C++ ch1 terms

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

a hierarchy chart

a diagram that graphically illustrates the structure of a program

variable

a named storage location

portability

a program's ability to run on several different types of computer systems

program

a set of instructions

algorithm

a set of well-defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem; steps are sequentially ordered

defined

a variable must be _______ before it can be used in a program

logical error

mistake that causes a program to produce erroneous results (i.e. using the wrong variable's value in a computation or performing order-dependent actions in the wrong order)

preprocessor

reads source code; searches for special lines that begin with the # symbol

punctuation

characters or symbols that mark the beginning or ending of a program statement or separate items in a list

operators

characters or symbols that perform operations on one or more operands

CPU, RAM, secondary storage, input device, output device

the five major hardware components of a computer system

machine language

the only language computers really process

syntax

the rules that must be followed when constructing a program

input, processing, and output

the three primary activities of a program

single-tasking and multi-tasking

the two general categories of software are

object file

translated machine language instructions stored by the compiler in this file

memory address

unique number assigned to each word

fetch

get the next program instruction from main memory

CU and ALU

internally, the CPU consists of

decode

interpret the instruction and generate a signal

high-level language

language close to the level of humans in terms of readability

low-level language

language close to the level of the computer

linker

last phase of the translation process; combines the object file with the necessary library routines to create the executable file

main memory

volatile - erased when the program terminates or the computer is turned off

programmer-defined identifiers

words or names defined by the programmer

key words

words that have special meaning in a programming language

CD

an example of a secondary storage device

programmable

computers can do many different jobs because they can be

integrated development environment

consists of a text editor, compiler, debugger, and other utilities integrated into a package with a single set of menus

executable file

contains machine language instructions that are ready to run on the computer

CPU

fetches instructions, carries out the operations commanded by the instructions, and produces some outcome or resultant information

syntax error

illegal use of key words, operators, punctuation, and other language elements

input

information a program gathers from the outside world

output

information a program sends to the outside world

secondary storage

non-volatile - data is retained when the program is not running or the computer is turned off; used as a backup

operating system software

programs that manage computer hardware and programs that run on the computer

application software

programs that provide services to the user

execute

route the signal to the appropriate component to perform an operation

machine language

since computers can't be programmed in natural human language algorithms must be written in

source file

statements written by the programmer saved in this file

compiler

steps through the preprocessed source code, translating each source code instruction into the appropriate machine language instruction


Ensembles d'études connexes

Chapter 8&9: Digestive System and Urinary System

View Set

Nursing Management: Patients With Gastric and Duodenal Disorders

View Set

Federal Government Chapter 5 Quiz

View Set

chapter 13 fees credit and collection

View Set

Hypothesis Testing - 8, Sections 8.3 through 8.8

View Set

Risk Management and Insurance Midterm 2

View Set

Windows operating systems exam 3

View Set