BTNY 110 Final Exam Practice
Invasive plant species cause the loss of biodiversity weakens the already fragmented natural systems. A. True B. False
A
Naturally occurring complex chemical compounds can cause cancer when repeatedly consumed over a long period of time. A. True B. False
A
A _________ environment is one that is constantly or predictably difficult while a _________ environment is unpredictable. A. stressful/disturbed B. disturbed/stressful
A
A monocot has ______ cotyledon(s). A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 8
A
A potato is an example of a modified plant organ that helps this plant store food. This organ is a: A. stem B. leaf C. root
A
All of these plants only use C3 photosynthesis except A. Maize B. Wheat C. Rice D. Soybeans E. Potatoes
A
Breeding and propagation are performed for all of the following reasons: to combine desirable genetic traits, to enhance genetic traits, to increase numbers for production, and to preserve desirable genetic traits. A. True B. False
A
Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry. A. True B. False
A
Commensalism occurs between two organisms when one organism benefits and there is no effect on the other organism. A. True B. False
A
Complex traits can involve several genes interacting with one another in both positive and negative ways. A. True B. False
A
Cycads have separate male and female plants. A. True B. False
A
Domesticated crops can be quite different from their wild ancestors. A. True B. False
A
Far-red light makes phytochrome active and triggers germination of lettuce seeds. A. True B. False
A
Ferns have a free-living gametophyte stage. A. True B. False
A
For some loci, heterozygotes can outperform either homozygous genotype. A. True B. False
A
Fungi are better than plants at acquiring nutrients from the soil because fungal hyphae have a larger surface area than plant roots. A. True B. False
A
Genes encoding for Bt toxins have been isolated from _______, modified, and transferred into various crop plants to protect the crop from insect pests. A. bacteria B. daffodil C. jellyfish D. firefly E. bollworm
A
If the shoot apex is removed from an oat seedling, phototropism no longer occurs. A. True B. False
A
In prokaryotes, spores are ______. A. specialized dormant cells that can survive harsh conditions B. specialized cells that "fix" nitrogen from the atmosphere C. specialized cells that produce gametes D.specialized cells involved in nutrient acquisition
A
Spores are NOT the same as gametes. A. True B. False
A
The female gametophyte remains attached to the parent plant in conifers. A. True B. False
A
The forested land was aggressively cleared in Indiana during the past two centuries. A. True b. False
A
The formation of seeds can occur in some plants in the absence of fertilization. A. True B. False
A
The group Ginkophyta has only one species in it. A. True B. False
A
The theory of evolution by natural selection explains how the diversity of organisms develops and changes over time. A. True B. False
A
To produce transgenic plants, the DNA that is transferred must integrate into a chromosome in the nucleus of the plant cell. A. True B. False
A
Trade in spices was a driver of human exploration. A. True B. False
A
Warm air holds more water than cold air. A. True B. False
A
What is the correct sequence of events in the development of xylem via programmed cell death? A. Rings of lignin form around side walls, end walls between cells dissolve, nucleus degenerates B. Rings of lignin form around side walls, nucleus degenerates, end walls between cells dissolve C. Nucleus degenerates, rings of lignin form around side walls, end walls between cells dissolve D. End walls between cells dissolve, nucleus degenerates, rings of lignin form around side wall
A
What kind of plants do best in high stress, low disturbance environments? A. stress tolerators B. ruderals C. native plants D. invasive plants E. competitors
A
Which is the definition of the term Gene Pool? A. The collection of alleles in a population B. A source of new genetic mutations that natural selection can act on C. The raw material for genetic variation
A
Which of the following statements about genetic material in eukaryotes is NOT true? A. Mitochondria do not have their own genome. B. Chloroplasts have their own genome separate from the nuclear genome. C. DNA analysis has shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once separate prokaryotes. D. Many genes from the chloroplast genome have been transferred to the nuclear genome.
A
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of hormones in plants? A. Plant hormones are produced by specialized organs B. Plant hormones can interact with each other C. Plant hormones function at very low concentrations D. Plant hormones can have multiple effects E. Plant hormones can be transported within the plant
A
In a eukaryote, messenger RNA is produced in the ______. A. Cytoplasm B. Nucleus C. Ribosome D. Vacuole
B
A diploid organism that reproduces asexually will produce offspring that are _________. A. Haploid B. Diploid C. Triploid D. Tetraploid E. Hexaploid
B
Angiosperms lack a gametophyte stage in their life cycle. A. True B. False
B
Asexual reproduction involves: A. Meiosis B. Mitosis C. The alternation of meiosis and mitosis
B
C4 plants have evolved mechanisms to increase the concentration of ______ available for ______. A. O2/ RUBISCO B. CO2/ RUBISCO C. O2/PEP carboxylase D. Malate/PEP carboxylase E. pyruvate/ RUBISCO
B
Caffeine, nicotine and morphine are examples of what group of molecules found in plants? A. Carbohydrates B. Secondary metabolites C. Proteins D. Lipids E. Nucleic Acids
B
Cytokinins are mainly produced in the leaves of the plant. A. True B. False
B
For propagation, auxin is used to stimulate _______ of plant cuttings A. lateral branching B. root growth C. leafing D. fruit ripening E. stem elongation
B
How many PGAL molecules are required to create one 6-carbon sugar? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6 E. 6-carbon sugars are not made from PGAL
B
In Mendel's monohybrid crosses, the F1 generation only expressed one of the parental traits. The expressed trait was __________ and the other trait was ____________. A. Recessive/Dominant B. Dominant/Recessive
B
It requires hundreds of complex genetic changes to go from teosinte to maize. A. True B. False
B
Many dwarf varieties of plants either do not produce abscisic acid or do not respond to abscisic acid. A. True B. False
B
Plants that are touched regularly are taller and flower earlier than untouched plants. A. True B. False
B
Prokaryotes can reproduce sexually. A. True B. False
B
Some of Mendel's crosses resulted in a blending of the parental traits. For example, crosses between white and purple flowers produced light- or pale-purple flowers. A. True B. False
B
Spring ephemerals in the temperate deciduous forest complete their life cycle after the canopy trees leaf out. A. True B. False
B
The first step in respiration involves the splitting of a 6-carbon sugar; this is called: A. glucogenesis B. glycolysis C. photolysis D. acetylation E. pyrolysis
B
The industrialization of agriculture has led to ______ genetic variation. A. an increase in B. a loss of
B
The long term use of PSII inhibitors such as atrazine is safe since animals lack the target of this group of herbicides. A. True B. False
B
The monomer unit of DNA is a __________ . A. Nitrogenous Base B. Nucleotide C. Nucleoside D. Phosphate E. Amino acid
B
The most recent glaciation event in Indiana ended about _______ years ago. A. 2,000 B. 20,000 C. 200,000 D. 2 million E. 65 million
B
The name of the tissue that conducts sugars throughout the plant is: A. xylem B. phloem C. mesophyll D. cork cambium E.epidermis
B
The seed consists of ______ surrounded by nutritive tissue. A. a fruit B. an embryo C. a gamete D. a spore E. an ovary
B
The succession of plants on abandoned farmland is a classic example of _________ succession. A. Primary B. Secondary C. Cyclic D. Invasive
B
What combination of environmental conditions provides plants with a challenging but stable environment? A. High stress, high disturbance B. High stress, low disturbance C. Low stress, high disturbance D. Low stress, low disturbance
B
When calculating amino acid requirement intake, requirements per kg of body weight for children are less than for adults. A. True B. False
B
Who discovered penicillin? A. Louis Pasteur B. Alexander Fleming C. James Watson and Francis Crick D. Melvin Calvin
B
Glyphosate acts by inhibiting _________. A. photosystem II B. digestive enzymes in insect pests C. the production of aromatic amino acids D. proper seed germination E. vacuolar uptake of Na+
C
If there is a small, charged molecule in the space outside a cell, which of the following represents the biggest barrier to it getting inside the cell? a. Hyperbaric diffusion b. The cell wall c. The cell membrane d. The phloem
C
In 1747, James Lind demonstrated that citrus fruits prevented scurvy. Scurvy is a condition caused by the lack of which vitamin? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B6 C. Vitamin C. D. Vitamin D E. Vitamin E
C
In a meristem you are most likely to find plant cells that are A. differentiating B. dead C. dividing D. elongating
C
In the dark, the COP1 protein represses the synthesis of ______ and blocks normal light development. A. auxin B. volatile organic compounds C. chlorophyll D. phyotchrome E. cryptochrome
C
One sperm fertilizes the ______ which develops into the ______. A. synergids/embryo B. polar nuclei/embryo C. egg/embryo D. egg/endosperm E. antipodals/endosperm
C
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis use the products from the light-dependent reactions to produce ________ from CO2. A. ethanol B. ATP and NADPH C. glucose D. oxygen E. pyruvate
C
To propagate plants using tissue culture, an explant is removed and placed on a synthetic medium containing everything the plant cells need to grow plus ______. A. gibberellins and auxin B. auxin and ethylene C. auxin and cytokinin D. gibberellins and abscisic acid
C
When Mendel allowed F1 plants to self-pollinate, he observed a _______ ratio of plants with the dominant trait to plants with the recessive trait in the F2 generation. A. 1:1 B. 2:1 C. 3:1 D. 4:1 E. 10:1
C
When seedlings are exposed to light from one side, auxin is concentrated A. in the shoot tip B. on the side of the stem closest to the light C. on the side of the stem away from the light D. at the base of the shoot E. in the apical meristem
C
Which of the following is NOT true about plants: A. produce food from CO2 and water B. produce essential amino acids C. plants are decomposers D. produce oxygen gas
C
Which of the following is NOT true concerning photoautotrophs? A. Photoautotrophs obtain their own organic food from inorganic matter B. Photoautotrophs use sunlight to obtain the energy they need C. Photoautotrophs obtain energy, organic compounds, and food from other organisms
C
Which of the following is TRUE about the Calvin cycle? A. The Calvin cycle operates only at night B. The Calvin cycle has two electron transport chains C. The Calvin cycle produces carbohydrates from CO2 D. The Calvin cycle takes place on the thylakoid membranes E. The Calvin cycle produces ATP and NADPH
C
Which of the following statements about the impact of global climate change is true? A In the northern hemisphere, biomes will move further south. B. As the tundra warms and thaws, it will trap more methane. C. Temperature change will be greater at the poles than the tropics. D. Overall precipitation will be more predictable because of increased temperatures. E. Flowering timing will not be affected
C
Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis? A. Golgi apparatus B. Peroxisomes C. Chloroplasts D. Mitochondria E. Cell wall
C
Which statement about the interaction between legumes and Rhizobium that is required for nitrogen fixation is NOT TRUE? A. This interaction is an example of mutualism between legumes and Rhizobium. B. Nitrogen fixation is important in crop production where nitrogen often is often the limiting nutrient. C. Nitrogen fixation occurs in leaves that are protected from oxygen by leghemoglobin. D. The enzyme that converts nitrogen to ammonia is very sensitive to oxygen.
C
Agriculture appears to have begun independently in at least ___ different places at about the same time. A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7 E. 9
D
Chlorophyll molecules are pigments that absorb A. heat B. protons C. electrons D. light E. free radicals
D
If you increase the amount of nitrogen that you add to a pot, what will happen to the biomass of the plants growing in that pot? A. plant biomass will remain constant and not be affected by the amount of nitrogen B. plant biomass will decrease in inverse proportion to the amount of nitrogen C. plant biomass will increase in direct proportion to the amount of nitrogen D. plant biomass will increase to a point where adding more nitrogen will have no effect E. plant biomass will decrease with small amounts of nitrogen, then increase with higher nitrogen
D
Sand dunes are characterized as a _____ stress, _____ disturbance environment A. low stress, low disturbance B. low stress, high disturbance C. high stress, low disturbance D. high stress, high disturbance
D
The theoretical maximum number of molecules of ATP that can be produced through metabolism of 1 molecule of glucose in respiration is: A. 48 B. 24 C. 2 D. 36 E. 10
D
When stomata are closed, the concentration of which major compound involved in photosynthesis declines in leaves? A. H2O B. ATP C. NADPH D. CO2 E. Chlorophyll
D
Which nutrient does an endomycorrhizal fungus provide to the plant in exchange for sugars when its hyphae enter the root and form arbuscules within the plant cells? A. Carbon B. Sulfur C. Nitrogen D. Phosphorous E. Potassium
D
Which of the following is not true about land trusts? A. Land trusts accept donations of properties. B. Land trusts are involved in the permanent protection of land. C. Land trusts are non-profit organizations. D. Land trusts do not help landowners establish legal restrictions that limit development on land.
D
Which of the following statements about cell expansion is FALSE? A. Cell expansion in shoots occurs in the zone just behind the apical meristem B. Cell expansion increases the size of cells C. Cell expansion is largely driven by increasing the volume of the vacuole D. During cell expansion, the nuclear envelope breaks down E. The cell wall must loosen before the cell can expand
D
Which of the following statements about ribosomes is FALSE? A. Ribosomes have two subunits, a large and a small. B. Ribosomes are made of several proteins and some RNA molecules. C. Ribosomes organize the process of protein synthesis. D. Ribosomes remove the introns from the mRNA transcript
D
Which of the following statements is NOT true about land plants? A. All land plants share a common ancestor with green algae. B. Land plants grow from apical meristems. C. Some land plants lack true roots, stems, and leaves. D. The sporophyte generation of all land plants develops from a seed. E. The gametophyte generation lives independently of the sporophyte generation in some land plants.
D
Which of these relationship is NOT an example of a mutualism? A. Soybeans - Rhizobium (bacterium) B. Azolla (Aquatic fern) - Anabaena azollae (cyanobacterium) C. Alder trees - Frankia (bacterium) D. Apple- Agrobacterium (bacterium) E. None of the above
D
Which plant hormone would you use to ripen green tomato fruit? A. auxin B. gibberellin C. abscisic acid D. ethylene E. cytokinin
D
Which of these hormones regulates senescence of flower petals? A. abscisic acid B. auxin C. cytokinin D. ethylene E. gibberellin
D.
In the Indiana woods some small plants grow and flower in early spring. This is a strategy to compete for A. nitrogen B. water C. heat D. phosphorus E. light
E
The direct product of the Calvin Cycle is a 3-carbon molecule called A. Phosphoglycerate (PGA) B. Ribulose C. Pyruvate D. Glucose E. Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL
E
Trichomes serve many functions and are also known as: A. Cork B. Cuticles C. Stomata D. Guard cells E. Leaf hairs
E
Which of the following allows you to unequivocally distinguish stems from roots? A. stems are green B. stems are strengthened with cellulose C. stems grow vertically D. stems have a vascular system E. stems have nodes
E
Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution by natural selection? A. Modification of a species by artificial selection. B. Comparing anatomy or physiology of different species to show relatedness. C. Tracking changes in DNA and proteins. D. Examining the fossil records. E. Body parts used more often become stronger and larger, while parts not used slowly waste away and disappear.
E
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas that contributes to the retention of energy for solar radiation? A. Water Vapor B. Carbon dioxide C. Methane D. Ozone E. Oxygen
E
Which of the following statements about photolysis is true? A. In photolysis water is split into hydrogen and oxygen. B. Protons produced by photolysis are used to produce NADPH. C. Hydrogen cations are a byproduct of photolysis. D. Photolysis literally means "light powered". E. Oxygen is produced by photolysis.
E
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The source of every organic molecule in animals ultimately is carbon that is fixed in photosynthesis B. Roots may serve as both a source and a sink of carbon C. In a growing plant, the amount of carbon fixed in photosynthesis exceeds the amount of carbon used in respiration D. Rubisco combines CO2 from the atmosphere with RuBP E. The light-independent reactions can run without any input from the light-dependent reactions
E
Which of the following statements is true about xylem transport? A. Smaller xylem vessels have a higher flow rate. B. Positive pressure in root xylem pumps water to shoots C. Transport in xylem is much slower than in phloem. D. Xylem transports sugars. E. Larger xylem vessels are prone to embolisms.
E
