequency of antisocial people in the population becomes too large

d. The frequency of antisocial people in the population becomes too large

Tourette's disorder has been linked to: a. Too little GABA b. Too much serotonin c. Too little norepinephrine d. Too much dopamine

d. Too much dopamine

The _______ person wants to socially engage but fears rejection, but the individual exploits others and lacks empathy. a. antisocial; avoidant b. schizotypal; schizoid c. schizoid; schizotypal d. avoidant; antisocial

d. avoidant; antisocial

While completing a puzzle, Stanley gets frustrated and flips over the table in anger. Such outbursts are common for him, happening several times per week. The best diagnosis for Stanley is ______. a. conduct disorder b. kleptomania c. ADHD d. intermittent explosive disorder

d. intermittent explosive disorder