BRS Physiology Chapter 5
Use the values below to answer the following quesiton. Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure = 47 mmHg Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg Bowman's space oncotic pressure = 0 mmHg At what value of glomerular capillary oncotic pressure would glomerular filtration stop?
37 mmHg
A woman runs a marathon in 90*F weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After he marathon she will have
Decreased plasma osmolarity
Which of the following would cause an increase in both glomerular filtration rate (GFR0 and renal plasma flow (RPF)
Dilation of the affront arteriole
One gram of mannitol was injected into a woman. After equilibration, a plasma sample had a mannitol conc of .08 g/L. During the equ period, 20% of injected mannitol was excreted in the urine. The subject's
ECF volume is 10 L
A pt arrives at emergency room with low arterial pressure, reduced tissue turgor and following arterial blood values PH = 7.69 HCO3 = 57 mEq/L PCO2 = 48 mmHg Which of the following responses would also be expected to occur in this pt?
Exchange of intracellular H+ for extracellular K+
At plasma concentrations of glucose higher than occur at transport maximum (Tm) the
Excretion rate of glucose increases with increasing plasma glucose concenterations
Which of the following causes hyperkalemia
Exercise
To maintain normal H+ balance, total daily excretion of H= should equal the daily
Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
A negative free-water clearance will occur in a person who
Has an oat cell carcinoma of the lunch and excretes urine with an osmolarity of 1000 mOsm/L
A pt has following arterial blood values: Ph = 7.52 PCO2 = 20 mmHg HCO3- = 16 mEq/L Which of the following statements about this pt is most likely to be correct?
He has decreased ionized Ca2+ in blood
Which of the following substances or combinations of substances could be used to measure interstitial fluid volume?
Inulin and radioactive albumin
The reabsorption of filtered HCO3-
Is inhibited by decreases in arterial PCo2
Which of the following ions has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid than extracellular fluid
K+
A woman with a hx of sever diarrhea has the following arterial blood values: PH - 7.25 PCo2 = 24 mmHg [HCO3-] = 10 mEg/L Venous blood samples show decreased blood [K+] and a normal anion gap. The correct diagnosis for this patient is
Metabolic acidosis
Which set of arterial blood values describes a heavy smoker with a. History of emphysema and chronic bronchitis who is becoming increasingly somnolent.
PH = 7.32 HCO3- = 30 PCo2 = 60
Which of the following substances has the highest renal clearance
Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
Which set describes pt with 5-day history of vomitting
Ph - 7.65 HCO3- = 48 PCo2 = 45
Which set of arterial blood values describes a pt with chronic renal failure (eating normal protein diet) and decreased urinary excretion of NH4
Ph = 7.31 HCO3 - = 16 PCo2 = 33
Which set describes pt with untreated diabetes mellitus and increased urinary excretion
Ph = 7.31 HCO3- = 16 PCO2 = 33
Which set of arterial blood values describes a pt with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis after 1 month on a mechanical ventilator?
Ph = 7.50 HCO3- = 15 PCO2 = 20
Which of the following would best distinguish an otherwise healthy person with severe water deprivation from a person with that e Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormones (SIADH)
Plasma osmolarity
Which of the following is an action of parathyroid hormone on the renal tubule
Stimulation of adenylate cyclase
A woman has plasma osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L and urine osmolarity of 1200 mOsm/L. The correct diagnosis is
Water deprivation
The following information was obtained in a human subject: Plasma: Insulin = 1 mg/ml X = 2 mg/ml Urine: Insulin = 150 mg/ml X = 100 mg/ml Urine flow rate = 1 ml/min Assuming that X is freely filtered, which of the following statements is most correct?
There is net reabsorption of X
Which of the following causes a decrease in renal Ca2+ clearance
Treatment with chlorothiazide
Which of the following would produce an increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in the proximal tubule?
Increased filtration fraction
At plasma para-aminophippuric acid (PAH) conc below transport max, PAH
Conc in the renal vein is close to zero
A man presents with hypertension and hypokalemia. Measurements of his arterial blood gases reveal a pH of 7.5 and a calculated HCO3- of 32 mEq/L. His serum cortisol and urinary vanill ylmandelic acid are normal, his serum aldosterone is increased and his plasma renin activity is decrease which of the following is the most likely cause of his hypertension?
Conn's syndrome
Secretion of K+ by the distal tubule will be decreased by
Spironolactone administration
A buffer pair has a pK of 5.4. At a blood pH of 7.4 the concentration of acid base is
1/100 that of the acid
A pt is infused with a PAH to measure renal blood flow. Urine flow rate of 1 ml/min, plasma PAH of 1 mg/ml, urine PAH of 600 mg/ml and a hematocrit of 45%. What is her effective RBF?q
1091 ml/min
Compared with a person who ingests 2 L of distilled water, a person with water deprivation will have
Higher rate of H2O reabsorption in the collecting ducts
Subjects A and B are 70-kg men. Subject A drinks 2 L of distilled water and subject B drinks 2 L of isotonic NaCl. As a result of these ingestion subject be will have a
Higher urine osmolarity
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis
Hyperaldosteronism
A woman with a hx of sever diarrhea has the following arterial blood values: PH - 7.25 PCo2 = 24 mmHg [HCO3-] = 10 mEg/L Venous blood samples show decreased blood [K+] and a normal anion gap. Which of the following statements about this patient is correct?
The decreased blood [K+] is a result of increased circulating levels of aldosterone
