C.2.1 CompTIA A+ 220-1102 (Core 2) Domain 1: Operating Systems

To increase security on your company's internal network, you want to implement a firewall that blocks gaming and adult content without examining transmitted packets and sessions. Which of the following firewall types would you implement to block this type of content?

> Application-level gateway Explanation: An application-level gateway reassembles an HTTP request, recreating the original document from the web server. After that's done, the firewall can then evaluate the content based on a list of predefined terms or words. Packet filtering and circuit-layer gateway firewall types are designed to examine packet and session content in order to block network traffic. They are not able to filter based on content. An access control list (ACL) is not a type of firewall. It is a set of rules utilized by the firewall to filter network traffic.

Which of the following are common laptop design elements used to save battery power? (Select two.)

> Bus speed stepdown in the CPU > Computer sleep mode Explanation: Stepping down the bus speed in the CPU and putting the computer to sleep are common laptop design elements that are used to save battery power. Providing a large-capacity hard drive, adding several USB ports, and including 16 GB of RAM increase a laptop's capacity and performance, but they do not save on battery power.

Which of the following Windows components is designed to help you make video calls with contacts through their Microsoft accounts?

> Chat Explanation: The Chat icon on the taskbar lets you make video calls or chat with contacts through their Microsoft accounts. The Widgets icon on the taskbar provides information such as local weather, trending news, and options to personalize your newsfeed and interests. It is not designed for making video calls. Virtual desktops let you create multiple desktops that can be used for organizing different applications together. They are not specifically designed for making video calls. Auto HDR (introduced in Windows 11) expands the range of colors in many DirectX games and other newer games.

You want to keep an existing operating system installed on a system and deploy Windows as a separate instance on the same device, creating a multiple-boot configuration. Which installation type should you use?

> Clean installation Explanation: You would use a clean (custom) installation if you wanted to keep the existing operating system installed and deploy Windows as a separate instance on the same device, creating a multiple-boot configuration. An in-place installation (also known as a repair installation or an upgrade installation) would not be the best solution, as they would not provide a dual-boot solution.

Which system utility would you use to troubleshoot hardware devices, examine and control the resources for specific devices, and install updated device drivers?

> Device Manager Explanation: You can use Device Manager to troubleshoot hardware devices, examine and control the resources for specific devices, and install updated device drivers. System Restore takes periodic snapshots (called restore points) of the system configuration. The Msconfig utility is used to customize the way the system boots. The Msinfo32 utility is used to view system configuration and hardware information. The Services console manages system services.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities locates and disposes of files that can be safely removed from a disk?

> Disk Cleanup Explanation: Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations into a single location. Check Disk is a utility that verifies a hard disk's file system integrity. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

Which of the following keys let you switch between keyboard languages?

> Globe key Explanation: The Globe key allows you to switch between keyboard languages, like English, Portuguese, or Korean. This key allows you to access emojis and other symbols as well. The Control key is primarily used for text document navigation. The Option key is used for application and navigation shortcuts. The Command key is the primary modifier key on Apple systems. For example, Command + C copies the selected item to the Clipboard, and Command + V pastes the contents.

You have just purchased a new Windows 11 computer for creating and editing animations. You install a new high-end video adapter to handle the animation creation requirements. However, when compiling and running the animations, the computer seems sluggish, and the compilation takes longer than expected. Which of the following would be the BEST first step to resolve this issue?

> Install the adapter driver from the manufacturer instead of using the Windows driver. Explanation: Even if Windows includes the appropriate drivers, there are some devices that you may want to consider using the manufacturer's driver for instead. In this scenario, you will probably get better performance from the video adapter by using a manufacturer-supplied driver instead of Microsoft's driver. While adding more RAM might improve the animation software's performance, the first (and less expensive) step would be to upgrade to the manufacturer's driver. You could update the animation software to the latest version, but that would not guarantee higher performance on your Windows 11 computer. While purchasing a video adapter with more memory could solve the issue, this is an expensive solution and would not be the first step in attempting to enhance performance.

Which of the following is an open-source operating system?

> Linux Explanation: Linux is an open-source operating system. Windows, macOS, and Chrome OS are proprietary operating systems.

You are in the process of preparing a 128-GB flash drive and must determine which file system to use. Which of the following BEST describes the advantages of using the exFAT file system rather than NTFS on the flash drive?

> Lower overhead and risk of corruption Explanation: exFAT does not have the high overhead and risk of corruption problems that can occur on removable storage with NTFS. While exFAT supports some limited file permissions, NTFS provides better control through granular permissions and access control lists. Both exFAT and NTFS support volumes over 32 GB and files over 4 GB.

Linux has been a mainstay operating system in server rooms for many years, and it has grown even more pervasive in recent times. Which of the following types of devices has Linux taken over a large percentage of the market for?

> Mobile devices Explanation: Linux has nearly taken over the mobile device market in the form of the Android operating system. The current Android operating system uses a specialized Linux kernel that is maintained by Google. While Linux is becoming more popular for desktop workstations, it is not as popular as Windows or Macintosh. Linux is rarely used for printers or Wi-Fi routers.

You have used the vim command from the shell prompt to edit the serverlist.txt file. You are now ready to exit Insert Mode and save the changes to the text file. What do you need to do to save the file and exit the vi editor?

> Press Esc; then type : and exit (or wq). Explanation: When you are done editing the file, you would press the Esc key to leave Insert Mode. Then you would type : to open Command Line Mode, where you would type exit or wq (for write and quit) to save your changes and exit the vi editor. All the other answers are incomplete and would not result in saving the file and exiting the vi editor.

Which of the following is the purpose of the Microsoft Management Console (MMC)? (Select two.)

> Provide a shell for running snap-ins. > Provide a common user interface for performing system administration tasks. Explanation: The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a framework that provides a common user interface for performing system administration tasks. You can manage a set of related features by adding snap-ins to the console. The MMC provides the shell for running these snap-ins, while the snap-ins provide the details for performing specific management tasks. Performance Monitor displays statistics that tell you about the operation of your computer. Reliability Monitor maintains historical data that describe the operating system's stability. A service is a program that processes requests from other applications or users. Services can start automatically, or they might be constantly running in the background, waiting for service requests. Use the Services snap-in to view and manage running services.

A user installs a new graphics application on her Windows system. During the installation process, the application prompts the user to load a custom video driver that has been optimized for the application. She does so and then completes the installation. Several days later, the user reports that her display doesn't seem to be working properly under some conditions. To fix the problem, you need to reload the old video driver. Which of the following actions are the BEST choices to resolve the issue? (Select two.)

> Revert the system to a restore point prior to installing the video driver. > Use Device Manager to roll back the video driver. Explanation: One of the best solutions is to use Device Manager to roll back the video driver to the previous version using the Roll Back Driver option available in the video driver's properties. However, you may need to boot the system into Safe Mode first if the problem is serious enough to make the display difficult to see. You could also revert the system to a prior restore point that was created before the problematic driver was installed. The Last Known Good configuration boot option is only available on Windows 7 and earlier. Even if it were available, it would not work in this scenario because the system has been rebooted, and the user has logged in since the change was made. In this scenario, you should not disable the driver. Running a Startup Repair would not correct a problem with an erratic video driver.

Jodie's computer is acting unusually sluggish today. She calls you, an IT technician, to see if you can find out what's going on and how to improve her computer's performance. You run Task Manager on Jodie's computer and find that a suspicious application has nearly 90% CPU utilization. Which of the following actions can you take from Task Manager to immediately stop the application from running?

> Right-click > End task Explanation: From the Processes page, you can right-click on the offending application and select End task. This stops the program from running immediately, and the computer's CPU should return to a more normal utilization. Right-click > Switch to from the App history tab opens a Microsoft application. Right-click > Disable from the Startup tab stops a program from running on the next boot. Right-click > Disconnect from the Users tab disconnects a user from a computer. Right-click > Stop from the Services page stops a service from running.

Which of the following is true about primary partitions?

> The active partition must be a primary partition. Explanation: A primary partition is a partition type used on basic disks. The active partition must be a primary partition. Each physical disk can have up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition. Logical drives are defined within an extended partition.

Which of the following BEST describes an IP address class?

> The class defines the IP address's default network address portion. Explanation: The address class defines the IP address's default network address portion. For example, a Class A address uses the first octet as the network address and the remaining octets as the available host addresses.

You need to view the contents of /var/log/auth.log to get information about the users that have been logging on to the system. The auth.log file is in plaintext, so you decide to use the cat command to review the file. However, the display fills with text for several pages, and you can't see the entire file. Which commands can you use to view the contents of the auth.log file page by page? (Select two.)

> less /var/log/auth.log > more /var/log/auth.log Explanation: Using the more command, a file's contents are output to the screen one page at a time to give you a chance to read the contents more easily. Press the space bar to go through the pages. Using the less command does the same thing as the more command, except that is allows you to use the Pg Up and Pg Dn keys to scroll up and down through the file.

While troubleshooting a Windows computer, you open a Command Prompt to explore the folders (directories) on the hard drive. You notice that one of the folders required for your project is missing. Which of the following Microsoft command line tools would allow you to QUICKLY create the missing folder?

> md Explanation: The md (make directory) command creates a directory/folder or subdirectory/subfolder. The rd command removes a directory. The cd command changes which directory you are working in. The del (delete) command deletes files and directories. The sfc command scans the integrity of all protected system files and replaces incorrect versions with correct Microsoft versions.

You need to duplicate a large number of files from your PC to a network server. Due to the number of files, you start the process and go home for the evening. When you return the next day, you find that only part of the files were duplicated to the server due to the router being temporarily unplugged by the janitor while cleaning. Which of the following Windows command line tools would BEST prevent this type of glitch from happening again?

> robocopy Explanation: The robocopy (short for robust file copy) command is used to copy entire folder structures between volumes or across a network. The benefit of using robocopy is that interrupted transfers can be resumed. In this scenario, when the janitor plugged the router back into the outlet, robocopy would have resumed the copy process, and the files would have been copied when you returned the next day. If you had used the copy and xcopy commands, the copying process would have failed when the router was unplugged. Although teracopy provides the same solution, it is not a Windows command line utility.