C-Programming Chapter 1
stderr means?
(the standard error stream) normally connected to the screen is used for displaying error messages. typical to route other output data such as stdout to another stream so user can be immediately informed of errors
stdin means?
(the standard input stream) which is normally the keyboard but stdin can be connected to another stream
stdout means?
(the standard output stream) which is normally the computer screen but stdout can be connected to another stream
What type of computer language uses Englishlike abbreviations for machine-language instructions?
Assembly Language
___________ is a type of computer language that uses Englishlike abbreviations for machine-language instructions.
Assembly Language
_________ initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX operating system.
C
The _________ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories.
C++
___________ languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily.
High-level
The level of computer language at which it's most convenient to write programs quickly and easily is __________.
High-level language
__________ is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the functionality of web servers, to provide applications for consumer devices, and for many other purposes.
Java
The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer's __________.
Machine Language
The only language that a computer directly understands is called that computer's ________.
Machine language
Why is so much attention today focused on object-oriented programming?
Object-oriented programming helps you write reusable software components that model items in the real world. It can make software-development groups more productive.
C is widely known as the development language of the _________ operating system.
UNIX
Web 2.0 embraces a(n) _________ a design that encourages user interaction and community contributions.
architecture of participation
The size, shape, color, and weight of an object are considered _________ of the object's class.
attributes
In object-oriented programming languages, we create ________ to house the set of methods that perform tasks.
classes
The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called ____________.
compilers
The process of instructing the computer to solve a problem is called _________.
computer programming
C programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) ________ program.
editor
ALU (hardware or software?)
hardware
CPU (hardware or software?)
hardware
input unit (hardware or software?)
hardware
The two most common kinds of preprocessor directives are _________ and __________.
including other files in the file to be compiled, performing various text replacements
Objects have the property of _________ although objects may know how to communicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented.
information hiding
With __________, new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own.
inheritance
The _________ program combines the output of the compiler with various library functions to produce an executable image.
linker
The _________ program transfers the executable image from disk to memory.
loader
With __________ development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in developing, maintaining, and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that software for their own purposes, typically at no charge.
open-source
In a C system, a(n) ________ program automatically executes before the translation phase begins.
preprocessor
Computers process data under the control of sequences of instructions called computer ______________.
programs
C++ compiler (hardware or software?)
software
C++ preprocessor (hardware or software?)
software
an editor program (hardware or software?)
software
