BUS 391 EXAM 2

define IP address

# that identifies a particular device

5 Primary activities of the value chain

1. inbound logistics 2. operations/manufacturing 3. outbound logistics 4. sales and marketing 5. customer service

define ISP (Internet service provider)

3 Main functions: provides internet access, serves as a gateway to the internet, and pays for the internet

how do organizations use BI? (4 categories)

4 main categories: informing, deciding, problem solving, and project management

define IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4=most common form, 4 decimal dotted notation IPv6=6 decimal dotted notation

what are the types of networks?

PAN, LAN, WAN, internet

what are the competitive advantages of using info systems?

Products: enhances existing products, create new product, differentiate products Process: lock in customers and buyers, lock in suppliers, raise barriers to market entry, establish alliances, reduce costs

3 levels of cloud service:

Sass(employees and customers), Paas(application developers and testers), Iaas(network architects and systems admin)

define activity

a business function that receives inputs and outputs

define repository

a collection of something (ex. raw materials or a database)

define data warehouse (acquiring data)

a facility for managing an organization's BI data

define protocol

a set of rules and data structures for organizing communications

define NLP- Natural Language Processing

ability of a computer system to understand human spoken language to answer questions

define AI- Artificial intelligence

ability of a machine to simulate human abilities such as vision, communication, recognition, learning, and decision making in order to reach a goal

what are the 3 primary activities in the BI process?

acquire data, perform analysis, and publish results

define URL (uniform resource locator)

address on the internet

define the client server era

allowed clients to send requests across the internet to servers (1990s-2000s) so there was internet but no modern cloud computing yet

define cloud computing architecture

allows employees and customers to access organizational data and applicants located in the cloud

define value

amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service

define unsupervised data mining

analysis's do not create a model or hypothesis prior to running the analysis EX. CLUSTERED ANALYSIS

define deep learning

applying neural networking to learning tasks

define DNS (domain name system)

assigns domain names to IP addresses (ex. cal poly portal is the name but the address would be a bunch of numbers)

define elastic

automatically adjusts for unpredictable demand, limits financial risk

what are the 5 forces that determine industry structure

bargaining power of customers, threat of substitution, bargaining power of supplies, threat of new entrants, rivalry

define strong AI

can complete all the same tasks as a human

define data lake

central repository for large amounts of raw, unstructured data

define dimension

characteristics of a measure

define data mining

classify and predict

define private clouds

cloud owned and operated for its own benefit, and is privately located

define internet

collection of networks you use when you send email or access a website (a network of networks)

define bluetooth

common wireless protocol used to make PAN connections (short distances)

why did companies start using VPN during covid?

companies have switched to remote working so they require VPNs for remote access to internal systems and online services

define database category

computers that run a DBMS that process requests to receive and store data

define server category

computers that run web servers and process application programs

define user category

computers/phones/mobile devices that have browsers that request/process webpages

define hybrid clouds

computing environment that combines public and private cloud environments

define neural network

computing system modeled after the human brain that is used to predict values and make observations

define transmission control protocol

core internet protocol that grantees the reliable delivery of packets

define cost

cost of inputs and outputs

4 competitive strategies

cost, differentiation, industry wide, focus

define reporting

create information about past performance

define measure

data item of interest

define supervised data mining

data miners develop a model prior to the analysts and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model EX. REGRESSION ANALYSIS

define three tier architecture

design of users and computers with 3 categories: user, server, database

define router

device that connects different networks together

define margin

difference between the value that an activity generates and the cost of the activity

define scalable

easily able to respond to incremental growth in demand

define machine learning

extraction of knowledge from data based on algorithms creates from training data

define big data

find patterns and relationships in big data

define weak AI

focused on completing a single specific task

define first mover advantage

gaining market share by being the first develop a new technology in a market segment

define second mover advantage

gaining market share by following a pioneer company and imitating its product or service

define http

hypertext transfer protocol, used for fetching resources

define dirty data

inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent data

what are the driving forces of AI innovation?

increases in computing power, availability of large data sets for training, cloud scalability and applications, increased device connectivity, new AI techniques, practical AI applications

5 forces flow order

industry structure, competitive strategy, value chains, business processes, info systems

define business intelligence systems

info systems that process operational, social, and other data to identify patterns, relationships, and trends for use by business pros and other knowledge workers

define linkages

interactions across value activities

define public clouds

internet based cloud services available to anyone

define granularity

is the data too fine or not fine enough?

define mainframe era

large-scale high speed centralized computers for their internal data processing methods (1960s-1980s)

what is LAN

local area network- connects devices that reside in a single geographical location on the premises of the company that operates the LAN

define on-premises

locally installed and configured info systems

why has the cloud become "the choice"?

lower costs, ubiquitous access, improved scalability, elasticity, virtualization technology, flexible standardized processing capabilities.

define switching costs

make it difficult for customers to switch to another product to keep them locked in

define turing test

method of inquiry in AI for determining whether or not a computer is capable of thinking like a human being. if a human does not know if they are interacting with a human or machine, then the machine passed the test

define business processes

network of activities that generate value by transforming inputs and outputs

define value chain

network of value creating activities

define WAN wireless (5G) with example

next generation (5th generation tech standard for cellular networks) ex. cellular

define OLAP

online analytical processing,

define hadoop

open source program supported by the apache foundation that implements map reduce on potentially thousands of computers

what are the sources data for BI systems

operational databases, social data, purchased data, and employee knowledge

define cloud vendors

organizations that sell computing infrastructure, software as a service, or storage

what is PAN

personal area network- connects devices located around a specific person

what is centralized processing

processing performed in one computer or in a cluster of couples computers in a single location, thin clients, and no internet or cloud

define internet protocol

provides the IP address

what are the 3 techniques for processing BI data?

reporting, data mining big data

define pooled

same physical hardware, economies of scale

define https

secure transmission for hypertext transfer protocol

define algorithim

set of procedures used to solve a mathematical problem

define data mart

smaller data collection that addresses the needs of a particular department or functional area of the business (subset, ex. sales data mart, inventory data mart)

define ethernet

specifies hardware characteristics such as which wire came from which signals (wired LAN connections)

what are the two kinds of data mining

supervised and unsupervised

define CDN (content delivery network)

system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes the data available on demand

define map reduce

technique for harnessing the power of thousands of computers working in parallel

define RFM

technique readily implented with basic reporting operations used to analyze and rank customers according to their purchasing patterns

define the cloud

the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet

define the 5 forces model

the forces that determine the industry structure and profitability. furthermore, the intensity of each of the five forces determines the characteristics of the industry

what is the defining characteristic of OLAP reports?

they are DYNAMIC. they contain MEASURES and DIMENSIONS

what is the goal of AI?

to create artificial general intelligence, create all the same tasks a human can

define VPN (Virtual private networks)

uses the internet to create the appearance of private, secure networks

what are the 3 Vs for big data

volume, velocity, variety

define hop

when a data packet moves from one router to another

what is WAN

wide area network- connects computers at different geographical locations

define wifi

wireless tech used to connect devices to the internet

how would you use a RFM?

you could identify clusters of customers w/ similar values