BUAD 254 Independent Level

What kind of goal is best for jobs that are dynamic, but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined?

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Which of the following statements is true? CH 6

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Sharon recently visited the Mayan temple at Chitzen Itza in the Yucatan. She was humbled by its feeling of age and history, particularly because she is of Mayan descent. ________ is the emotion she is likely feeling.

Awe

When Harry has a perceived conflict with a co-worker, he will send them e-mails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of

CWB

_______ is the shared belief that drives people to help others who are suffering.

Compassion

"Individual differences" is a narrow category only used to describe the "Big Five" personality attributes.

False

A manager who displays independence of thought, action, and feelings is demonstrating Schwartz's value of conservation.

False

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, hygiene factors are more frequently associated with the content of the task being performed.

False

According to Skinner, unlearned reflexes are called operant behavior, and learned behavior is called respondent behavior.

False

Chef Jorge worked an intense lunch rush at his restaurant. When he took an afternoon break, Jorge struggled to remember any specific orders he had prepared. Jorge was demonstrating mindfulness.

False

Content theories of motivation focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.

False

Feedback has only one primary purpose for those who receive it: motivation.

False

Job involvement represents the extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role. This has nothing to do with job satisfaction.

False

Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job.

False

To achieve positive OB, an organization must pursue the key contributors of distributive justice, temperance, and virtuous leadership.

False

_______ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.

Flow

_______ occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties.

Indirect blindness

______ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.

Onboarding

________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

Organizational commitment

______ refers to how long we focus on an activity.

Persistence

Regarding the relative importance of personal and technical skills, which of the following is true?

Personal skills become more important as job level increases

_______ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of bouncing back from adversity.

Resilience

A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.

True

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

True

Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves and how we perceive the world.

True

Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects.

True

One cause of the increase in intelligence observed in developed countries is better nutrition.

True

Organizations should encourage positive deviance in the workplace.

True

The three effects of positive organizational behavior are amplifying, buffering, and positivity.

True

The two components of hope are willpower and waypower.

True

To practice conscious capitalism, an organization should be interdependent with stakeholders.

True

______ is the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

Valence

Gina says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." She is expressing

a high self-efficacy

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model?

advancement

When positive practices have an escalating effect on positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.

amplifying

People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors.

an external locus of control

_____ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.

autonomy

Personal attitudes affect _______ via ______.

behavior; intentions

You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking in restaurants.

behavioral

Which of the following is Step 1 in the three steps of the applied approach to problem solving?

define the problem

______ justice is the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated.

distributive

Spatial intelligence is likely to be most valuable to a

fighter pilot

A person who ___________ is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and effects environmental change.

has a proactive personality

Larry, a new lawyer at Dewey, Dewey, and Dewey, is under pressure to maximize his billable hours. If he doesn't bill enough hours, he will receive negative performance reviews and is likely to lose his job. Larry starts rounding up the minutes on each of his phone calls and meetings to the next 10-minute level. This is an example of

ill-conceived goals

Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences?

intelligence

The perspective that states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and situation factors is called the ______ perspective.

interactional

The potential to understand, connect with, and effectively work with others is ______ intelligence.

interpersonal

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

interpersonal intelligence

Santiago needs to study for an upcoming test in his business law course. His roommate is driving him crazy by singing and whistling. Santiago heads for the library and finds a quiet room in the back so he can study more effectively. Santiago is increasing his

mindfulness

A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

negative inequity

______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

negative reinforcement

Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback?

personal relationship with the feedback giver

The last step in effective performance management is

providing consequences

Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as

respondent behavior

The three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB are

restorative justice, compassion, and temperance

Donovan and Keith both work as line employees at the Widget Corporation plant. They are both big fans of the San Francisco Forty-Niners and meet at game times in local sports bars to watch the game. They are probably providing _______ to each other.

social companionship

People with very high levels of emotional stability __________ than people with moderate emotional stability.

tend to perform fewer OCBs

Samantha is ambitious and has taken a position with XYZ Corporation as a management trainee. She is looking forward to going through challenging projects as she rotates through several departments of the company over the next two years. However, she also just became engaged, and wants to spend time with her fiancé. Which of the following would best describe what Samantha is seeking?

total rewards

Schwartz's model suggests that

values may conflict with each other

Intelligence cannot be modified or altered.

False

Employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures, and routines are known as organizational values.

False

_________ is one characteristic that would describe an organization without positive OB.

Focus on wealth

Alanna, a hard-working and productive employee, quit because she couldn't get along with Roger, her new boss. All the other employees agreed and were also looking for new jobs. This would be diagnosed as a(n) _____ level problem.

Group

In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers.

True

In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological.

True

Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.

True

Research has found that some aspects of an individual's disposition are significantly associated with some aspects of job satisfaction, such as having autonomy or receipt of rewards.

True

Results published by the Association of American Colleges and Universities show business leaders generally find new employees to be deficiently prepared for their success in business.

True

Situations and people are both dynamic—they change.

True

Last week, a major construction project began on Brandon's normal route to work. After two days of getting angry and being late to work, Brandon found a new way to go which was slightly longer, but faster. Which of the following processes did Brandon engage in?

negative reinforcement

Jack set himself a goal of shooting a 79 or better on his local golf course before the end of spring. This is a ________ goal.

performance

Two branches of _______________________ management are management science and operations management.

quantitative

Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.

False

One of the components of virtuous leadership is charisma.

False

Step 1 of the performance management process is monitoring and evaluating performance.

False

Pride is a positive emotion. However, unchecked pride is hubris, which is not positive.

True

Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.

False

Self-esteem is a broad personality trait composed of self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability.

False

Job satisfaction has a negative association with OCB and a positive relationship with CWB.

False

The commonsense approach is about knowing which OB tools to use and under what circumstances.

False

The "organizing framework" for understanding and applying OB is based on the systems approach.

True

The most effective reinforcement schedules are variable ratio and variable interval.

True

The potential to learn and use spoken and written languages is known as linguistic intelligence.

True

Unethical behavior erodes trust, and also negatively affects cooperation in organizations.

True

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?

intrapersonal intelligence

Roger, a manager, knows that one of his employees values conformity and tradition. Roger should assign the employee to a job that includes

high respect, commitment, and acceptance

Motivation explains why we do the things we do.

True

Values tend to vary across generations because they are influenced by events in childhood and youth. For example, some parents lived through the Depression, and this experience led them to be risk takers in terms of their investments.

False

The person-situation distinction allows you to consider unique individual factors as well as situation factors that might be the source of the problem. If an employee leaves because his or her job has become boring and less meaningful, this reflects a(n) _______ factor.

Individual

A manager should use Schwartz's model to understand employees and assign them tasks that are consistent with their values.

True

A problem is a gap between an actual and a desired situation.

True

An instrumentality represents an individual's belief that a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance.

True

Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

True

Effective managers give employees timely and task-specific feedback about what they are doing right, as well as about what they are doing wrong.

True

Equity theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness.

True

Increasing the autonomy of a person's job is one effective way to increase that person's self-efficacy.

True

Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job.

True

Most people have the technical skills to succeed at higher-level jobs. However, as you rise through the hierarchy, your job generally will require a more developed set of soft skills.

True

People program themselves for success or failure by enacting their self-efficacy expectations.

True

People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.

True

Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

True

If unpredictable instances of a target behavior are reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.

Variable

What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?

dissolving

The _____ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.

equity

Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation?

equity theory

In the job characteristics model, the presence of skill variety, task identity, and task significance cause an employee to feel

experienced meaningfulness of the work

___________ occurs when an individual is "turned on to one's work because of the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well."

intrinsic motivation

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions?

locus of control

The need for belonging is part of the need for

love

The final step of the 3-Step Approach of the Organizing Framework is

make recommendations

Which of the following is not a soft skill?

operations

In the recency perceptual error, a person

over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period

Donna works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n)

psychological contract

Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted.

True

Managers can have great impact on fixed individual differences.

False

Our tendency to overlook the unethical behavior of another when it's in our interest to remain ignorant is called "the slippery slope."

False

Punishment decreases undesired behaviors but extinction increases undesired behaviors

False

The four skills most desired by employers are critical thinking, technical expertise, problem solving and financial management.

False

The goal of the job characteristics model is to promote low extrinsic motivation.

False

The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of individual, group, and organizational factors.

False