BSC2010 exam 4 quiz questions

Which DNA sequence below would be a palindromic sequence? a. AAAGGG b. AGCGCT c. ACACAC d. AGTCGT

AGCGCT

What is one method by which long non-coding RNAs regulate transcription? a. Add a poly-A tail to the mRNA. b. Form a loop that lets an activator protein bind to an enhancer. c. Act as a decoy to bind up transcription factors. d. Insert zinc projections into the grooves of DNA.

Act as a decoy to bind up transcription factors.

hich statement describes what the "wobble hypothesis" of the tRNA allows? a. Each tRNA can pair with another 5'anticodon sequence base b. Each tRNA can pair with up to three separate codons c. Each tRNA cannot translate all the codons into amino acids d. Each tRNA can flip its code when attached to a codon

Each tRNA can pair with up to three separate codons

During translation, which site within the ribosome holds the growing polypeptide chain? a. B b. A c. E d. 5' e. P

P

At what site does assembly of transcription factors on a promoter begin? a. TTAA box b. TAAT box c. AATT box d. TATA box e. ATAT box

TATA box

What is the purpose of a silencer in eukaryotic cells? a. To provide a binding site for RNA polymerase b. To make massive amounts of the protein c. To regulate transcription d. To increase the rate of RNA synthesis e. To decrease transcription

To decrease transcription

Initiation of transcription requires: a. DNA polymerase b. Okazaki fragments c. a DNA primer d. an RNA primer e. a promoter sequence

a promoter sequence

In what part of a prokaryotic cell does transcription takes place? a. ribosome b. cell membrane c. cytoplasm d. mitochondria e. nucleus

cytoplasm

In what part of a eukaryotic cell is a mature mRNA deposited after it is transcribed? a. nucleus b. cytosol c. ribosome d. nuclear envelope e. mitochondria

cytosol

What process in the nucleus can elongate a short poly-A tail to make it more efficient for mRNA translation? a. inhibition b. polyadenylation c. DNA methylation d. alternative splicing e. phosphorylation

polyadenylation

What must RNA polymerase identify before it can unwind the DNA and initiate transcription? a. helicase b. leading strand c. promoter d. DNA polymerase

promoter

Translocation occurs when: a. part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a homologous chromosome b. a Y chromosome replaces an X chromosome in a female cell c. crossing-over events occur d. part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

Which is a vector used in DNA recombinant technology? a. intron b. bacteria c. plasmid d. retrovirus e. ligase

plasmid

Transformation is a process whereby: a. plasmids are transferred into viral cells. b. bacteria are transferred into plasmid cells. c. bacteria are transferred into viral cells. d. plasmids are transferred into bacterial cells.

plasmids are transferred into bacterial cells.

As Jacob and Monod found in their experiments, what will the lactose repressor bind to in the absence of lactose? a. operon b. operator c. promoter d. repressor e. polymerase

operator

For an inducible gene to be transcribed, its _____ must be inactivated. a. inducer b. operator c. operon d. repressor e. promoter

repressor

Comparing the human and mouse genomes has revealed that the mouse and human: a. genomes have no genes in common b. share few genes c. share most genes d. genomes have identical noncoding DNA e. genomes are identical

share most genes

Down syndrome is an example of a ____ condition. a. disomic b. polyploid c. monosomic d. trisomic e. transgenic

trisomic

What type of gene is constantly transcribed because the proteins they code are always needed for bacteria? a. inducer b. promoter c. repressor d. constitutive e. operator

constitutive

How many double stranded DNA molecules are produced after eight cycles of a polymerase chain reaction? a. 256 b. 128 c. 8 d. 64 e. 2

256

What project published data in 2012 that provided a map of 38 million SNPs that span all the human chromosomes? a. ENCODE Project b. The Human Genome Project c. 1000 Genomes Project d. Genome-wide association studies e. Gene Therapy Study

1000 Genomes Project

While microscopically investigating the chromosomes of an individual with Martin-Bell syndrome, what would you expect to find at the tips of the X chromosome? a. A duplicated site b. A deleted segment c. A fragile site d. Another homologous chromosome

A fragile site

What is the mRNA codon sequence that must be first to start translation? a. UGA b. UAG c. UAA d. TAC e. AUG

AUG

At what stage in meiosis can nondisjunction on the chromosome occur? a. Anaphase b. Telophase c. Interphase d. Prophase e. Metaphase

Anaphase

Check My Work Phenylketonuria, an autosomal recessive disorder that results in the body abnormally processing phenylalanine, has the biggest impact on what part of the human body? a. Central nervous system b. Endocrine system c. Circulatory system d. Digestive system

Central nervous system

Which is the sequence for gene expression? a. DNA → RNA → polypeptide b. RNA → polypeptide → DNA c. RNA → DNA → polypeptide d. polypeptide → DNA → RNA e. DNA → polypeptide → RNA

DNA → RNA → polypeptide

____ is a technique that can be used to separate DNA molecules based on their size. a. Separation gradient b. Cloning c. Electrophoresis d. PCR

Electrophoresis

Why is it important for mRNA of bacteria to be translated quickly? a. Faster translation can produce more proteins during a bacterial mRNA's short life cycle. b. Faster translation can strengthen the affinity of the promoter region for RNA polymerase. c. Faster translation can respond more quickly to the changes in amino acid concentrations. d. Faster translation can activate more promoters of RNA polymerase.

Faster translation can produce more proteins during a bacterial mRNA's short life cycle.

What law is designed to protect Americans from insurance companies discriminating against an individual for having a family history of a particular disorder? a. The 1000 Genomes Act b. Genome-Wide Association Studies Act c. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act d. The Human Genome Project Act e. Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Act

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

A young couple wants to start a family, but they know that the husband's family has a history for cystic fibrosis. As a trusted friend, they ask for your advice. What would you recommend they do first before trying to conceive? a. Gene therapy b. Genetic screening c. Genetic counseling d. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis e. Amniocentesis

Genetic counseling

Which genetic disease is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait? a. Sickle cell anemia b. Tay-Sachs disease c. Cystic fibrosis d. Hemophilia A e. Phenylketonuria

Hemophilia A

Which of the following is a characteristic of uracil? a. It has the ability to bond with adenine. b. It has the ability to bond with guanine. c. It is a purine. d. It contains two nitrogenous rings.

It has the ability to bond with adenine.

Which technique helps identify RNA sequences? a. PCR b. Western blotting c. DNA fingerprinting d. DNA microarray e. Northern blotting

Northern blotting

During translocation, the movement of the ribosome repositions the tRNA linked to the growing polypeptide chain to the ____ site, thereby vacating the ____ site for the arrival of a new amino-acyl tRNA. a. initiation; termination b. small ribosomal subunit; large ribosomal subunit c. large ribosomal subunit; small ribosomal subunit d. P; A e. A; P

P; A

PCR has many uses and advantages. What is one disadvantage of this technology? a. PCR is easily contaminated with foreign DNA. b. PCR is a slow and inefficient process. c. It is difficult to keep the amplified DNA strands intact. d. PCR works on only some DNA sequences. e. The amplified product is often degraded.

PCR is easily contaminated with foreign DNA.

Which of the following methods can be implemented to inactivate a gene when trying to determine the function of a missing protein? a. RNA hybridization b. Reverse transcription c. DNA sequencing d. DNA synthesis e. RNA interference

RNA interference

Which enzyme is responsible for copying DNA into an RNA transcript? a. DNA polymerase b. RNA polymerase c. helicase d. spliceosome e. ligase

RNA polymerase

What method does a researcher use to calculate the original number of targeted mRNA molecules present in a particular cell? a. gene sequencing b. Western blotting c. RT-PCR analysis d. gel electrophoresis

RT-PCR analysis

What purpose do restriction enzymes play in bacterial cells? a. Restriction enzymes prevent the overproduction of mRNA in the bacterial cell. b. Restriction enzymes attack bacteriophage DNA when it enters the cell. c. Restriction enzymes limit the rate of bacterial replication. d. Restriction enzymes connect Okazaki fragments.

Restriction enzymes attack bacteriophage DNA when it enters the cell.

What are the three gel electrophoresis blotting methods for DNA, RNA, and proteins, respectively? a. microarray, PCR, and DNA probe b. Southern, Northern, and Western c. DNA fingerprinting, PCR, and transgenics d. Watson, Mullis, and Southern

Southern, Northern, and Western

What is an advantage of obtaining a protein drug from milk? a. The protein drug can be produced in large quantities. b. The protein drug can help the entire herd of dairy cows. c. The protein drug becomes heat resistant while forming in the cow. d. The protein drug cannot mutate in the milk.

The protein drug can be produced in large quantities.

Cultures from which of the following are commonly used to prepare karyotypes? a. Bacteria b. Somatic cells c. White blood cells d. Red blood cells e. Viruses

White blood cells

How can pre-mRNA be processed in multiple ways? a. RNA interference b. proteolytic processing c. protein degradation d. chemical modification e. alternative splicing

alternative splicing

When glucose is depleted in a bacterial cell, what needs to bind to CAP so that the lac operon can increase its affinity to RNA polymerase? a. promoter b. operator c. repressor d. cAMP e. DNA

cAMP

Researchers are addressing the environmental concern about transgenic Atlantic salmon escaping into the wild by _____. a. euthanizing the fish after they have been studied b. designing a warning system if a fish escapes c. developing only non-reproducing females d. distributing literature describing how the fish are safe

euthanizing the fish after they have been studied

What part of an mRNA transcript is left after the process of splicing? a. ribose b. coding sequences c. telomeres d. exons e. introns

exons

Bacteria can respond quickly to their surroundings, such as in the presence of an abundant food source. This is because: a. all bacterial genes are constitutive. b. genes for functionally related enzymes are always under positive control. c. genes for functionally related enzymes are always constitutive. d. genes for functionally related enzymes are regulated together in operons. e. efficient protein degradation removes unneeded proteins quickly.

genes for functionally related enzymes are regulated together in operons.

What are the inactive genes associated with tightly packed chromatin in eukaryotic transcription? a. heterochromatin b. heterodimers c. zinc fingers d. leucine zippers e. euchromatin

heterochromatin

Which enzyme exemplifies posttranslational chemical modification by adding a phosphate group? a. proinsulin b. ubiquitin c. kinases d. proteases e. phosphatases

kinases

Which DNA binding domain is a dimer, and is held together by hydrophobic interactions involving side chains of amino acids? a. zinc finger b. activator c. heterodimer d. leucine zipper e. helix-turn-helix

leucine zipper

Which enzyme is used to covalently link two DNA fragments to form a stable recombinant DNA molecule? a. telomerase b. deoxyribose c. polymerase d. helicase e. ligase

ligase

Which of the following is made from DNA? a. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA b. rRNA only c. tRNA only d. mRNA and tRNA only e. mRNA only

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Polyploidy: a. may be the result of more than one sperm fertilizing an egg b. is the mechanism of dosage compensation c. is not lethal in humans d. can be due to nondisjunction for a chromosome

may be the result of more than one sperm fertilizing an egg

Which type of molecule can cause RNA interference? a. mRNA b. snRNA c. SRP RNA d. tRNA e. miRNA

miRNA

Turner syndrome is an example of a __________ condition. a. fragile site b. polyploid c. trisomic d. monosomic

monosomic

What must tRNAs bind to during translation? a. ribosome b. exon c. phosphate d. codon e. nucleus

ribosome

In genomic imprinting: a. the expression of a gene depends on the parental phenotype. b. only dominant traits are expressed. c. the expression of a gene in the progeny depends upon which parent the gene is inherited from. d. a gene is imprinted in the progeny, depending upon the age of the parent.

the expression of a gene in the progeny depends upon which parent the gene is inherited from.

Karyotyping is useful for determining: a. the presence of sickle cell anemia b. the presence of recessive traits c. whether gene mutations have occurred d. the number of chromosomes in an individual

the number of chromosomes in an individual

Which genetically engineered medical product is used to treat a stroke caused by a blood clot? a. human growth hormone b. tissue growth factor- c. tissue plasminogen activator d. gene therapy

tissue plasminogen activator

What is the most common form of gene expression regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes? a. posttranslational-level control b. transcriptional-level control c. translational-level control d. posttranscriptional-level control e. constitutive-level control

transcriptional-level control