BSIS part #2

Slicing and dicing

analyzing the data on subsets of the dimensions

Execution cycle

basic operation cycle of a computer. It is the process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction requires, and carries out those actions.

Dimension tables

contain classification information used to define how your facts/data are to be aggregated or summarized, for example, by location, time period, store, type of product, etc

Data Repositories

data are stored in different places where people needing access to that data can easily access it.

Controls hardware

device management

Data mining

explores massive amounts of traditional data to search for patterns in the data that were not previously known.

Big Data

involves primarily non-numeric data such as emails, voice recordings, videos, social networking data, etc.

RFID

A tag that allows one to identify a product, person, key, or animal by the radio signals it emits. Used to tag pets, prevent shoplifting, and in intelligent car keys

Bit

(A bit is the basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can have only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state device. The most common representation of these values are 0 and1. The term bit is a contraction of binary digit)

Byte

(A byte is a unit of measurement used to measure data. One byte contains eight binary bits, or a series of eight zeros and ones. Therefore, each byte can be used to represent 2^8 or 256 different values.)

Control unit

(A control unit (CU) handles all processor control signals. It directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the other devices. It directs all input and output flow, fetches code for instructions from micro programs and directs other units and models by providing control and timing signals. A CU component is considered the processor brain because it issues orders to just about everything and ensures correct instruction execution)

Social media

(A term used to describe a variety of Web based platforms, applications and technologies that enable people to socially interact with one another online. It refers to the interactions among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks)

Main memory

(Also termed random access memory or RAM) is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit (CPU) via a memory bus. Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers. This is the largest memory area (gigabytes) connected directly to the CPU and it is slower than registers, but much faster than disk drive memory)

ALU

(An ALU is an integrated circuit within a CPU or GPU that performs arithmetic and logic operations. Arithmetic instructions include addition, subtraction, and shifting operations, while logic instructions include Boolean comparisons, such as AND, OR, XOR, and NOT operations. ALUs are designed to perform integer calculations. Therefore, besides adding and subtracting numbers, ALUs often handle the multiplication of two integers, since the result is also an integer.)

ERP systems

(An ERP system covers almost all areas of a business and stores all of the data in a single unified database. In addition, these systems are designed to almost totally eliminate data redundancy. Another benefit of these systems is that they enforce uniform business processes throughout the company)

Operating system

(An OS is software that communicates with the hardware and allows other programs to run. It is comprised of system software, or the fundamental files your computer needs to boot up and function. Every desktop computer, tablet and smart phone includes an operating system that provides basic functionality for the device. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.)

Registers

(Are a special high-speed storage area within the CPU. All data must be represented in a register before it can be processed. For example, if two numbers are to be multiplied, both numbers must be in registers, and the result is also placed in a register. (The register can contain the address of a memory location where data is stored rather than the actual data itself)

Passive tags

(Are smaller and lighter than active tags but have a shorter communication range and require a high-powered reader. Passive tags are generally read-only and as such, once it is programmed with data, that data cannot be modified. Passive tags contain no internal power source. They are externally powered and typically derive their power from the carrier signal radiated from the scanner )

Operational decisions

(Are the typical day-to-day decisions made in running a business)

Strategic Decisions

(Are those made at the highest-level of an organization and generally will have a long-term impact on the company. Examples of strategic decisions are whether to build a new production facility, whether to develop and introduce a new product line, the hiring or dismissal of high level executives, etc. Each of these decisions can have a significant influence on the success and maybe even the survival of the company.)

BYOD

(BYOD is a phrase that has become widely adopted to refer to employees who bring their own computing devices: smart phones, laptops and PDAs to the workplace for use and connectivity on the corporate network. It's the policy of permitting employees to bring personally owned mobile devices to their workplace, and use those devices to access privileged company information and applications)

BIOS

(Basic Input/Output System)

Hardware

(Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, CPU (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that you can actually touch.)

software

(Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs. Related terms such as software programs, applications, scripts and instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software. It's the software that knows which areas of memory contain instructions and which areas contain data.)

Accuracy

(Data accuracy is collecting data with freedom from mistake or error)

HTML

(Defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes. It's the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.)

Read/write heads

(Disk read/write heads are the small parts of a disk drive, that move above the disk platter and transform the platter's magnetic field into electrical current (read the disk) or vice versa - transform electrical current into magnetic field (write the disk)

XML

(Extensible Markup Language) Is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It allows designers to create their own customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications and between organizations )

Peripheral

(I/O) devices (A computer peripheral is any external device that provides input and output (I/O) for the computer. They expand the capabilities of a computer. For example, a keyboard and mouse are input peripherals, while a monitor and printer are output peripherals. Computer peripherals, or peripheral devices, are sometimes called "I/O devices" because they provide input and output for the computer. There are three different types of peripherals: Input, used to interact with, or send data to the computer (mouse, keyboards, etc.), output, which provides output to the user from the computer (monitors, printers, etc.) and storage, which stores data processed by the computer (hard drives, flash drives, etc.)

Initial program load

(IPL - Also known as booting up) is the initial set of operations that a computer system performs when electrical power to the CPU is switched on or when the computer is reset. The process begins when a computer is turned on for the first time or is re-energized after being turned off or when it is reset, and ends when the computer is ready to perform its normal operations. The main task of IPL is to load the operating system.)

Relevance

(In regards to data, it's data that can be retrieved that satisfies the needs of the user)

Accessibility

(In regards to data, it's having the data available to the people authorized to use the data when these people need to use the data. With many companies operating worldwide this means that the system must be available and accessible almost 24 hours a day 7 days a week.)

Timeliness

(In regards to data, it's having the data readily available in a suitable time. At present time this usually means that data is captured, stored and accessed in real time)

Usability

(In regards to data, its data that is convenient and practicable for use. It's useful data to the company)

I/O bus

(Is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. The I/O bus is the pathway used for input and output devices to communicate with the computer processor)

Structured data

(Is a fixed format that is readily available internal data. When dealing with operational decisions, the decision can be made using only the available structured data.)

Virtualization

(Is a methodology in which either one physical computer can be made to appear to be multiple computers or many computers can appear to be one computer. Applies to all types of hardware. Allows for a single platform to assume many roles. Increases the capabilities while reducing costs.)

Cloud computing

(Is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. Cloud computing is the next stage in the Internet's evolution, providing the means through which everything — from computing power to computing infrastructure, applications, business processes to personal collaboration — can be delivered to you as a service wherever and whenever you need it.)

Completeness

(Is essentially data of high quality. It is complete when it fits the demands of the intended user in operations, decision-making and planning. Data is considered complete when it represents reality)

ROM

(Is memory containing hardwired instructions that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. The instructions are read from a small program in the ROM, called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). ROM is usually stored on a separate memory chip)

Bleeding edge

(Is technology that is acquired almost immediately after its release, regardless of the increased cost or risk involved. Bleeding edge technology is most popular among innovators and early adopters, and is often seen as related to terms "leading edge" and "cutting edge." But it is not to be confused with leading edge or cutting edge.)

CPU

(Is the hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This is the pretty much the brain of your computer (the thinking part of the system). It processes everything from basic instructions to complex functions. Any time something needs to be computed, it gets sent to the CPU. The CPU can also be referred to simply as the "processor." In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system )

3-D printing

(Is the process of making a three dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes.3D printing is also considered distinct from traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling subtractive processes. The 3D printing technology is used for both prototyping and distributed manufacturing with applications in industrial design, architecture, construction, automotive, military, etc.)

Trailing edge

(Is waiting for the last minute to commit to a new technology. It refers to companies that are extremely risk adverse to technology and wait until the success of the technology is a certainty. At this point adopting technology becomes a defensive strategy. They have been put at a competitive disadvantage and their only choice is to commit to the new technology)

HTTP

(It's the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page)

Leading edge

(Leading and innovative IT industry organizations are often referred to as "cutting edge." Cutting edge technology refers to technological devices, techniques or achievements that employ the most current and high-level IT developments)

Motherboard

(Main board or logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. If you ever open your computer, the biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. Attached to the motherboard, you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports)

Integrity

(One of the most important data aspects is that of data integrity. This means that first of all the data is initially correct when entered into the system and then remains accurate throughout its useful life. An important concept of data integrity is the lack of data redundancy. If the same data item is stored multiple times, then there is a good chance that this data item will have inconsistent values)

PSW

(Or the control register) it holds much of the status information the system needs in order to operate. It's a collection of information that encapsulates the basic execution state of a program at any instant. It permits an interrupted process to resume operation after the interrupt has been handled.)

Unstructured

(Refers to information that either does not have a pre-defined data model or is not organized in a predefined manner. It's the data that is used to assist in strategic decisions.)

RAM

(Refers to random access memory (RAM) that can be accessed at the byte level such as the common DRAM and SRAM chips used in all computers. A single character can be read from or written into any memory byte. Byte addressing is essential to working on individual items of data. It enables fields in a record and characters in a field to be identified and processed independently of the rest. All RAM and ROM memory is byte addressable )

Actuator

(Same as access arm) it's the mechanical arm that moves the read/write head across the surface of a disk. The access arm is directed by instructions in the operating system to move the read/write head to a specific track on the disk. The rotation of the disk positions the read/write head over the required sector)

Semi-structured data

(Some of it is structured as with operational decision-making, but some of it is unstructured. The entities belonging to the same class may have different attributes even though they are grouped together, and the attributes' order is not important.)

Tactical Decisions

(Tactical decisions are sort of the middle of the road types of decisions. They are normally more important than operational decisions and will have a longer term impact on the company when compared to operational decisions. On the other hand, tactical decisions are not as important and do not have as long an impact as strategic decisions.)

Active tags

(Tags that use batteries as a partial or complete source of power to boost the effective operating range of the tag and to offer additional features over passive tags, such as temperature sensing. Active tags have an internal battery to power them and are usually RW (tag data can be rewritten and/or modified). Active tags generally can transmit their data over a longer distance, the tag itself is larger than a passive tag, and has a limited operational lifespan.)

Star schema

(The basic structure involved in building a data warehouse is a series of star schemas. These are simple two dimensional data structures that are subject oriented (for example, hiring in human capital management, sales activity by product line in marketing, accounts receivable management in accounting, etc.). While these structures can store large amounts of data, their simple structure allows for relatively fast access.)

Memory bus

(The memory bus is the computer bus, which connects the main memory to the memory controller in computer systems. The memory bus connects the memory system and the North bridge area of the chipset. This section of the chipset also connects directly to the central processing unit (CPU) and the graphics system.)

Card slots

(There are two completely different types of card slots in most computers. The memory card slots are used primarily to add memory to RAM, in the form of memory cards. Extra memory can be used in the processing of instructions and data. Access card slots (also called I/O card slots) are used to add peripheral devices to a system. This can include graphics cards, sound cards, networking cards, etc. These cards have external access so that the related devices can be attached to the system.)

OLAP systems

(These systems will store massive amounts of data that may go back with decades of historic data. They are designed differently than the OLTP systems in that they are optimized for reading and not writing. The data storage area is usually referred to as a data warehouse. Since the data warehouse structure emphasizes read efficiency, unlike the entity/relationship model used in OLTP systems, there will be much data redundancy in OLAP systems. The general rule is that OLAP systems will be somewhere around 100 times bigger than OLTP system)

OLTP systems

(They are used to run the business on a day-to-day basis. Hence, with respect to decision-making they are primarily involved in the operational decision making of a company and their data is strictly structured data. Most of the routine operational decisions are programmed into the ERP system. So decisions dealing with inventory levels, customer credit levels, product delivery dates, etc. are all automatically handled by the system)

URL

(Uniform Resource Locator): To use a browser to access a Web server, you must enter the server's addresses or URL. All Web addresses begin with seven characters: http://.)

Entity/relationship diagrams

(Usually called normalized database structure, accomplishes both the reduction of redundancy and optimized write speed very well. The ER structure is the relationship of entities to each other. An entity is a piece of data (an object or concept about which the data is stored). A relationship is how the data is shared between entities. There are three types of relationships between entities: one-to-one, one-to many and many-to-many.)

Platters

(is the circular disk on which magnetic data is stored in a hard disk drive. The rigid nature of the platters in a hard drive is what gives them their name (as opposed to the flexible materials which are used to make floppy disk). Hard drives typically have several platters, which are mounted on the same spindle. A platter can store information on both sides, requiring two heads per platter. Magnetic metal or ceramic disk located inside the computer hard drive that holds the actual data)

IaaS

- This is less complete than the SaaS cloud service. In this situation the customer gets access to a computer that is configured with respect to everything except for the application software. The customer is responsible for installing all applications and also manages their maintenance and use. This is a good option for companies that are developing software, but don't want to deal with configuring the operating system, networking, database, etc. All of that basic functionality is the responsibility of the cloud supplier.

Spindle

...

Hexadecimal arithmetic

0101 1011 = 5B

World wide web

A system for finding information on the Internet through the use of linked documents

Mobile device management

Enables discovering, inventorying, and reporting on hardware inventory, software inventory, file collection, software distribution, and mobile device configuration items

Fact table

Fact Table contains the measurements or metrics or facts of business process. If your business process is "Sales" , then a measurement of this business process such as "monthly sales number" is captured in the Fact table. Fact table also contains the foriegn keys for the dimension tables.

GPR's

General purpose registers (GPR) are not used for storing any specific type of information. Instead operands as well as addresses are stored at the time of program execution.

Types of instructions

Load, store, add, compare, and branch

Security issues with social media

Privacy and sensitivity

SaaS

This is the situation where a vendor on the Internet provides all services to the customer including running the software and anything dealing with supporting the application. Workday, a company that heavily recruits here at CSU Chico, is an SaaS provider. They provide services with respect to human resource management. So their customers run their HRM processes strictly on the Workday systems and Workday does the processing, stores the data and backs up the data for all of their customers. SaaS is the most complete of the cloud services offered.

Key figures

Recorded over time as transactional data in ERP systems. You can find them in receipts such as invoice, delivery note, order confirmation, etc.

Additive manufacturing

Technologies that create objects through a sequential layering process. Combining multiple elemental components, each of which is usually obtained through subtractive processes.

PaaS

This is the least functional way of providing cloud services. The cloud provider is essentially providing the hardware to the customer. The customer is responsible for installing the operating system, database software, all other supporting software and the applications. Again, this is a way that developers can access computer resources without having to physically manage the hardware

ERP failures

Trying to do too much too fast in the conversion process and Failure to do enough data conversion and testing

Decision pyramid

When it comes to decisions- Strategic is at the top then tactical then operation at the bottom...when it comes to data pyramid unstructured is at the top, semi-stuctered in middle and structured at the bottom

Risk appetite

the amount of risk a company is willing to accept to achieve its goals and objectives

subtractive manufacturing

the manufacture of 3D parts by removing (cutting) unwanted material from a block