CAAD Chapter 14: Adolescence: Biosocial Development

104. Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States. A)1 to 3 B)5 to 7 C)8 to 10 D)11 to 13

A)1 to 3

128. A female just gave birth to a baby who is preterm and underweight. In addition, the female experienced high blood pressure throughout her pregnancy. This female is most likely _____ years old. A)14 B)21 C)28 D)31

A)14

92. Statistically, which person is likely to have health problems due to iron deficiency? A)16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating B)12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche C)15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little D)25-year-old Ben, who has three children

A)16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating

125. In the current generation of teens, _____. A)births have increased in every nation B)use of contraception has risen C)abortions are more common than they were 20 years ago D)age of first sexual activity has declined

B)use of contraception has risen

101. Which symptom is associated with anorexia nervosa? A)normal menstruation B)voluntary starvation C)average weight D)accurate body image

B)voluntary starvation

91. In 2015, only _____ percent of adolescents consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily. A)10 B)16 C)20 D)25

B)16

95. The recommended daily dose of calcium is 1,300 milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day. A)300 B)500 C)800 D)1,000

B)500

54. _____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females. A)Progesterones B)Androgens C)Estrogens D)Adrenalines

B)Androgens

63. Statistically, which adolescent will experience menarche first? A)Michelle, who is European American B)Cecilia, who is Hispanic American C)Rebecca, who is African American D)Maria, who is Chinese American

B)Cecilia, who is Hispanic American

110. Xavier, age 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making? A)His limbic system is underdeveloped. B)His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped. C)His amygdala is underdeveloped. D)The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped.

B)His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped.

64. Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct? A)There is no correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females. B)There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females. C)There is a negative correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females. D)There is a correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty only among female adolescents who are Native American.

B)There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.

82. Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Janet will have _____ than Carlos. A)a lower proportion of body fat B)a higher proportion of body fat C)more upper body muscle D)narrower hips

B)a higher proportion of body fat

77. William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicted to _____. A)be aggressive as an adolescent B)be a school leader as an adolescent C)use alcohol as an adolescent D)have an older romantic relationship partner

B)be a school leader as an adolescent

123. The rate of teen sexual activity has _____ over the past two decades in the United States. A)increased B)decreased C)remained the same D)decreased for females only

B)decreased

105. For all eating disorders, _____ is crucial. A)peer acceptance B)family function C)family structure D)media exposure

B)family function

62. About two-thirds of the variation in age of puberty is determined by _____. A)environment B)genes C)parenting D)diet

B)genes

84. One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the child's _____. A)lungs increase in weight by a factor of five B)heart doubles in size C)tonsils increase in size D)skin becomes darker

B)heart doubles in size

47. The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the _____. A)cerebellum B)hypothalamus C)hippocampus D)ovaries or testes

B)hypothalamus

94. Which pair of nutrients is likely to be lacking in the typical adolescent's diet? A)magnesium and B vitamins B)iron and calcium C)sodium and potassium D)vitamins A and C

B)iron and calcium

98. Research indicates that a majority of adolescent girls in the United States are trying to _____. A)gain weight B)lose weight C)lift weights D)not focus on their appearance

B)lose weight

37. For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____. A)menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development B)nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche C)the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development D)the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

B)nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche

109. Many adolescents think carefully and answer correctly when responding to paper-and-pencil questions about hypothetical risk-taking situations, yet in the real world they engage in risky behavior. This is due in part to their _____. A)genes B)peers' influence C)advanced prefrontal cortex D)intuitive thinking

B)peers' influence

44. Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____. A)beard development B)penis growth C)spermarche D)voice change

B)penis growth

107. During adolescence, the limbic system matures before the _____ in the brain. A)reticular formation B)prefrontal cortex C)brain stem D)cerebellum

B)prefrontal cortex

111. Adolescents are more likely than adults to choose to stay up all night, go through a day without eating, exercise in pain, or text while driving because of an immature _____. A)limbic system B)prefrontal cortex C)amygdala D)pituitary gland

B)prefrontal cortex

119. Holly, age 13, notices that her hips are widening and her breasts are developing. Holly is noticing changes in her _____ sex characteristics. A)primary B)secondary C)puberty D)prefrontal

B)secondary

133. Which problem shows no signs of abating? A)teenage pregnancy B)sexually transmitted infections (STIs) C)sexual abuse D)abortions

B)sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

42. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid is known as _____. A)penis growth B)spermarche C)first intercourse D)pubic hair

B)spermarche

115. Lea, age 16, is traveling with her family to Spain. In preparation for the trip, Lea and her parents take Spanish language classes. Lea learns the language more quickly than her parents, most likely because of her _____. A)greater interest in the culture B)still-developing frontal cortex C)stronger levels of self-control D)greater cognitive rigidity

B)still-developing frontal cortex

72. Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty. A)attention B)stress C)exercise D)starvation

B)stress

126. Data indicate a marked decline in _____ rates in most countries for the past few decades. A)teenage pregnancy B)teen birth C)romantic relationship D)contraception use

B)teen birth

131. Young people who are sexually exploited/abused _____. A)usually forget about the abuse B)tend to devalue themselves throughout life C)do not usually know their abuser D)are not likely to be aggressive

B)tend to devalue themselves throughout life

113. Which of the following accurately describes development of the prefrontal cortex in adolescence? A)the prefrontal cortex does not begin to mature until late adolescence B)the prefrontal cortex steadily matures throughout adolescence C)the prefrontal cortex fully matures during puberty D)the prefrontal cortex develops in dramatic stages

B)the prefrontal cortex steadily matures throughout adolescence

87. Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections? A)greater exposure to germs from increased social activity B)the shrinkage of the lymphoid system C)the increase in sex hormones D)the growth spurt

B)the shrinkage of the lymphoid system

80. During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow? A)limbs B)torso C)ears D)feet

B)torso

36. For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as 8 years of age or as late as _____ years of age. A)18 B)16 C)14 D)13

C)14

108. Which individual is most likely to take dramatic risks in order to gain peer approval? A)5-year-old Evan B)10-year-old Alvin C)15-year-old Kevin D)20-year-old Devin

C)15-year-old Kevin

38. Menarche is _____. A)the beginning of growth of the uterus B)the first ovulation of a mature egg C)a girl's first menstrual period D)the first year of menstruation

C)a girl's first menstrual period

134. Teenagers have _____ rate of gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydia when compared to sexually active people of other age groups. A)a lower B)the same C)a higher D)an unknown

C)a higher

78. In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____. A)girls choosing to date younger boys B)girls entering into early, nurturing relationships C)aggression and antisocial behavior in boys D)boys becoming leaders in their schools

C)aggression and antisocial behavior in boys

73. Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to _____. A)delay childbearing in strife-filled environments B)encourage stressed youth to take more risks C)ensure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments D)ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast

C)ensure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments

43. For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs _____. A)when facial hair first appears B)after the peak growth spurt C)following growth of the penis D)when the final pubic hair pattern is established

C)following growth of the penis

89. Which factor is crucial to the issue of iron deficiencies? A)age B)cohort C)gender D)ethnicity

C)gender

67. The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Assuming that they are typical for their sex and their time period, which of the following individuals was the oldest when he or she started puberty? A)Lewis, born in 1910 B)Allen, born in 1950 C)Rita, born in 1975 D)Ted, born in 1990

A)Lewis, born in 1910

102. Nikki is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds, yet when she looks in the mirror she thinks she is too fat. She eats very little, and staying thin is her obsession. Nikki appears to suffer from _____. A)anorexia nervosa B)puberty C)anxiety D)bulimia nervosa

A)anorexia nervosa

74. When their _____ through puberty is a determining factor in whether an adolescent experiences their own pubertal maturation as early or late. A)friends go B)siblings go C)grandparents went D)parents went

A)friends go

52. At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _____, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males. A)gonads B)pituitary glands C)adrenal glands D)sex glands

A)gonads

41. For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____. A)growth of the testes, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the penis, and spermarche B)growth of the testes, growth of the penis, initial pubic-hair growth, and spermarche C)spermarche, growth of the testes, growth of the penis, and initial pubic-hair growth D)initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the testes, spermarche, and growth of the penis

A)growth of the testes, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the penis, and spermarche

51. The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located above the kidneys is the _____. A)hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis B)pituitary-adrenal-hypothalamus axis C)adrenal-hypothalamus-pituitary axis D)pituitary-hypothalamus-adrenal axis

A)hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

71. Family conflict and stress _____. A)may contribute to an early onset of puberty B)may contribute to a late onset of puberty C)typically increases after the onset of puberty D)typically decreases after the onset of puberty

A)may contribute to an early onset of puberty

49. The gland that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the _____. A)pituitary B)gonad C)hypothalamus D)thyroid

A)pituitary

100. Mila told a friend that she doesn't like the way her legs look in her new volleyball uniform. She said that she hates her figure, and she expressed a desire to lose a lot of weight. From this discussion, you might think that Mila has a _____. A)poor body image B)dislike of sports C)competitive nature D)low social comparison

A)poor body image

68. Latisha experienced menarche when she was 7 years old. She experienced _____. A)precocious puberty B)abnormal hormonal fluctuations C)preterm menarche D)excessively high levels of androgens

A)precocious puberty

35. The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called _____. A)puberty B)youth C)the growth spurt D)secondary sex development

A)puberty

117. Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of _____. A)reproduction B)weight loss C)giving blood D)sleeping fewer hours

A)reproduction

120. If a boy notices a swelling around his nipples during puberty, what is the likely cause? A)the normal fluctuation of sex hormones B)late-onset puberty C)abnormally high levels of estrogen D)drug abuse

A)the normal fluctuation of sex hormones

65. Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon? A)the secular trend B)evolution C)genetic predisposition D)generational trend

A)the secular trend

66. While visiting an exhibit on seventeenth-century life, Hannah noticed that the adult clothing and shoes seemed to be quite small. The curator explained that current generations are taller than past generations due to _____. A)the secular trend B)obesity C)genetic predisposition D)more exercise

A)the secular trend

83. During puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in which order? A)weight, height, muscles B)weight, muscles, height C)height, weight, muscles D)muscles, height, weight

A)weight, height, muscles

53. What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone? A)human growth hormones B)follicle-stimulating hormones C)gonadotropin-releasing hormone D)cortisol

C)gonadotropin-releasing hormone

116. Changes in primary sex characteristics include _____. A)growth of pubic hair and underarm hair B)rapid increase in height C)growth of the uterus or the testes D)deeper voices

C)growth of the uterus or the testes

45. Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called _____. A)the HPA axis B)the brain stem C)hormones D)adrenal glands

C)hormones

132. A young child experienced ongoing sexual abuse until age 15. Now, as an adult, it is likely that he or she _____. A)has forgotten the experiences over time B)suffers from biological harm resulting from the abuse C)is obese and has difficulty with sex or other psychosocial problems D)has outgrown the biological and psychosocial effects of the abuse

C)is obese and has difficulty with sex or other psychosocial problems

61. Later high school start times have been associated with _____. A)more adolescent depression B)lower grades C)less student absenteeism D)decreased college attendance

C)less student absenteeism

86. Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should _____. A)match his projected size for next year B)cause him maximum exertion C)match his size from the previous year D)be doubled each week

C)match his size from the previous year

59. Henry is an adolescent who experiences sleep deprivation, which makes him more likely to experience _____. A)mental alertness B)self-awareness C)mood disorders D)reduced stress hormones

C)mood disorders

48. Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus? A)adrenals B)testes C)pituitary D)gonads

C)pituitary

121. Which factor has the greatest impact on whether sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable or shameful and frightening? A)sex hormones B)brain function C)social context D)gender

C)social context

122. The double standard refers to the _____. A)standard number of babies in a twin birth B)recent size increase in the typical hamburger C)social norms that define the different male and female behaviors. D)expectation that older adolescents should study harder than younger adolescents

C)social norms that define the different male and female behaviors.

75. Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience _____. A)welcome attention from boys her age B)pride that she is ahead of her friends C)teasing from boys her age D)a better body image than her peers

C)teasing from boys her age

127. Which developed nation has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy? A)Canada B)Sweden C)the United States D)Holland

C)the United States

60. A school schedule that begins at _____ and ends at 4:10 P.M. would be the best fit for adolescent sleep patterns. A)6:00 A.M. B)7:00 A.M. C)8:00 A.M. D)9:00 A.M.

D)9:00 A.M.

96. Which effect has been found in response to the increasing number of laws requiring schools to encourage healthy eating? A)Local markets have increased the price of healthy foods. B)Schools are reluctant to provide healthier selections in school vending machines. C)Parents have increased their monitoring of food choices. D)Effects have been more apparent in elementary schools than in high schools.

D)Effects have been more apparent in elementary schools than in high schools.

90. Which North American individual would be at the greatest risk for calcium deficiency? A)Sam, who was born in 1950 and is 10 years old B)Greg, who was born in 1960 and is 16 years old C)Tim, who was born in 1990 and is 10 years old D)George, who was born in 1990 and is 16 years old

D)George, who was born in 1990 and is 16 years old

50. The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located above the kidneys is known as the _____. A)HAG pathway B)HAP pathway C)HPG axis D)HPA axis

D)HPA axis

58. Statistically, which student is likely to fall asleep during class? A)Ariel, age 5 B)Wilhelm, age 8 C)Allen, age 11 D)Rose, age 14

D)Rose, age 14

88. Adolescent acne is usually caused by _____. A)changes in diet B)changes in the lymphoid system C)sexual frustration D)an increase in skin oils and sweat

D)an increase in skin oils and sweat

97. One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is _____. A)lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition B)misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food C)altered taste buds due to hormonal surges D)anxiety about their body image

D)anxiety about their body image

118. Secondary sex characteristics are traits that _____. A)occur later in development B)are not visible C)occur for only some people D)are not directly related to fertility

D)are not directly related to fertility

103. Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She suffers from _____. A)anorexia nervosa B)degenerative organ disease C)anxiety D)bulimia nervosa

D)bulimia nervosa

56. The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____. A)biorhythm B)night-day cycle C)sleep cycle D)circadian rhythm

D)circadian rhythm

79. One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____. A)lengthening of the torso B)increased muscle mass C)growth of arms and legs D)growth of fingers and toes

D)growth of fingers and toes

40. Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____. A)initial pubic hair growth B)breast development D)hips grow wider D)an increase in her shoe size

D)hips grow wider

46. The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____. A)gonads B)penis or uterus C)adrenal glands D)hypothalamus

D)hypothalamus

57. Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this _____. A)means that he needs professional help B)means that he is trying to avoid them C)is due to changes in his brain D)is due to hormonal shifts

D)is due to hormonal shifts

130. Child sexual abuse _____. A)most often is instigated by strangers B)is quite rare in all cultures and countries C)includes only activities that involve genital contact D)is most common at puberty

D)is most common at puberty

69. Which hormone affects appetite, energy, and puberty? A)estrogen B)cortisol C)lipid D)leptin

D)leptin

70. Jill learned in health class that _____ is a hormone that is necessary for puberty. A)estrogen B)cortisol C)lipid D)leptin

D)leptin

129. A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were _____. A)likely to have a successful marriage as an adult B)likely to use birth control C)not likely to use birth control D)likely to get a divorce as an adult

D)likely to get a divorce as an adult

124. The trend toward earlier puberty yet later sexual activity is _____. A)apparent only in Asian countries B)troubling to developmentalists C)a symptom of increased depression D)observed internationally

D)observed internationally

76. Which factor has been associated with early maturation among girls? A)less depression B)high self-esteem C)less alcohol use D)poor body image

D)poor body image

106. In adolescent brains, there is heightened arousal in the _____, compared to their brains in childhood or in adulthood. A)prefrontal cortex B)auditory cortex C)visual system D)reward centers

D)reward centers

81. Which article of clothing is Xavier most likely to outgrow first when he experiences the adolescent growth spurt? A)shirt B)pants C)belt D)shoes

D)shoes

93. Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should feed her _____. A)potatoes to increase her starch B)carrots to increase her vitamin A C)orange juice to increase her vitamin C D)spinach to increase her iron

D)spinach to increase her iron

114. Among U.S. high school seniors who have driven a car in the past month, 61 percent have _____. A)decreased moral development B)lower levels of social competence C)increased cognitive rigidity D)texted while driving

D)texted while driving

112. In a study of executive function comparing adolescents to their parents, the researchers found that _____. A)the parents were quicker but less accurate than the adolescents B)the adolescents were quicker and more accurate than the parents C)the parents were quicker and more accurate than the adolescents D)the adolescents were quicker but less accurate than the parents

D)the adolescents were quicker but less accurate than the parents

85. Some teenagers seem to be able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by _____. A)increased hormone output B)increased weight C)better digestive processes D)the growth of the heart and lungs

D)the growth of the heart and lungs

39. The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____. A)an increase in weight B)the development of muscular strength C)a spurt in height D)the onset of nipple growth

D)the onset of nipple growth

99. Unhappiness with one's physical appearance is a _____ phenomenon. A)city B)county C)national D)worldwide

D)worldwide

55. Peak fertility occurs several _____ activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm. A)weeks before B)weeks after C)months after D)years after

D)years after