By the people ch 7

Because of the mass media, Americans don't just disagree about their values today; _____. a. they don't even hear or see the same reality b. they also disagree about the value of a Constitution c. they are increasingly likely to want to leave the country d. all of the above

a

Every change in the media affects _____. a. politics b. social media c. print media d. civil engagement

a

In short, the _____ defines the nature of the problem, organizes potential solutions, and wipes out alternative policies. a. frame b. agenda c. news agency d. media scheme

a

In the early 1960s, Ronald Reagan warned that "One day we will awake to find that we have _____." a. socialism b. fascism c. capitalism d. communism

a

Political scientists link FDR's fireside chats to the rise of _____. a. the personal presidency b. radio c. television d. mass media

a

Researchers have shown that new information _____ existing opinions, regardless of the content of the story. a. reinforces b. disavows c. erodes d. destroys

a

The FCC passed a net neutrality law, reclassifying _____ as a telecommunications service, which tightened FCC supervision—and mandated that providers could not guarantee faster service to higher-paying customers. a. high-speed Internet service b. web servers c. podcast hosts d. online commercials

a

The _____ is known as the first media-driven war. a. The Spanish-American War b. The Civil War c. World War I d. World War II

a

The fact that more reporters claim to be liberal or moderate than conservative _____. a. does not mean there is a liberal bias in the media b. suggests that election coverage will favor the Democrats c. suggests that election coverage will favor the Republicans d. means there is currently little chance of conservatives to get elected to Congress

a

Today, public officials' _____ can connect them to scandalous revelations. a. texts or e-mail trails b. iPhones c. BlackBerries d. disgruntled assistants Page number: 232

a

_____ is an essential function performed by media outlets in a democratic system. a. Providing information b. Acting as a public watchdog c. Helping shape the political agenda d. all of the above

a

_____ is the chief source of news for less than 50 percent of Americans under fifty-five years of age. a. Facebook b. Television c. Instagram d. The Internet

a

_____ is the top source of news for Americans under fifty. a. Facebook b. Television c. Instagram d. The Internet

a

A major threshold was crossed when Senator John McCain, the Republican nominee for president in 2008, announced his candidacy on _____. a. the Daily Show with Jon Stewart b. the Late Show with David Letterman c. the Colbert Report d. Late Night with Conan O'Brien

b

Mass media in the United States _____. a. focuses on principles over personalities b. has always been a commercial enterprise c. employs attention to detail and an issue-based focus d. none of the above

b

Newspapers and other traditional media tend to include a variety of _____ that represent conservative and liberal columnists, leaving the reader with a broader picture of what's happening in the world. a. stories b. viewpoints c. ads d. information

b

The _____ required radio and TV stations to give equal time to each side of a public issue. a. equal access doctrine b. fairness doctrine c. fair perspective doctrine d. fair play doctrine

b

_____ ushered in the twenty-four-hour news cycle when it covered the Gulf War. a. Fox News b. CNN c. Yahoo News d. MSNBC

b*

"Fairness bias" corrupts news reporting by _____. a. forcing news outlets to give equal time to people on both sides of an issue b. preventing news reporters from being able to report on both sides of an issue c. causing news reporters to present two sides of an issue when the truth is represented better by one side of the debate d. all of the above

c

In 1996, Rupert Murdoch launched _____; then _____, was developed as a counterpoint. a. MSNBC, a network with a liberal slant; Fox News, a network with a conservative spin b. Fox News, a network with a liberal slant; MSNBC, a network with a conservative spin c. Fox News, a network with a conservative slant; MSNBC, a network with a liberal spin d. MSNBC, a network with a conservative slant; Fox News, a network with a liberal spin

c

Media attention and emphasis are not given to _____ in election campaign coverage. a. who's winning b. conflict c. issues d. drama

c

Media outlets print or say or film with an eye to _____. a. informing the public b. informing the audience c. drawing an audience d. increasing news coverage

c

More than 200 stories are now funded each year through sources like _____. a. CashFlash b. Trailblazer c. Kickstarter d. all of the above

c

The FCC repealed the fairness doctrine during the administration of President _____. a. George H. W. Bush b. William Jefferson Clinton c. Ronald Reagan d. Jimmy Carter

c

The Telecommunications Act of _____ opened the door to far more competition by permitting companies to own outlets in multiple media markets such as radio, television, and magazines. a. 1956 b. 1976 c. 1996 d. 2006

c

The _____ was a government agency created during the FDR administration to referee the airwaves. a. Environmental Protection Agency b. Federal Election Commission c. Federal Communications Commission d. Federal Fairness Doctrine Board

c

The line between news and entertainment continues to blur—leading to the hybrid now known as _____. a. news blues b. inflated media coverage *c. infotainment d. none of the above

c

The reader, not the editor, chooses the _____ on the Internet, where she/he is also able to respond, share, network, and/or learn more. a. focus b. agenda c. story d. audience

c

_____ and _____ networks monopolized the television news business during the 1960s and 1970s. a. Fox; MSNBC b. CNN; Fox c. CBS; NBC d. CBS; ABC

c

_____ is all the ways people get information about politics and the wider world. a. Twitter b. Tumblr c. Media d. The Internet

c

_____ is the great link between leaders and citizens. a. Politics b. Political agenda-setting c. Media d. The Internet

c

_____ write algorithms that automatically filter stories based on viewer preferences, promoting newsfeed items that fit into their worldview, leaving the reader with a much narrower picture of what's happening in the world. a. Newspapers b. Newscasts c. Websites d. Radio stations

c

A classic "rule of thumb" guides local TV news: _____ a. "Short stories are better than long." b. "Cover the person not the event." c. "Make 'em squirm." d. "If it bleeds, it leads."

d

A problem with the decline in _____ is dwindling funds for paying trained reporters. a. magazines b. new programs c. podcasts d. newspapers

d

President Franklin Roosevelt delivered weekly radio addresses known as _____. a. Lazy-Boy chats b. porch swing chats c. heart-to-heart chats d. fireside chats

d

President _____ gave the first live press conference in February of 1961. a. Dwight D. Eisenhower b. Richard M. Nixon c. Lyndon B. Johnson d. John F. Kennedy

d

The Internet and social media sites turn us all into potential _____. a. stories b. detectives c. reality stars d. news providers

d

The media serve a public watchdog function, scrutinizing government for _____ and other flawed decisions or government processes. a. corrupt or illegal acts b. misleading statements by leaders c. failed consumer protections d. all of the above

d

When the media chooses a particular slant, we say it is _____ the issue. a. imprinting b. formatting c. priming d. framing

d

_____ forces each news source toward the politics of its audience. a. A scandal b. Drama and trauma c. Political upheaval d. The market

d

_____ is an example of a news show that aims for the political center (as opposed to a conservative or liberal slant). a. Hannity b. Last Week with John Oliver c. Rachel Maddow Show d. Hardball with Chris Matthews

d

_____ is defined as information and entertainment for broad popular audiences including newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. a. Media b. News media c. Journalism d. Mass media

d

_____ is the most subtle manner in which the media affects politics. a. Editorializing b. Framing c. Agenda-setting d. Priming

d

After a year of news reporting, _____ percent of Americans knew the name of President Bill Clinton's alleged lover, while only 12 percent knew who was chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. a. 97 b. 75 c. 51 d. 32

a

As _____ proliferated, the line between news and entertainment began to evaporate. a. cable channels b. podcasts c. YouTube videos d. yellow journalism

a

As newspapers downsize staff and sell their stories by the piece on the Web, there may be no way to _____. a. subsidize coverage on limited-interest (but very important) issues like education b. cover as many stories c. garner public interest in less dramatic issues d. none of the above

a

At the beginning of an election campaign, the media tends to focus on _____. a. who has thrown their hat in the ring b. the issues c. the candidates' families d. how the partisanship of the district is likely to affect the outcome of the race

a

At the end of an election campaign, the media tends to focus on _____. a. what mistakes the loser made b. mending the two sides so the winner can effectively govern c. the candidates' families d. the winner's most effective strategies

a

The _____ was especially significant in fostering skepticism; uncovering lies and bad behavior became the reporter's mission. a. Watergate scandal b. Vietnam War c. civil rights movement d. Iran-Contra scandal

a

_____ burst onto the American scene in the 1950s and revolutionized both entertainment and politics. a. Television b. Radio c. Newsreels d. Playboy magazine

a

_____ came online in the 1980s and began to reach for small slices of the network audience. a. Cable stations b. The Internet c. Premium channels like HBO d. CNN

a

Often, media framing is _____ to the public because it reflects the dominant social values of the time. a. transparent b. invisible c. opaque d. perplexing

b

The profit motive causes news outlets to _____. a. present only the hard facts b. present political coverage that satisfies their viewers c. be more classically conservative in their news coverage d. pander to elites

b

_____ have enormous influence on what Americans think about as they sort through the din and draw focus on specific issues. a. Educators b. Editors and reporters c. Web providers d. Elected officials

b

_____ is defined as a situation in which media outlets are run by the government and paid for by tax dollars. a. Government ownership b. Public ownership c. Hybrid ownership d. Non-profit ownership

b

_____ is defined as on-demand access to information and entertainment through digital devices that also features interactive participation with content a. Social media b. New media c. Print media d. Civil media

b

_____ percent of Americans believe the mainstream media is too liberal. a. Thirty-four b. Forty-four c. Fifty-four d. Sixty-four

b

_____ refers to the idea that the president has a personal link to the public. a. Presidential charisma b. Personal presidency c. Presidential popularity d. Executive charisma

b

_____ refers to the process whereby a media company grows, acquires other companies, and threatens to dominate the market. a. Solidification b. Consolidation c. Solidarity d. Amalgamation Page number: 240

b

_____ said, "Watching the media is like watching little kids play soccer. They all go running in a pack after the ball." a. Stephen Colbert b. Jon Stewart c. Jay Leno d. David Letterman

b

By the twentieth century, there were more than _____ newspapers in the United States. a. 2, 000 b. 2,100 c. 2,200 d. 2,300

c

One of the most direct ways the media affects politics is via its __________ role. a. socialization b. entertainment c. agenda-setting d. infomercial

c

_____ became the first mass media. a. Radio broadcasts b. News reels at movie theatres c. Newspapers d. Televised nightly news

c

A/An _____ is defined as media stories with very broad coverage and an unambiguous message. a. amplifier b. beacon c. radio signal d. loud signal

d

Americans of all ages now listen to _____ at twice the rate they did just a few years ago. a. NPR b. online political chats c. talk radio d. podcasts

d

To what extent has the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the First Amendment protection of a free press? a. Not at all there; there have been numerous instances where government censorship has violated the rights to a free press. b. Only a little; the Court has allowed some government censorship but not too much. c. Quite a bit, but government censorship has occurred routinely throughout U.S. history. d. There has been very little (almost no) censorship of the print media.

d