BSC2011 Quiz 2

If you were to do a X^2 test on the data, what would the expected value be for the individuals with white fur and blue eyes?

9.375

Ordinal data

Have an order to them (can be discrete or continuous) -Discrete-Categories that have an order (Months) -Continuous-Have an order and are not categories (Height)

What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 assuming independent assortment?

9:3:3:1

Dihybrid

A hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes

Monohybrid

A hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to one specific gene

What is the difference between an allele and a gene (locus)?

An allele is a particular version of a gene

Based on what you know, what kind of cross is being done here?

Autosomal dihybrid cross

The allele for white hair in mice is autosomal recessive (b), while the allele for black hair is autosomal dominant (B). A white, female mouse mates with a black, male mouse. If the offspring are half black and half white, what are the possible genotypes for the black, male mouse?

Bb only

You have guinea pigs from two pure breeding lines. One line has black fur and red eyes and the other line has white fur and blue eyes. When you cross them, all the F1 guinea pigs have black fur and blue eyes. When you cross the F1s to one another, you get a total of 50 F2 offspring. There are 31 with black fur and red eyes, 15 with white fur and blue eyes, 2 with white fur and red eyes, and 2 with black fur and blue eyes. There are approximately equal numbers of males and females in each phenotypic category. Which alleles are dominant?

Black fur, blue eyes

What type of data is analyzed using a chi-squared (x^2) test?

Counts

A cell in the nervous system of a late stage fetus is?

Determined and differentiated

A cell of an embryo that still resembles the original cells of that embryo but will eventually form the spinal cord is?

Determined only

Categorical data

Distinct categories that have no order

Regulatory genes

Genes that are typically activated during determination

What do I do with chi-squared test results?

If p<0.05, we can reject the null, meaning observed and expected are different, means we have an inaccurate model. It is opposite in t-test

Law of Segregation

Only one allele per locus is present in each gamete

Control of Gene Expression

The control of transcription of DNA and translocation of mRNA

Regeneration

The production of a new structure, following the removal of an existing structure, in an adult animal

Why is it important to use individuals from pure breeding lines to start crosses?

To ensure the individuals are homozygous

The allele for white hair in mice is autosomal recessive (b), while the allele for black hair is autosomal dominant (B). A white, female mouse mates with a black, male mouse. What are the possible genotypes for the white, female mouse?

bb only

Degrees of Freedom

n-1

Chi-squared test equation

x^2=Sigma(O-E)^2/E