BSCI 330 Final

Motif

A protein domain that is found in many related proteins is called a(n)

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol

A question on beer: Which of the following is true about the production of alcohol by fermentation?

stress fibers

Activation of the Rho GTPase leads to bundling of actin microfilaments into a structure called:

Two different substances in opposite directions

Antiporters are transporters that move:

30%

LINEs and SINEs make up approximately ___ of the human genome.

They always move to pre-designated places inside an organism.

Metastasis is a particularly difficult problem to tackle in cancers. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer metastases?

Can be found in plants and animals, Can respond to many different inputs, and integrate this information, Can produce a complex spatial and temporal output as development proceeds

Regulation at the drosophila 'Eve' gene exemplifies complex control regions that:

Final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain

What is the role of molecular oxygen during glucose metabolism?

The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell and its internal components, Cytoskeletal proteins like actin and tubulin are highly conserved over evolution

What is true about the Cytoskeleton?

Positive

What kind of feedback loop ensures robust start of events during the cell cycle.

True

When the mutation rates of E. coli and humans are normalized per round of DNA replication, the rates are very similar.

Large proteins and RNA can move from one cell to another.

When two cells are connected together by gap junctions, which of the following is NOT true?

Kinases

Which class of enzymes covalently add phosphate groups to proteins?

They both require reverse transcriptase for movement.

Which is TRUE about both retroviral-like retrotransposons and nonretroviral retrotransposons?

RNA Processing, Transcriptional, Protein activity

Which of the following accurately describes how a cell can control the proteins it makes?

Signaling molecule acts on the same cell that secreted it

Which of the following accurately describes how signaling molecules act in autocrine signaling?

Nucleating proteins

Which of the following classes of actin binding proteins promote the slow initial steps of microfilament formation, the coming together of the first handful of G-actin monomers?

Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, exterior of the cell

Which of the following compartments is topologically similar to the ER?

cAMP activates protein kinase A by binding to a regulatory site distinct from the active site

Which of the following describes an allosteric regulator?

Their function is enhanced by DNA polymerase

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe riboswitches:

nuclear membrane

Which of the following does NOT contribute to reducing the error rate of DNA replication?

Ability of charged molecules to readily diffuse through membranes

Which of the following does not result from the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

The concentration of a signaling molecule is not important for the cellular response.

Which of the following is FALSE about signaling molecules?

Both involve the reduction of NAD+ to NADH

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of glucose oxidation and photosynthesis?

Protein structures are rigid and inflexible

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the domain structure of proteins?

GPCRs bind to hydrophobic ligands and translocate to the nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a feature of G-protein-coupled receptor mediated signaling?

Separation of chromosomes in mitosis

Which of the following is NOT a role for actin-myosin complexes?

Generation of ATP by ATP synthase via chemiosmosis

Which of the following is NOT an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Ran-GDP

Which of the following is NOT required for export of a protein from the nucleus to the cytosol?

It forms an amphipathic alpha helix

Which of the following is NOT true about an ER signal sequence?

It always requires an input of energy

Which of the following is NOT true about protein folding?

The DNA helicase is loaded on the lagging strand template

Which of the following is TRUE about DNA replication?

Multiple zinc finger domains can be strung together to recognize a long sequence.

Which of the following is TRUE about zinc finger proteins?

Concentration of cargo in a specialize vesicle, Vesicle fusion with plasma membrane, Secretion depends on signals from outside the cell

Which of the following is a feature of regulated secretion?

Allows the ribosome to bind to an internal sequence instead of the 5' cap

Which of the following is a function of an IRES?

Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes

Which of the following is a possible property of a prokaryotic cell

Alternative splicing can generate different protein sequences from the same original RNA sequence

Which of the following is a property of RNA splicing?

Allow multiple points of entry, so a variety of substrates can be utilized, Allow multiple points of regulation, Generate new biomolecules that can be used by the cell

Which of the following is a property of metabolic cycles (such as the citric acid cycle)?

It is folded into cristae

Which of the following is a property of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Provide mechanical strength to the cell

Which of the following is a role for intermediate filaments?

Interacts with t-SNARE on target membrane to initiate vesicle fusion

Which of the following is a role for v-SNARE?

Transport of a protein from the cytosol to the ER

Which of the following is an example of transmembrane transport?

RITS complex

Which of the following is involved in the siRNA pathway but NOT the microRNA pathway?

Phosphatidylcholine

Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?

Microfibers

Which of the following is not a major component of the cytoskeleton

TOM

Which of the following is required for transport of a protein from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix?

Nucleosome

Which of the following is the LEAST condensed form of DNA?

Thylakoid membrane

Which of the following is the location of an electron transport chain?

GTP is hydrolyzed at several important steps, the catalytic component of the ribosome is composed of RNA, The translation initiation complex contains a special initiator tRNA

Which of the following is true about the process of translation?

They are bound to GDP

Which of the following is true about tubulin subunits at the MINUS end of a microtubule?

They often work by positioning metal ions at the active sites and they can have secondary structure

Which of the following is true of both ribozymes and proteins?

Enzymes speed up reactions by decreasing the activation energy

Which of the following is true of enzyme catalysis?

They move from minus end to plus end on microtubules

Which of the following is true of kinesins?

Light reactions lead to the production of ATP and NADPH

Which of the following is true of photosynthesis?

Activating glucose by phosphorylation, Transporting pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondrion, Fixing carbon in the Calvin cycle

Which of the following metabolic steps requires the expenditure of energy?

The fluid mosaic model

Which of the following models describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Choride ions

Which of the following molecules CANNOT simply diffuse across a lipid bilayer?

Chloroplast

Which of the following organelles is surrounded by a double-membrane (i.e. two complete lipid bilayers) structure?

KDEL receptor

Which of the following receptors is involved in retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER?

Ions and small molecules can diffuse freely through the pores, but larger molecules require active transport mechanisms to pass through the pores

Which of the following statements about nuclear pores is TRUE?

The individual ribosome subunits are assembled in the nucleolus, a substructure of the nucleus

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

A three-base codon system contains 24 possible codons

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE?

It is supported by the meshwork of the nuclear lamina, It is continuous with the endoplamic reticulum, It has a double-membrane (two lipid bilayers) structure

Which of the following statements about the nuclear membrane is TRUE?

There is asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane of animal cells is TRUE?

It provides rigidity to animal cells

Which of the following statements about turgor pressure is FALSE?

The Kd will increase but Vmax will not change

Which of the following will occur when an enzyme binds a competitive inhibitor?

Scanning electron microscopy

Which of these techniques has the HIGHEST level of resolution?

charge-charge interactions, having multiple contacts, having complementary shapes

What contributes to the affinity of protein binding to a ligand?

Ribosome assembly

What is the function of the nucleolus?

By coupling shape changes to ATP hydrolysis

How are molecular pump proteins able to generate directional motion, when protein shape changes are reversible?

They are held together by non-covalent interactions

How are the monomer subunits of cytoskeletal proteins held together to form long fibers?

During the light reactions, to replace the electrons lost by Photosystem II

At what point in photosynthesis is water split?

They are secreted proteins.

Cadherins are an important class of molecules that help cells stick together. Which of the following is NOT true about them?

increases; ligand-gated Ca2+ ion channels

Calcium ion concentration in the cytosol _____ upon activation of _____ in the ER by the second messenger inositol triphosphate.

Euchromatin contains DNA sequences that are not expressed, including the centromeres.

DNA in the nucleus is packaged as chromatin. Which of the following statements about chromatin is FALSE?

It is covalently attached to an amino acid

How is a tRNA "charged"?

Protect the 5' end of the RNA from degradation in the cytosol, Serve as a binding site for the ribosome, Interact with the 3' poly-A tail to enhance translation

Functions of the 5' methylguanosin cap

Modification of N-linked glycosylation on proteins, attachment of O-linked glycosylation to proteins, Sorting of proteins to other organelles

Functions of the Golgi apparatus

False

The 5' UTR, but NOT the 3' UTR, may be involved in regulating translation.

Thymidine

The S phase can be visualized using bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Which i base in DNA is BrdU an analog of?

True

The Shine-Dalgarno sequences are binding sites for prokaryotic ribosomes

True

The addition of nucleotides by DNA polymerase during DNA synthesis requires a primer.

It is mostly made up of RNA and proteins.

The extracellular matrix is a complex environment in animals. Which of the following is NOT true about that environment?

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

What are the major components of the Cytoskeleton?

Adherens junctions and desmosomes

What are the two types of anchoring junctions that link cytoskeletons in adjacent cells?

Hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and amine groups in the peptide backbone

The secondary structure of a protein is held together by which of the following?

False

The semiconservative nature of DNA replication means that some parts of a DNA molecule are replicated and other parts are not.

phosphodiester bond

This class of covalent bond links two nucleotides in a nucleic acid

Pectin

This component of the plant cell wall forms a gel that provides resistance to compression.

Condensation

This type of reaction combines two smaller molecules (such as two amino acids) to form a larger one.

True

True or False - Connective tissues such as bone are made of cells held in a matrix.

True

True or False - Ribosomal RNA acts as a ribozyme, catalyzing peptide bond formation in protein synthesis.

True

True or False: Connexons are units that join two cells to form gap junctions.

True

True or False: Formation of the mitotic spindle is essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotic cells.

False

True or False: Intracellular signaling molecules that relay a signal after its reception by a receptor are never arranged as complexes

False

True or False: Most gene regulatory proteins make contacts with the minor groove of DNA.

True

True or False: You can create a whole frog from the nucleus of one of its skin cells by combining that nucleus with an egg cell without a nucleus.

False

True or false: Glycolysis occurs in mitochondria

True

True/False - Even in the absence of any harmful agents, the longer we live the greater our chance of getting cancer.

Ability to determine structure of macromolecular complexes

which of the following is not an advantage of light microscopy?