Cambridge English Profile Level B2

alike

(adverb)BOTH.used after referring to two groups of people or things to show that both groups are included. Dictionary example: Friends and family a~ were shocked by the news of her death.

generally

(adverb)BY MOST PEOPLE.by most people, or to most people. Dictionary example: He is g~ believed to be their best player.

hardly

(adverb)CERTAINLY NOT

firmly

(adverb)CERTAINLY.in a way that is certain or fixed Dictionary example: I f~ believe that we must take action on this.

directly

(adverb)CLEARLY.clearly and honestly. Dictionary example: Let me answer that question directly.

altogether

(adverb)COMPLETELY.completely. Dictionary examples: She wrote less and less often, and eventually she stopped a~. I'm not a~ sure about the idea.

closely

(adverb)CONNECTED. in a way that is directly connected or has a strong relationship. Dictionary examples: English and German are closely related. Both politicians have been closely associated with the movement for some time. We are working closely with the police.

anyhow

(adverb)DESPITE.despite that. Dictionary example: He hates carrots but he ate them a~.

anyhow

(adverb)EARLIER SUBJECT.used when you are returning to an earlier subject. Dictionary example: A~, as I said, I'll be away next week.

back

(adverb)EARLIER.at or to an earlier time. Dictionary examples: We first met b~ *in* 1971. This tradition dates b~ to the 16th century.

hopefully

(adverb)HOPEFUL WAY.in a hopeful way. Dictionary example: "Are there any tickets left?" she asked hopefully.

irregular

(adjective) TIME.Irregular actions or events happen with a different amount of time between each one. Dictionary example: They met at irregular intervals.

colorful

(adjective) UNUSUAL.interesting and unusual. Dictionary example: a colorful character.

extreme

(adjective) VERY LARGE.very large in amount or degree. Dictionary example: extreme pain/danger/wealth

aggressive

(adjective) VIOLENT.behaving in an angry and violent way toward another person. Dictionary examples: a~ *behavior*. If I criticize him, he gets a~ and starts shouting.

fierce

(adjective) VIOLENT.violent or angry. Dictionary examples: a f~ *dog*. a f~ *attack/battle*. Two men were shot during f~ *fighting* last weekend.

impatient

(adjective) WANTING SOMETHING TO HAPPEN.[never before noun] wanting something to happen as soon as possible Dictionary examples: He's got a lot of exciting ideas and he's impatient to get started. People are increasingly impatient for change in this country.

armed

(adjective) WEAPONS.using or carrying weapons. Dictionary examples: an a~ *robbery*. a~ *conflict.* a~ *guards/police*.

glad

(adjective) WILLING

flat

(adjective) WITHOUT AIR.If a tire is flat, it does not contain enough air. Dictionary example: When I got to the car, I discovered I had a f~ tire.

apparently

(adverb)AS HEARD/READ.used to say you have read or been told something although you are not certain it is true. Dictionary examples: A~ it's going to rain today. A~ he's had enough of England and is going back to Australia.

here

(adverb)AT THIS POINT

adequately

(adverb) in an adequate way Dictionary example: While some patients can be a~ cared for at home, others are best served by care in a hospital.

back

(adverb)AWAY FROM.in a direction away from something. Dictionary examples: He pulled b~ the curtain. The house is set b~ from the road.

considerably

(adverb) in a way that is large or important enough to be noticed. Dictionary examples: Rates of pay vary c~. He's c~ fatter than he was when I knew him.

forever

(adverb)A LONG TIME

last

(adverb)AFTER ALL OTHERS.after everything or everyone else. Dictionary examples: I wasn't expecting to win the race but I didn't think I'd come last! We've still got to check the figures but we'll do that last.

exactly

(adverb)AGREEMENT.something you say when you agree completely with someone. Dictionary example: "Surely they should have told us about this problem sooner?" "Exactly!"

generally

(adverb)AS A WHOLE.considering the whole of someone or something, and not just a particular part of them. Dictionary example: My health is g~ very good.

can

(modal verb) SOMETIMES HAPPENING.used to say that something sometimes happens or is true Dictionary examples: Smoking can cause cancer. The nights can be very cold.

can

(modal verb) TYPICAL.used to talk about how someone often behaves or what something is often like. Dictionary example: She can be really rude at times.

fence

(noun)

fighting

(noun)

fingernail

(noun)

firm

(noun)

fox

(noun)

funeral

(noun)

harm

(noun)

harvest

(noun)

journey

(noun)

calendar

(noun) APPOINTMENTS.a book or other list with spaces for each day of the year in which to write down appointments, meetings, etc. Dictionary example: OK, I put that in my calendar - dinner at seven on the twenty-third.

barrier

(noun) FENCE.a type of fence that stops people from going into an area. Dictionary example: B~s have been erected all along the route the Pope will take.

conflict

(noun) FIGHTING.fighting between two or more groups of people or countries. Dictionary example: armed conflict

discovery

(noun) FINDING.[C or U] when someone discovers something. Dictionary examples: the discovery of electricity Leonardo made many scientific discoveries. a journey/voyage of discovery The discovery of gold in California opened up the west.

evolution(Word family: Nouns: evolution Verbs: evolve)

(noun) GRADUAL CHANGE.a gradual process of change and development. Dictionary example: the e~ *of* language.

conjunction

(noun) GRAMMAR.a word such as 'and', 'but', 'while' or 'although' that connects words, phrases and clauses in a sentence.

expression

(noun) PHRASE.a word or phrase. Dictionary examples: He uses a lot of informal e~s. '"A can of worms" is an e~ which means "a difficult situation."

gossip

(noun)conversation or reports about other people's private lives that might or might not be true. Dictionary examples: an interesting piece of g~. Have you heard the latest g~?

grief

(noun) SADNESS.great sadness, especially caused by someone's death. Dictionary example: Newspapers should not intrude on people's private grief.

code

(noun) SECRET MESSAGE.[C or U] a system of words, letters or signs that is used to represent a message in secret form. Dictionary examples: The message was written in code. She managed to break/crack the code.

cycle

(noun) SERIES OF EVENTS.a series of events which happen in a particular order and are often repeated. Dictionary example: the life cycle of a moth

diplomat

(noun)an official whose job is to represent one country in another, and who usually works in an embassy. Dictionary example: a Spanish/British d~.

association

(noun)an organization of people with the same interests or with a particular purpose Dictionary example: the American Medical A~.the Football A~.

fire department

(noun)an organization that is in charge of preventing and stopping unwanted fires. Dictionary example: Someone called the f~ department, and the blaze was quickly put out. 图

institute

(noun)an organization where people do a particular kind of scientific, educational or social work, or the buildings which it uses. Dictionary example: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

aircraft

(noun)any vehicle, with or without an engine, which can fly, such as a plane or helicopter. Dictionary example: *military/commercial* a~.

disguise

(noun)clothes and other things that you wear to change the way you look so that people cannot recognize you. Dictionary example: She usually goes out in d~ to avoid being bothered by the public.

clothing

(noun)clothes, especially of a particular type. Dictionary examples: Protective clothing must be worn at all times. You can only take three articles/items of clothing into the changing room.

laundry

(noun)clothes, sheets, etc. that need to be washed. Dictionary example: to do the laundry图

junk food

(noun)food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat. Dictionary example: He eats a lot of junk food.

gasoline

(noun)gas, a liquid fuel for cars and trucks. Dictionary example: regular/unleaded g~.图

guidance

(noun)help or advice。 Dictionary example: spiritual/expert guidance

assistance

(noun)help. Dictionary examples: Can I be *of any* a~? Teachers can't *give* pupils any a~ during exams.

income

(noun)money that you earn by working, investing, or producing goods. Dictionary examples: Average incomes have risen by 4.5% over the past year. personal/household/family income

earnings

(noun)money that you get for working. Dictionary example: Average e~s for skilled workers are rising.

escalator

(noun)moving stairs that take people from one level of a building to another. Dictionary examples: I'll meet you by the *up/down* e~ on the second floor. Do you want to use the e~ or *take* the escalator?

feather

(noun)one of the soft, light things that grow from and cover a bird's skin. Dictionary example: I found a peacock's feather.

factor

(noun)one of the things that has an effect on a situation, decision, event, etc. Dictionary examples: Money was an important factor *in* their decision to move. Price is an *important/key/major* factor in the success of any product. economic factors

hip

(noun)one of the two parts of your body above your leg and below your waist. Dictionary examples: She stood waiting with her hands on her hips. This exercise is designed to trim your hips and stomach.图

alternative

(noun)one of two or more things that you can choose between. Dictionary examples: It's a low-fat a~ to butter. I'm afraid I have no a~ but to ask you to leave.

aspect

(noun)one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc. Dictionary examples: Which a~s *of* the job do you most enjoy? That's the most worrying a~ of the situation.

hood

(noun)part of a piece of clothing that can be pulled up to cover the top and back of the head. Dictionary example: The coat has a hood.

courtesy

(noun)polite behaviour. Dictionary examples: Hotel staff must at all times treat guests with c~. He could at least have had the c~ to say sorry.

catering

(noun)providing food and drinks for people. Dictionary examples: Who did the c~ for the party? a high-class c~ company

greatness

(noun)skill and importance. Dictionary example: Her greatness as a writer is unquestioned.

defender

(noun)someone in a sports team who tries to prevent the other team from scoring points, goals, etc. Dictionary example: The Brazilian attack put France's d~s under pressure.

consultant

(noun)someone who advises people on a particular subject. Dictionary examples: a *management/financial* c~. a firm of public relations c~s.

fisherman

(noun)someone who catches fish as a job or as a hobby. Dictionary example: Local f~ are finding it difficult to make a living.

conductor

(noun)someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and controls their performance. Dictionary example: a famous c~.

gardener

(noun)someone who works in a garden, growing plants and making it look attractive. Dictionary example: They employ two g~s.

composer

(noun)someone who writes music. Dictionary example: a famous c~.

entertainer(Word family: Nouns: entertainer, entertainment Verbs: entertain Adjectives: entertaining)

(noun)someone whose job is to entertain people by singing, telling jokes, etc. Dictionary example: He's a popular e~.

even though

although. Dictionary examples: Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become a millionaire. He still smokes even though he's got asthma.

in the first place

at the start of a situation. Dictionary example: Why did you invite her in the f~ place?

all over the place

in or to many different places Dictionary example: There were dirty dishes a~ over the place.

in honor of sb/sth

in order to celebrate or show respect for someone or something. Dictionary example: a banquet in honor of the president

in honor of sb/sth

in order to celebrate or show respect for someone or something. Dictionary example: a banquet in honor of the president.

behind bars

in prison. Dictionary example: Until the court hearing, they will remain behind b~s.

here and there

in several different places or directions but without any pattern. Dictionary example: Tall trees were growing here and there.

to some extent/to a certain extent

in some ways. Dictionary examples: To some e~, she was responsible for the accident. I agree with you to a certain e~.

a dose of sth

an amount of something, often something unpleasant. Dictionary example: a d~ of bad news.

gymnastic

(adjective)involving gymnastics. Dictionary example: a gymnastic display

a bit

(informal) a short period of time. Dictionary example: I'm just going out for a bit. See you later.

Don't ask!

(informal) said when someone asks you about an experience that was very bad. Dictionary example: "How was the meeting?" "Don't a~!"

feature

(noun) FACE.Someone's f~s are the parts of their face that you notice when you look at them. Dictionary example: His eyes are his best f~.

gang

(noun) YOUNG PEOPLE

client

(noun)someone who pays someone else for services or advice. Dictionary example: We're losing a lot of our clients.

concern

(verb) BE ABOUT.to be about a particular subject. Dictionary example: The next item on the agenda concerns staffing.

fight

(verb) JOIN WAR

form

(verb) START.to start an organization or business. Dictionary example: She f~ed her own company eleven years ago.

at ease

feeling relaxed and comfortable. Dictionary example: I felt completely at ease with him.

for hours/days, etc., on end

for hours/days, etc., without stopping. Dictionary example: She practices the violin for hours on e~.

against the law

forbidden by a law Dictionary example: It's a~ the law to leave a young child alone in the house.

foolish

(adjective)

fortunate

(adjective)

global

(adjective)

gradual

(adjective)

harmful

(adjective)

free

(adverb)NO LIMIT/CONTROL

flash

(noun) BRIGHT LIGHT

fight

(noun) EFFORT

guilt

(noun) ILLEGAL

half

(noun), pro(noun), determiner A LOT

fire

(verb) REMOVE FROM A JOB

go

(verb) STOP WORKING

even if

whether or not. Dictionary example: Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train.

constant(Word family: Adjectives: constant Adverbs: constantly)

(adjective) A LOT.happening a lot or all the time. Dictionary examples: He's in c~ trouble with the police. These machines are in c~ use.

fluent(Word family: Nouns: fluency Adjectives: fluent Adverbs: fluently)

(adjective) ABILITY.able to use a language naturally without stopping or making mistakes Dictionary examples: She's f~ in French. He's a f~ Russian speaker.

flexible(Word family: Nouns: flexibility Adjectives: flexible)

(adjective) ABLE TO CHANGE.able to change or be changed easily according to the situation. Dictionary examples: My schedule is quite f~ - I could arrange to meet with you any day next week. I'd like a job with more f~ working hours.

fond

(adjective) HAPPY

immediate

(adjective) IMPORTANT NOW.important now and needing attention. Dictionary examples: We have no immediate plans. Our immediate concern is getting food and water to the refugees.

high

(adjective) IMPORTANT.important, powerful, or at the top level of something. Dictionary examples: a high rank Safety is our highest priority.

critical

(adjective) IMPORTANT.of the greatest importance to the way things might happen. Dictionary examples: The President's support is c~ *to* this project. a c~ decision.

key

(adjective) IMPORTANT.very important in influencing or achieving something. Dictionary examples: She was a key figure in the international art world. a key factor in tackling the problem

later

(adjective) IN THE FUTURE.happening at a time in the future, or after the time you have mentioned. Dictionary examples: We could catch a later train. You can always change your password at a later date.

fluent

(adjective) LANGUAGE.produced or done in a smooth, natural style. Dictionary example: He speaks f~ Chinese.

dear

(adjective) LIKED.[always before noun] liked very much. Dictionary examples: She was a very dear friend. He's one of my dearest friends. My dear Gina - how nice to see you!

desperate

(adjective) NEEDING.needing or wanting something very much. Dictionary examples: She was desperate to get news of her family. They are desperate for help. I'm desperate to find a cup of coffee.

innocent

(adjective) NO EXPERIENCE.not having much experience of life and not knowing about the bad things that can happen. Dictionary example: an innocent young woman

free

(adjective) NOT A PRISONER

firm

(adjective) NOT SOFT

circular

(adjective) SHAPE.shaped like a circle. Dictionary example: a c~ rug.

crucial

(adjective)extremely important or necessary. Dictionary examples: a c~ *decision/question*. Her work has been c~ *to* the project's success. It is c~ *that* the problem is tackled immediately.

fascinated(Word family: Nouns: fascination Verbs: fascinate Adjectives: fascinated, fascinating)

(adjective)extremely interested. Dictionary example: They were f~ed by his stories.

irritating

(adjective)making you feel annoyed. Dictionary example: an irritating habit

forward

(adverb)FUTURE

always

(adverb)MANY TIMES.again and again, often in an annoying way. Dictionary example: He's a~ losing his keys.

creatively

(adverb)in a creative way. Dictionary example: We have to think creatively about this problem.

cruelly

(adverb)in a cruel way. Dictionary example: She had been very cruelly treated.

foolishly

(adverb)in a foolish way, or because of being foolish. Dictionary example: F~, I didn't write the phone number down.

flat

(adverb)in a level position, often against another surface. Dictionary example: Lay the cloth f~ across the table.

calmly

(adverb)in a quiet or relaxed way. Dictionary example: She reacted surprisingly calmly to the news of his death.

actively

(adverb)in a way that involves positive action Dictionary examples: He's very a~ involved in the local politics. I've been a~ looking for a job for six months.

appropriately

(adverb)in a way that is appropriate. Dictionary example: She didn't think we were a~ dressed for a wedding.

elegantly(Word family: Nouns: elegance Adjectives: elegant Adverbs: elegantly)

(adverb)in a way that is elegant Dictionary example: e~ dressed.

illegally

(adverb)in a way that is not allowed by law. Dictionary examples: They entered the country illegally. an illegally parked car

effectively

(adverb)in a way that is successful and achieves what you want. Dictionary examples: Teachers need to be able to communicate ideas effectively. The pills will work more effectively if you have a hot drink with them.

culturally

(adverb)in a way that relates to culture. Dictionary example: It's a culturally diverse society.

if

(conjunction)WOULD/MIGHT/COULD HAVE.used to talk about what would/might/could, etc. have happened. Dictionary examples: If we had the money, we'd get a new car. If you'd mentioned this earlier, it might not have been necessary to call the doctor.

female

(noun)

freedom

(noun) BEING ALLOWED

finance

(noun) CONTROL OF MONEY

generation

(noun) ENERGY

control

(noun) EQUIPMENT

attachment

(noun) EQUIPMENT.[C] an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a machine. Dictionary example: This food processor has a special a~ for grinding coffee.

device

(noun) EQUIPMENT.a piece of equipment that is used for a particular purpose. Dictionary examples: an electronic device Rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings.

gear

(noun) EQUIPMENT.the clothes and equipment used for a particular purpose. Dictionary example: fishing/camping g~.

grade

(noun) LEVEL

harmony

(noun) PEACE

folks

(noun) PEOPLE

ingredient

(noun) SUCCESS.one of the parts of something successful. Dictionary example: Trust is an essential ingredient in a successful marriage.

cost

(noun) THING GIVEN.[U or no plural] something that you give or lose, in order to get or achieve something else. Dictionary examples: He rescued four people at the cost of his own life. She finally got the job she wanted, but at great personal cost. It's not worth getting into an argument with Tim, as I learned to my cost.

help

(noun) THING THAT HELPS

generation

(noun) TIME

connection

(noun) TRAVEL.[C] a train, bus or aircraft that leaves a short time after another arrives, so people can continue their journey. Dictionary example: The train was half an hour late and I missed my connection.

belief

(noun) TRUE

balance

(noun) WEIGHT.[U] when the weight of someone or something is spread in such a way that they do not fall over. Dictionary examples: I *lost* my b~ and fell off the bike. She had to hold onto the railings to *keep* her b~.

fate

(noun) WHAT HAPPENS.[C] what happens to someone, especially something bad. Dictionary examples: We want to decide our own fate. His fate is now in the hands of the jury.

future

(noun) WHAT WILL HAPPEN

cable

(noun) WIRE.[C or U] a set of wires, covered by plastic, that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc. Dictionary examples: The road had been dug up in order to lay cables. overhead power cables

delight(Word family: Nouns: delight Adjectives: delighted, delightful)

(noun)(something or someone that gives) great pleasure, satisfaction or happiness. Dictionary examples: The children screamed with d~. My sister's little boy is a real d~. I read your letter *with* great d~. He seems to take great d~ in teasing his sister.图

adjustment

(noun)CHANGE. a small change that you make to something so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable. SYN:modification.alteration. Dictionary examples: We've *made* a few a~s *to* the schedule. I have a few *minor* a~s to make. It just needs a few *slight* a~s.

expectation

(noun)[C usually plural] when you expect good things to happen in the future. Dictionary examples: The holiday lived up to all our expectations. I have high expectations for this job. We did so well - beyond all our expectations.

circumstance

(noun)a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is. Dictionary examples: I think she coped very well *under the* circumstances. The circumstances *surrounding* her death were suspicious. We oppose capital punishment *in all/under* any circumstances. *Under no* circumstances should you approach the man. The meeting has been cancelled *due to* circumstances *beyond our control*.

household

(noun)a family or group of people who live together in a house. Dictionary examples: By the 1960s, most households had a TV. household chores household expenses

corridor

(noun)a long passage in a building or train. Dictionary example: Her office is at the end of the c~.

bench

(noun)a long seat for two or more people, usually made of wood or metal. Dictionary example: a park bench

dealer

(noun)a person who buys and sells a particular type of goods. Dictionary examples: a car dealer an antiques dealer an art dealer

consumer (Word family: Nouns: consumer, consumption Verbs: consume)

(noun)a person who buys goods or services for their own use. Dictionary examples: The new telephone rates will affect all c~s including businesses. c~ *rights/advice*

addict

(noun)a person who cannot stop doing or using something, especially something harmful. Dictionary examples: a *drug/heroin* a~ a *gambling* a~ I'm a chocolate/shopping a~.

editor

(noun)a person who corrects or changes text, film, etc., or a person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine. Dictionary examples: She's a senior editor in the reference department of a publishing company. Who is the current editor of the Times?

economist

(noun)a person who studies or has a special knowledge of economics.

graph

(noun)a picture with measurements marked on it as lines or curves, used to compare different things or show the development of something. Dictionary example: This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years.图

cardigan

(noun)a piece of clothing often made from wool, that covers the upper part of the body and fastens at the front. Dictionary example: My worst present ever was an orange and green knit c~ from my aunt.

bikini

(noun)a piece of clothing with two parts that women wear for swimming. Dictionary example: I packed my b~ for the beach.

bra

(noun)a piece of women's underwear that supports the breasts.

basement

(noun)a room or set of rooms that is below ground level in a building. Dictionary example: a b~ *apartment.*

cellar

(noun)a room under the ground floor of a building, usually used for storage. Dictionary example: He keeps his wine in the c~.

hedge

(noun)a row of bushes growing close together, often used to divide land into separate areas. Dictionary example: The tennis court was surrounded by a thick hedge.

crab

(noun)a sea creature with ten legs and a round, flat body covered by a shell, or the meat from this animal. Dictionary example: c~ salad.

bush

(noun)a short, thick plant with a lot of branches. Dictionary example: a rose bush

frost

(noun)a thin, white layer of ice that forms on surfaces at night when it is very cold, or a time when the temperature is very cold and water freezes.图 Dictionary examples: When I woke up this morning the ground was covered with f~. There was a f~ last night. There were a lot of hard f~s that winter.

deadline

(noun)a time or day by which something must be done. Dictionary examples: There's no way I can meet that deadline. We're working with a tight deadline. I'm afraid you missed the deadline for applications - it was May 30th.

broadband

(noun)a type of Internet connection that allows large amounts of information to be sent or received very quickly. Dictionary example: We've got b~ at home.

guarantee

(noun)a written promise made by a company to repair one of its products or give you a new one if it has a fault. Dictionary examples: a money-back guarantee I'm afraid this camera is no longer under guarantee.

coaching

(noun)additional teaching of a sport, a skill or a school subject . Dictionary example: She has extra coaching in math.

cast

(noun)all the actors in a film, play or show. Dictionary examples: After the final performance, the director threw a party for the c~. Part of the film's success lies in the strength of the supporting c~.

craft

(noun)an activity in which you make something using a lot of skill, especially with your hands. Dictionary examples: the c~ of furniture-making/boat-building rural/ancient/traditional c~.

grown-up

(noun)an adult, used especially when talking to children. Dictionary example: Ask a grown-up to cut the shape out for you.

gambling

(noun)the activity of betting money, for example in a game or on a horse race. Dictionary example: G~ can be addictive.图

carbon footprint

(noun)the amount of energy that a person or organization uses in order to exist or operate. Dictionary example: Many of us could r~ our carbon footprint by taking fewer flights and insulating our homes better.碳排放

budget

(noun)the amount of money a person or organization has available to spend. Dictionary examples: an *annual* budget of $40 million They are *over/under/on/within* budget. They have a very *tight* budget.

human rights

(noun)the basic rights that every person should have, such as justice and freedom to say what you think. Dictionary example: international laws protecting human rights

highlight

(noun)the best or most important part of something. Dictionary example: The boat trip was one of the highlights of our vacation.

campus

(noun)the buildings of a college or university and the land that surrounds them。 Dictionary example: There's housing for about five hundred students *on* c~.

burglary

(noun)the crime of illegally entering a building and stealing things. Dictionary example: He was charged with b~.

facilities(Word family: Nouns: facilities, facility Verbs: facilitate)

(noun)the equipment and services provided for a particular purpose. Dictionary examples: athletic f~ies. The exercise f~ies at our gym are excellent.

curiosity(Word family: Nouns: curiosity Adjectives: curious Adverbs: curiously)

(noun)the feeling of wanting to know or learn about something. Dictionary examples: My c~ got the better of me and I opened the envelope. Just out of c~, how did you get my address?

blade

(noun)the flat part on a knife or similar tool or weapon, with a very thin edge used for cutting. Dictionary example: a sword with a steel blade

the first person

(noun)the form of a verb or pronoun that is used when people are speaking or writing about themselves. For example, "I" and "we" are first person pronouns. Dictionary example: Autobiographies are written in the f~ person.

carbon dioxide

(noun)the gas formed when c~ is burned, or when people or animals breathe out. Dictionary example: c~ dioxide emissions.二氧化碳

council

(noun)the group of people elected to govern a particular area, town or city, and organize services for it. Dictionary examples: the New York City Council The town/city council is responsible for keeping the streets clean.

headquarters

(noun)the place from where an organization is controlled. Dictionary example: The bank's headquarters are in New York.

generosity(Word family: Nouns: generosity Adjectives: generous Adverbs: generously)

(noun)the quality of being generous. Dictionary example: Her friends take advantage of her g~.

honesty

(noun)the quality of being honest. Dictionary example: I appreciate your honesty.

kindness

(noun)the quality of being kind. Dictionary example: love and kindness

equality

(noun)the right of different groups of people to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment. Dictionary examples: equality between the sexes racial/sexual equality

atom

(noun)the smallest unit that an element can be divided into Dictionary example: A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) has one carbon atom and two oxygen a~s.

hunting

(noun)the sport of chasing and killing animals. Dictionary examples: deer hunting She's completely against hunting of any kind.

astonishment

(noun)very great surprise. Dictionary examples: *To my* a~, she started laughing. She gasped *in* a~.

bravery

(noun)when someone is brave. Dictionary example: He was awarded a medal for his b~ in battle.

dishonesty

(noun)when someone is not honest Dictionary example: Her dishonesty landed her in prison.

disappearance

(noun)when someone or something disappears. Dictionary example: A man was being questioned in connection with her disappearance.

coincidence

(noun)when two very similar things happen at the same time but there is no reason for it. Dictionary examples: You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us - what a c~! Just by c~ I met my old friend and classmate again fifty years later. It was pure c~ that we met.

eagerness

(noun)when you are eager to do something. Dictionary example: In their e~ *to* find a solution, they have overlooked certain difficulties.

enjoyment

(noun)when you enjoy something. Dictionary example: Knowing the ending already didn't spoil my enjoyment of the film.

at

(preposition)AMOUNT.used to show a price, temperature, rate, speed, etc. Dictionary example: He was driving a~ 120 mph when the police spotted him.

Google

(verb)

call

(verb) ASK TO COME.[I or T] to ask someone to come somewhere. Dictionary examples: She called me into her office. He called me over to where he was sitting. I keep the bedroom door open in case the children call for me during the night. I was called to an emergency meeting this morning.

check

(verb) ASK.[I] to ask someone for permission to do something. Dictionary example: I'd like to stay overnight, but I need to check with my parents.

charge

(verb) ATTACK.[I or T] to attack someone or something by moving forward quickly. Dictionary examples: The bull lowered its horns and charged. The violence began when the police charged at a crowd of demonstrators.

draw

(verb) ATTRACT.[T] to attract someone to a place or person. Dictionary example: He's an excellent speaker who always draws a crowd.

feel

(verb) BE AWARE

correspond

(verb) BE SIMILAR.to be the same or very similar. Dictionary examples: *closely/directly c~ to/with sth*. The money I've saved c~s roughly *to* the amount I need for my course. The American FBI c~s *to* the British MI5. His story of what happened that night didn't c~ *with* the witness's version.

communicate

(verb) BE UNDERSTOOD.[I] to be understood by someone when you tell them about your feelings and thoughts. Dictionary example: He can't communicate with his parents.

form

(verb) BEGIN TO EXIST

copy

(verb) BEHAVE.[T] to behave like someone else. Dictionary example: He tends to copy his brother in the way he dresses.

expect

(verb) BEHAVE.[T] to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing. Dictionary example: You will be expected to work some weekends.

beat

(verb) BETTER THAN.to be better than Dictionary example: I take the train - it beats driving for seven hours.

chew

(verb) BITE.to repeatedly bite something without swallowing it. Dictionary examples: She was c~ing gum. Our dog loves a bone to c~ (on). She sat in the dentist's waiting room, nervously c~ (at) her nails.

bend

(verb) BODY.to move your body or part of your body so that it is not straight. Dictionary examples: B~ your knees when lifting heavy objects. She b~t down to pick up the pen. Now, b~ forwards/over and touch your toes!

gather

(verb) COLLECT

catch

(verb) CRIMINAL.[T] If the police catch a criminal, they find them and take them away. Dictionary example: These terrorists must be caught.

bend

(verb) CURVE.to (cause to) curve. Dictionary example: The trees were b~ing in the wind.

approach

(verb) DEAL WITH.[T] to deal with something. Dictionary example: I'm not sure how to a~ the problem.

fix

(verb) DECIDE

force

(verb) GIVE NO CHOICE

head

(verb) LEADER

cost

(verb) LOSE.to cause someone to lose or destroy something valuable. Dictionary examples: Drinking and driving costs lives. His affairs cost him his marriage.

haunt

(verb) MEMORY/FEELING

compose

(verb) MUSIC.to write a piece of music. Dictionary example: Who c~ed the music for the film?

balance

(verb) NOT FALLING.[I or T] to be in a position where you will not fall to either side, or to put something in this position. Dictionary examples: She was trying to b~ a book *on* her head. The flamingoes b~ed gracefully *on* one leg.

display

(verb) ON SCREEN.[I or T] to show something electronically such as on a computer screen. Dictionary example: The text can be displayed and edited on screen.

fix

(verb) PREPARE

block

(verb) PREVENT.to prevent movement through or past something. Dictionary examples: A fallen tree is blocking the road. Earl scored 28 points and blocked five shots.

burn

(verb) PRODUCE ENERGY.to use fuel to produce energy. Dictionary examples: A car this size burns a lot of gas. Exercise helps me burn fat and build muscle.

guard

(verb) PROTECT.to protect someone or something from being attacked or stolen. Dictionary example: Soldiers guard the main doors of the embassy.

confirm

(verb) PROVE TRUE.[T] to say or show that something is true. Dictionary examples: His wife confirmed that he had left the house that morning. The leader's speech was impressive and confirmed her faith in the party.

insist

(verb) SAY FIRMLY.to say firmly that something is true. Dictionary example: Greg still insists (that) he did nothing wrong.

correct

(verb) SHOW MISTAKE.to show someone the mistakes in something they have said or written. Dictionary example: Our teacher normally corrects our pronunciation.

itch

(verb) SKIN.If a part of your body itches, it feels uncomfortable and you want to rub it with your nails. Dictionary example: Woollen sweaters make my arms itch.

establish

(verb) START.to start a company or organization that is likely to continue for a long time. Dictionary example: The brewery was established in 1822.

defend

(verb) SUPPORT.to support someone or something that is being criticized. Dictionary examples: The newspaper's editor d~ed his decision to publish the photos. They are fighting to d~ their beliefs/interests/rights.

adopt

(verb) TAKE CHILD. [I or T] to legally become the parents of someone else's child. Dictionary examples: They've a~ed a baby girl. She was adopted when she was four. She had the child a~ed.

absorb

(verb) TAKE IN.to take something in, especially gradually. Dictionary examples: Plants absorb carbon dioxide. The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.

involve

(verb) TAKE PART.to make someone be part of an activity or process. Dictionary example: I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning.

go

(verb) TIME

invest

(verb) TIME/ENERGY, ETC.to use a lot of time, effort, or emotions because you want to succeed. Dictionary example: You have all invested significant amounts of time and energy in making this project the success that it is.

brush

(verb) TOUCH.[I or T] to lightly touch someone or something as you move past. Dictionary examples: Charlotte brushed against him as she left the room. His lips gently brushed her cheek and he was gone.

feel

(verb) TOUCH.[I or T] to touch something, especially with your hands, in order to examine it. Dictionary examples: I felt his head and it was hot. Just feel how cold my hands are! I was feeling around in my bag for the keys.

carry

(verb) TRANSPORT

fight

(verb) TRY TO ACHIEVE

fight

(verb) TRY TO STOP

go

(verb) WORKING

bother

(verb) WORRY.[T] to make someone feel worried or upset. Dictionary examples: Does it bother you that he's out so much of the time? It bothers me that he doesn't seem to notice. Living on my own has never bothered me. I don't care if he doesn't come - it doesn't bother me.

correspond

(verb) WRITE.to communicate with someone by writing letters. Dictionary example: I c~ed *with* him when he was at school. We c~ by e-mail. They had c~ed ever since the war.

inquire

(verb)to ask for information. Dictionary examples: Should I inquire about the price of tickets? She called to inquire whether her car would be ready by 5. "Where are we going?" he inquired.

benefit

(verb)to be helped by something or to help someone. Dictionary examples: I feel that I have benefited greatly from her experience. How can we benefit those who most need our help?

differ

(verb)to be not like something or someone else, either physically or in another way. Dictionary examples: The twins look alike, but they differ in other ways. His views differ considerably from those of his parents. The findings of the various studies differ greatly/widely.

double

(verb)to become twice the original size or amount, or to make something do this. Dictionary examples: The government aims to double the number of students in higher education within 25 years. Company profits have doubled since the introduction of new technology.

betray

(verb)to behave in a dishonest or cruel way to someone who trusts you. Dictionary examples: She felt b~ed by her mother's lack of support. He promised never to b~ her.

cheat

(verb)to behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want. Dictionary examples: Anyone caught cheating during the test will be immediately disqualified. She was caught cheating on her French exam. He cheats at cards.

construct

(verb)to build something from several parts. Dictionary examples: The building was constructed in 1930. The walls are constructed of concrete. You need this information to construct a basic sentence.

import

(verb)to buy or bring in products from another country. Dictionary example: We import a large number of cars from Japan.

demolish

(verb)to completely destroy a building, especially in order to use the land for something else. Dictionary example: A number of houses were d~ed so that the supermarket could be built.

chop

(verb)to cut something into pieces with an axe, knife, or other sharp instrument. Dictionary examples: He was c~ing wood in the yard. Add some fresh parsley, finely c~ed. C~ (up) the onions and carrots.

cope

(verb)to deal successfully with a difficult situation. Dictionary examples: How does she cope with three small children and a job? It was too stressful and eventually he just couldn't cope. Tires generally don't cope well on wet roads.

divorce

(verb)to end a marriage by an official or legal process. Dictionary example: She's divorcing her husband.

analyze

(verb)to examine the details of something carefully, in order to understand or explain it Dictionary examples: Researchers a~ed purchases made by 6300 households. Water samples taken from streams were a~ed *for* chemical contaminants.

encounter

(verb)to experience something unpleasant. Dictionary example: We encountered quite a few problems at the beginning.

challenge

(verb)to express disagreement with ideas, rules, or someone's authority. Dictionary example: Children challenge their parents' authority far more nowadays than they did in the past.

ban

(verb)to forbid something, especially officially. Dictionary examples: The film was b~ed in several countries. She was b~ed *from* driving for two years.

cheer

(verb)to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement. Dictionary examples: Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals. He was cheering for the other side.

award

(verb)to give money or a prize following an official decision. Dictionary examples: He was a~ed the Nobel Prize for physics. The university has a~ed her a $500 travel grant.

entitle

(verb)to give someone the right to do or have something. Dictionary examples: I'm e~ed to apply for citizenship. Becoming unemployed e~es you to collect unemployment insurance payments.

kneel

(verb)to go down into, or stay in, a position where one or both knees are on the ground. Dictionary examples: She knelt (down) beside the child. He knelt in front of the altar and prayed.

cruise

(verb)to go on a cruise or boat trip. Dictionary example: They're currently c~ing around the Caribbean.

descend(Word family: Nouns: descendant Verbs: descend)

(verb)to go or come down. Dictionary examples: The path d~ed steeply into the valley. Jane d~ed the stairs.

dash

(verb)to go somewhere quickly. Dictionary examples: I've been dashing around all day. Mary's always dashing from one meeting to another.

estimate

(verb)to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of something. Dictionary examples: Sources estimate a long-term 50% increase in train fares. They estimate that the trip will take at least two weeks. It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been destroyed. The number of dead is estimated at over three hundred.

boost

(verb)to improve or increase something. Dictionary examples: The theater managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices. Everyone's spirits were boosted by Mom's recovery. Getting the job had really boosted her confidence.

cause

(verb)to make something happen, especially something bad. Dictionary examples: The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents. Most heart attacks are caused by blood clots. The bright light caused her to look away.

edit

(verb)to prepare text, film, etc. by deciding what to include and by correcting mistakes. Dictionary examples: Janet edited books for a variety of publishers. The film's 129 minutes were edited down from 150 hours of footage.

export

(verb)to send goods to another country for sale. Dictionary examples: French cheeses are exported to many different countries. Our clothes sell so well in this country that we have no need to export.

broadcast

(verb)to send out a program on television, radio or the Internet. Dictionary examples: The game is being broadcast on ESPN. Today, we are broadcasting livefrom Denver.

emphasize

(verb)to show that something is especially important or needs special attention. Dictionary examples: She emphasized the need for a better diet. He emphasized that the driver was not to blame for the accident. You can use italics or capitals to emphasize a word in a piece of writing.

cease

(verb)to stop. Dictionary examples: He ordered his men to c~ firing. The company has decided to c~ all UK operations after this year. She never c~s to amaze me.

coach

(verb)to teach someone so they improve at a sport, skill, or a school subject. Dictionary example: She coaches students in French, usually for exams.

assure

(verb)to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry. Dictionary example: She a~ed him *(that)* the car would be ready the next day.

congratulate

(verb)to tell someone that you are happy because they have done something good or something good has happened to them. Dictionary example: I was just congratulating Ceri on winning her race.

assume

(verb)to think that something is true, without question or proof. Dictionary examples: I a~ed *(that)* you knew each other because you went to the same school. I invited her just a~ing she would want to come.

envy

(verb)to wish that you had something that someone else has. Dictionary examples: I e~ her ability to talk to people she's never met before. I don't e~ you the job of cooking for all those people.

knock sb out

DEFEAT IN COMPETITION.to make someone become unconscious, usually by hitting them on the head Dictionary example: He was knocked out halfway through the fight.

cut down sth or cut sth down

DIET.to eat or drink less of a particular thing, usually in order to improve your health. Dictionary example: I'm trying to c~ down on the amount of sugar I eat.

burst into sth

ENTER SUDDENLY.to enter a room or building suddenly and without warning. Dictionary example: The head of the department suddenly b~ into the conference room.

go off

EXPLODE.If a bomb or a gun g~s off, it explodes or fires. Dictionary example: A bomb w~ off in the parking lot, killing three people.

come down

FALL. to drop to the ground or floor. Dictionary examples: A lot of trees c~ down in the storm. Our plane c~ down in a field. We watched the building c~ down in a controlled explosion.

get away

GO SOMEWHERE.to go somewhere for a short vacation, often because you need to rest. Dictionary example: I just need to g~ away for a few days.

fit in with sth

If one thing fits in with another thing, it belongs with them or they are suitable for each other. Dictionary example: It's a very nice sofa but it doesn't f~ in with the rest of the furniture.

break out

If something dangerous or unpleasant breaks out, it suddenly starts. Dictionary examples: War b~ out in 1914. The fire b~ out in the early morning. Fighting has b~en out all over the city.

deep down

If you know or feel something d~ down, you are certain that it is true, or you feel it strongly although you do not admit it or show it. Dictionary example: D~ down, I knew that I was right.

burst into sth

MAKE A NOISE.to suddenly start to make a noise, especially to start crying. Dictionary examples: She put the phone down and b~ into tears. The children gathered on the stage suddenly b~ into song.

go off

MAKE NOISE.If something that makes a noise goes off, it suddenly starts making a noise. Dictionary example: His car alarm g~s off every time it rains.

come up

MOVE TOWARD.to move toward someone. Dictionary example: A young girl c~ up to me and asked for money.

catch up (sb) or catch (sb) up

REACH SOMEONE.to reach someone in front of you by going faster than them. Dictionary examples: I ran after her and managed to c~ up with her. You go on ahead - I'll c~ up later.

cut down sth or cut sth down

REDUCE.to reduce the amount, number, length or size of something. Dictionary example: They've c~ her hours down at work.

keep up (with sb/sth)

SAME SPEED.to move at the same speed as someone or something that is moving forward so that you stay level with them. Dictionary example: She was walking so fast I couldn't keep up with her.

give away sth or give sth away

SECRET.to tell people something secret, often without intending to. Dictionary example: The party was supposed to be a surprise, but Sharon g~ it away.

go ahead

START.to start to do something. Dictionary examples: We now have permission to g~ ahead with the project. The vote will g~ ahead today as planned.

come to sth

TOTAL.to be a particular total when numbers or amounts are added together. Dictionary example: That c~s to $50, please.

go for sth

TRY TO GET.(informal)to try to get or achieve something. Dictionary examples: He'll be g~ing for his fifth Olympic gold medal. "I'm g~ing to apply for that job." "Yeah, go for it!"

keep up (with sb/sth)

UNDERSTAND.to be able to understand or deal with something that is happening or changing very fast. Dictionary example: It's important to keep up with international news.

the charts

a drawing which shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts. Dictionary example: a sales c~.

first/second/third, etc. gear

a particular position of the gears in a motor vehicle or bicycle that controls how fast the wheels turn. Dictionary example: The light turned green, but I couldn't get into first g~.

the last

a person or thing that does something after all the others. Dictionary example: We were the last to get there.

a handful of

a small number of people or things. Dictionary example: Only a handful of people came to the meeting.

yet again

again after something has happened or been done many times before. Dictionary example: The bus was late yet a~.

strangely enough

although it may seem strange. Dictionary example: Strangely e~, I was just speaking to him the other day.although it may seem strange Dictionary example: Strangely enough, I was just speaking to him the other day.

an army/prison/refugee, etc. camp

an area containing temporary buildings or tents used for soldiers/prisoners/refugees. Dictionary example:detention camp.

in response to

as an answer to. Dictionary example: I'm writing in response to your letter of February 14.

in due course

at a suitable time in the future. Dictionary example: The results will be sent to you in d~ course.

at your convenience

at a time that is convenient to you. Dictionary example: We can meet at your c~.

in the near future

at a time that is not far away. Dictionary example: Space travel may become very common in the near f~.

just as

at the same time as. Dictionary example: She woke up just as we got there.

at sb's disposal

available for you to use at any time. Dictionary example: We will have a car a~ our disposal for the whole trip.

in stock

available in a store or other place. Dictionary example: Do you have the book in stock?

on account of sth

because of something. Dictionary example: He doesn't eat any dairy products on a~ of the diet he is following.

as a result of sth

because of something. Dictionary example: Unemployment has risen a~ a result of the credit crunch.

under control

being dealt with successfully. Dictionary example: Don't worry - everything's under c~.

at risk

being in a situation where something bad is likely to happen. Dictionary examples: All houses within 400 feet of the beach are a~ risk of flooding. Releasing these prisoners *puts* the public a~ risk.

Honduran/Canadian/Indian, etc. by birth

born in a particular place or with a particular nationality. Dictionary example: I grew up in Paris, but I'm Italian by b~.

either side/end, etc.

both sides/ends, etc. Dictionary example: Friends sat on e~ side of me on the plane.

by far

by a great amount. Dictionary example: They are b~ far the best students in the class.

bound to do sth

certain to do something, or certain to happen. Dictionary examples: You're b~ to feel nervous before your driving test. If you're stressed for a long period, it's b~ to affect your health.

without (a) doubt

certainly. Dictionary example: She is without doubt a great writer.

all in all

considering everything Dictionary example: A~ in a~, it was a great vacation.

in general

considering the whole of someone or something, and not just a particular part of them. Dictionary example: So, apart from the bad ankle, how are you in g~?

in two/half

divided into two equal parts。 Dictionary examples: Cut the potatoes in two. Divide the dough in half and roll it out into two circles.

aside from sth

except for. Dictionary example: This document needs finishing, but a~ from that I think everything is done.

bored/frightened/scared, etc. to death

extremely bored, frightened, scared, etc. Dictionary example: She's scared to d~ of dogs.

in good/high/low, etc. spirits

feeling good/excited/unhappy, etc. Dictionary example: The whole class was in good spirits that day.

all along

from the beginning of a period of time Dictionary example: I knew a~ along that it was a mistake.

in progress

happening or being done now. Dictionary example: Repair work is in progress on the south-bound lane of the motorway and will continue until June.

capable of sth/doing sth

having the ability, power or qualities to be able to do something. Dictionary examples: She is certainly capable of running the business. She was capable of great cruelty.

hand in hand

holding each other's hand. Dictionary example: The children walked hand in hand.

in this respect/in many respects

in a particular way, or in many ways. Dictionary example: The school has changed in many respects.

in private

in a place where nobody else can hear you or see what you are doing. Dictionary example: The meeting was held in private.

in place of sth

instead of something. Dictionary example: Try adding fruit to your cereal in place of sugar.

to a great/large, etc. extent

mainly. Dictionary example: Their anger was to a large e~ justified.

in a row

one after another without a break. Dictionary example: He's just won the tournament for the fifth year in a row.

all over again

repeated from the beginning. Dictionary example: We had to start all over a~.

at fault

responsible for something bad that has happened. Dictionary example: I was the one a~ fault and I apologized.

if you ask me

said when you are giving your opinion. Dictionary example: If you ask me, you should take that job.

by heart

so that you can remember all of something. Dictionary example: We had to learn the whole poem b~ heart.

common knowledge(ˈkɒm.ən)

something that a lot of people know。 Dictionary example: It's c~ knowledge that he spent time in jail.

last but not least

something that you say to introduce the last person or thing on a list. Dictionary example: This is Jeremy, this is Cath and, last but not least, this is Eva.

all of a sudden

suddenly Dictionary example: A~ of a sudden, he came running in.

for real

taken seriously, not pretended. Dictionary example: I thought it was just a practice, but apparently it was f~ real.

the headlines

the main stories in newspapers, on television, etc. Dictionary example: That story made headlines all over the world.

the atmosphere

the mixture of gases around the Earth. Dictionary example: These factories are releasing toxic gases into the a~.

the elder

the older person of two people. Dictionary example: Of the two brothers, Harvey is the e~.

the air

the space above and around things. Dictionary example: He kicked the ball high in the a~.

the law

the system of official rules in a country Dictionary examples: What does the law say about having alcohol in the blood while driving? Of course robbery is against the law! The judge ruled that the directors had knowingly broken the law. You can't take that course of action and remain within the law.

face up to sth

to accept that a difficult situation exists. Dictionary example: Eventually, he f~ed up to his money problems.

accept responsibility/blame

to admit that you caused something bad that happened. Dictionary example: I a~ full responsibility for the failure of the plan.

be in favor of sth

to agree with or approve of a plan or idea. Dictionary example: Most people are in favor of reducing traffic in cities.

set sb/sth free

to allow someone to leave prison or to allow a person or animal to escape. Dictionary example: He opened the cage and set the birds f~.

be expecting (a baby)

to be going to have a baby. Dictionary example: I'm e~ing our first baby in May.

have an eye for sth

to be good at noticing a particular type of thing. Dictionary example: Your son has a very good e~ for detail.

come up

to be happening soon. Dictionary example: Final exams are c~ing up next month.

be/mean everything

to be the most important part of someone's life. Dictionary examples: His children *mean* e~ *to* him. Money isn't e~.

be the case

to be true. Dictionary examples: Bad diet can cause tiredness, but I don't think that's the c~ here. I take it that the price includes breakfast - if that isn't the c~, please let us know.

can't keep/take your eyes off sb/sth

to be unable to stop looking at someone or something because they are so attractive or interesting. Dictionary example: He couldn't take his e~s off the wrapped gifts on the table.

be a disgrace

to be very bad. Dictionary example: It's a d~ that money is being wasted like this.

burn out

to become ill or very tired from working too hard. Dictionary example: If he keeps working this hard he'll just b~ out.

do damage/harm, etc.

to cause damage/harm, etc. Dictionary example: The fire d~ a lot of structural damage to the building.

knock sth down

to destroy a building or part of a building. Dictionary example: They've knocked down the old movie theater.

burn down (sth) or burn (sth) down

to destroy something, especially a building, by fire, or to be destroyed by fire. Dictionary examples: Their house b~ down while they were away on vacation. He tried to b~ down the school.

follow up sth or follow sth up

to discover more about a situation or take further action in connection with it. Dictionary example: I f~ up aerobic exercise with some weight lifting.

get rid of sth

to end something unpleasant. Dictionary example: I can't seem to g~ rid of this headache.

go over sth

to examine something, such as a piece of writing or some numbers, in order to make sure that it is correct. Dictionary example: I'm just g~ing over these figures one more time.

be found

to exist or be present somewhere. Dictionary examples: Many plant and animal species are f~d only in the rainforests. Vitamin C is f~ in citrus fruit.

count on sth

to expect something to happen and make plans based on it. Dictionary example: I didn't c~ on so many people coming to the party.

go through sth

to experience a difficult or unpleasant situation or event. Dictionary example: She's g~ing through a difficult time at her job.

be exposed to sth

to experience something or be affected by something because you are in a particular situation or place. Dictionary example: It was the first time I'd been e~ed to violence.

fall flat on your face

to fall over so that your face hits the ground, often in an embarrassing way. Dictionary example: I stepped on the ice and fell f~ on my face.

fix sth onto/to/under, etc.

to fasten something in position so that it cannot move. Dictionary example: We f~ed the bookcase to the wall.

fit in

to feel that you belong to a particular group and are accepted by them. Dictionary example: He doesn't f~ in *with* the other pupils in his class.

fade away

to gradually become less strong or clear and then disappear. Dictionary example: With time, memories of that painful summer would f~ away.

bump into sth

to hit something with force. Dictionary example: She b~ed into his tray, knocking the food onto his lap.

make a (big) difference

to improve a situation (a lot). Dictionary example: Exercise can make a big difference to your health.

avoid doing sth

to intentionally not do something. Dictionary example: She managed to a~ answering my question.

find sb guilty/not guilty

to judge that someone is guilty or not guilty in a law court. Dictionary example: She was f~d guilty *of* murder.

get across sth or get sth across

to manage to make someone understand or believe something. Dictionary examples: We tried to g~ our point across, but he just wouldn't listen. This is the message that we want to g~ across to the public.

be in doubt

to not be certain. Dictionary example: The future of the project is in doubt.

be in a dream

to not notice things that are around you because you are thinking about something else. Dictionary example:

take sb/sth for granted

to not show that you are grateful for someone or something, and forget that you are lucky to have them. Dictionary example: Most of us t~ our freedom for granted.

get hold of sth/sb

to obtain something, or to manage to speak to someone. Dictionary examples: I got hold of a copy at the library. I called three times, but couldn't get hold of her.

give a performance/speech, etc.

to perform or speak in public. Dictionary example: Tony g~ a great speech to open the conference.

glance at/over/through, etc.

to read something quickly. Dictionary example: She g~ed through the newspaper.

capture sb/sth on camera/film, etc.

to record someone or something on camera/film, etc. Dictionary example: He was c~ed on film swearing at the referee.

change the subject

to start talking about a different subject. Dictionary example: I tried to explain, but he just changed the subject.

keep sth off (sb/sth)

to stop something touching or harming someone or something. Dictionary example: He put a cloth over the food to keep the flies off.

leave sb alone

to stop talking to or annoying someone. Dictionary example: Leave him a~, he's tired.

back up sb or back sb up

to support or help someone. Dictionary examples: My family b~ed me up in my fight for compensation. The last witness b~ed up what other people had said happened.

chat sb up or chat up sb

to talk to someone in a way that shows them that you are sexually attracted to them. Dictionary example: He spends hours in cafés, c~ing up the waitresses.

deal with sb

to talk to someone or meet someone, especially as part of your job. Dictionary example: She's used to dealing with difficult customers.

agree with sth

to think that something is correct or acceptable. Dictionary example: I don't a~ with hunting.

make the best of sth

to try to be positive about a situation you do not like but cannot change. Dictionary example: Our hotel room is pretty small, but we'll just have to make the b~ of it.

discourage sb from doing sth(Word family: Nouns: encouragement Verbs: discourage, encourage Adjectives: encouraging)

to try to persuade someone not to do something. Dictionary example: Her parents tried to d~ her from seeing him.

in sb's direction

towards someone. Dictionary example: She keeps looking in my d~.

judging by/from

used to express the reasons why you have a particular opinion. Dictionary example: Judging by what he said, I think it's very unlikely that he'll be able to support your application.

on balance(Word family: Nouns: balance Verbs: balance Adjectives: balanced, unbalanced)

used to give your opinion after you have considered all the facts about something. Dictionary example: I think that on b~, I'd prefer to come straight home.

as follows

used to introduce a list or description. Dictionary example: The main reasons are a~ follows.

for once

used to mean that something is happening that does not usually happen. Dictionary example: F~ once, the bus was on time.

at least

used to reduce the effect of a statement. Dictionary example: I've met the President - at l~, he shook my hand once.

despite the fact that

used to refer to a situation which is surprising in relation to something that is true or happens. Dictionary example: The company has been forced to reduce its price, d~ the fact that the offer has been very popular.

not exactly

used to say that something is not completely true. Dictionary example: "So you gave her your book?" "Not exactly, I lent it to her."

it appears (that)

used to say that something seems to be true. Dictionary example: It a~s that he had asked someone to drive him home from the party.

among other things

used to say that there are other details or examples in addition to the ones you are mentioning. Dictionary example: It's worth visiting the museum while you're here. There's an exhibition about Darwin and a good collection of paintings, a~ other things.

with all your heart

used to say that you feel something very strongly. Dictionary example: I thank you with all my heart.

as far as I know

used to say that you think something is true, but cannot be sure. Dictionary example: A~ far a~ I know, he's never been in trouble with the police.

to (the best of) my knowledge

used to say that you think that something is true, but cannot be sure. Dictionary example: To the best of my knowledge, she's never worked abroad.

it's sb/sth

used to say the name of a person or thing when the person you are speaking to does not know. Dictionary example: It's your Dad on the phone.

in connection with sth

used to say what something is about。 Dictionary examples: I am writing in c~ with the above job advertised in The Daily Press on Monday 12th February. A man has been arrested in c~ with last month's murder.

or else

used to say what will happen if another thing does not happen. Dictionary example: We must be there by six, or else we'll miss the beginning.

Good for you!

used to show approval for someone's success or good luck. Dictionary example: You passed your exam? G~ for you!

compared to/with sb/sth

used when saying how one person or thing is different from another. Dictionary examples: This road is quite busy c~ to ours. Children seem to learn more interesting things c~ with when we were at school.

I know

used when you agree with something someone has just said. Dictionary example: "It's a lovely day, isn't it?" "I know - let's hope it lasts."

I guess so/not

used when you agree/disagree but are not completely certain about something。 Dictionary example: "So they're still living in the same house?" "I guess so."

great big

very big. Dictionary example: I gave her a great big hug.

the following

what comes next, often used to introduce a list, report, etc. Dictionary example: The f~ing is an extract from her diary.

in relation to sth

when compared with something. Dictionary example: Salaries are low in relation to the cost of living.

as a whole

when considered as a group and not in parts. Dictionary example: The population a~ a whole is getting healthier.

give way to sth

when one thing or feeling changes to a different one. Dictionary example: My excitement g~ way to fear when I drove a car for the first time.

a deep sleep

when someone is sleeping in a way that makes it difficult to wake them up. Dictionary example: He fell into a d~ sleep.

a broken heart

when you are very sad because of the end of a relationship. Dictionary example: They said she died of a b~ heart.

in writing

An agreement that is in writing is official and is proof of that agreement. Dictionary example: Please confirm your reservation in writing.

get into sth

BE CHOSEN.to succeed in being chosen or elected. Dictionary example: He g~ into Harvard.

cool down/off (sb/sth) or cool (sb/sth) down/off

BECOME CALMER.to become calmer, or to make someone become calmer. Dictionary example: Just leave her to c~ off and then talk to her.

go for sth

CHOOSE.to choose something. Dictionary example: I don't know whether to g~ for the fish or the steak.

joint

(adjective) belonging to or shared between two or more people. Dictionary examples: a joint bank account The project was a joint effort between the two schools. The two Russian ice-skaters came joint second in the world championship. Adrian has a joint honours degree in English and philosophy.

additional

(adjective) extra. Dictionary examples: a~ *costs/problems*. There will be an e~ charge for any additional passengers. a~ *resources / funds / security*

bitter

(adjective) ANGRY.angry and upset because of something bad that has happened that you cannot forget. Dictionary examples: I feel very b~ about my childhood and the way I was treated. She'd suffered terribly over the years but it hadn't made her b~.

fixed

(adjective) ARRANGED.arranged or decided already and not able to be changed Dictionary examples: a f~ price. f~ interest rates.

abstract

(adjective) ART.Abstract art involves shapes and colors and not images of real things or people. Dictionary example: abstract *paintings/sculpture.*

equal

(adjective) AS IMPORTANT.the same in importance and deserving the same treatment. Dictionary examples: All people are equal, deserving the same rights as each other. They've got a long way to go before they achieve equal *pay/opportunities* for men and women.

eastern

(adjective) ASIA.in or from the countries of Asia Dictionary example: Buddhism and other E~ religions fascinate me.

hopeless

(adjective) BAD AT SOMETHING.very bad at a particular activity. Dictionary examples: I'm hopeless at sports. He's a hopeless cook.

bold

(adjective) BRAVE.not frightened of taking risks. Dictionary examples: She was a bold and fearless climber. It was a bold decision to go and live abroad. The newspaper made the bold move/took the bold step of publishing the names of the men involved.

commercial

(adjective) BUYING AND SELLING.related to buying and selling things. Dictionary examples: a commercial organization/success. The commercial future of the company looks very promising.

fatal

(adjective) CAUSING DEATH.A fatal illness or accident causes death. Dictionary examples: This illness is f~ in almost all cases. the f~ shooting of an unarmed 15-year-old.

confident

(adjective) CERTAIN.being certain that something will happen. Dictionary examples: Are you confident that enough people will attend the event? They don't sound confident about the future of the industry.

bitter

(adjective) COLD.extremely cold. Dictionary example: a b~ wind.

interactive

(adjective) COMPUTER GAMES.Interactive computer games, programs, etc. involve the user by reacting to the way they use them. Dictionary examples: an interactive game This is an interactive museum where children can actively manipulate the exhibits.

domestic

(adjective) COUNTRY.relating to a person's own country Dictionary examples: domestic airlines/flights Domestic opinion had turned against the war.

bloody

(adjective) COVERED IN BLOOD.covered in blood. Dictionary example: a bloody nose

artistic

(adjective) CREATIVE ABILITY.showing skill and imagination in creating things, especially in painting, drawing, etc. Dictionary examples: Both children are very a~. a~ talent.

alternative

(adjective) DIFFERENT PLAN.[always before noun] ( US also alternate) An alternative plan, method, etc. is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one. Dictionary example: a~ ways / approach / methods to learning. We can make a~ arrangements if necessary.

awkward

(adjective) DIFFICULT.difficult or causing problems. Dictionary examples: an a~ *shape*. Some of the questions were a~. The large box was a~ *to* carry.

bitter

(adjective) DISAPPOINTED.making you feel very disappointed. Dictionary examples: Failing the final exam was a b~ *disappointment* for me. She learned *through* b~ *experience* that he was not to be trusted.

impatient

(adjective) EASILY ANNOYED.easily annoyed by someone's mistakes or because you have to wait. Dictionary examples: He's a good teacher, but he can be impatient with slow learners. Don't be so impatient, you'll get your turn.

delicate

(adjective) EASY TO DAMAGE.easy to damage or break. Dictionary examples: d~ china. D~ plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the winter.图

bold

(adjective) EASY TO NOTICE.strong in color or shape and therefore easy to notice. Dictionary example: bold colors/letters

green

(adjective) ENVIRONMENT

dead

(adjective) EQUIPMENT.If a piece of equipment is dead, it is not working. Dictionary examples: a dead battery The phone suddenly went dead.

fine

(adjective) EXCELLENT

known

(adjective) FAMILIAR. recognised or known about by most people. Dictionary examples: These people are known criminals. He is known to the police because of his previous criminal record.

distant

(adjective) FAR AWAY.far away. Dictionary examples: a distant country She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.

fierce

(adjective) FEELING.showing strong feeling or energetic activity. Dictionary examples: The expansion plans will face f~ *opposition/resistance* from environmentalists. There is f~ *competition* to join the Special Branch.图

external

(adjective) FROM A DIFFERENT PLACE. coming from or relating to another country, group, organization, etc. Dictionary examples: Most news magazines have a section devoted to e~ affairs. All exams are marked by an e~ *reviewer*.

amused

(adjective) FUNNY.showing that you think something is funny Dictionary examples: an a~ smile. She was very a~ *by/at* your comments.

capable

(adjective) GOOD AT DOING THINGS.able to do things effectively and achieve results. Dictionary examples: She's a very capable young woman. He's very capable.

great

(adjective) IMPORTANT

inner

(adjective) LOCATION.on the inside or near the middle of something. Dictionary example: Leading off the main hall is a series of small inner rooms.

junior

(adjective) LOWER RANK.low or lower in rank or position. Dictionary examples: a junior minister junior office staff

faithful

(adjective) LOYAL.loyal. Dictionary examples: a faithful friend His faithful old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.

automatic

(adjective) MACHINE.An automatic machine works by itself or with little human control. Dictionary example: a~ doors.

decisive

(adjective) MAKING DECISIONS.able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality. Dictionary examples: You need to be more d~. a d~ reply.

general

(adjective) MOST PEOPLE

free

(adjective) NOT LIMITED

independent

(adjective) NOT RULED.An independent country is not governed or ruled by another country. Dictionary examples: Belize became fully independent from Britain in 1981. Tibet, once an independent country, is now part of China.

free

(adjective) NOT USED

alternative

(adjective) NOT USUAL.different from what is usual or traditional. Dictionary examples: a~ *fuels*. an a~ *lifestyle*.

ambitious

(adjective) PLAN.If a plan or idea is ambitious, it will need a lot of work and will be difficult to achieve. Dictionary examples: This is our most a~ *project* so far. She has some a~ *plans* for her business.

decent

(adjective) SATISFACTORY.of a satisfactory quality or level. Dictionary examples: He earns a d~ salary. I haven't had a d~ cup of coffee since I've been here.

critical

(adjective) SERIOUS.extremely serious or dangerous. Dictionary example: The doctors said her condition was c~ and she might not survive.

extreme

(adjective) SERIOUS.the most unusual or the most serious possible. Dictionary examples: extreme weather conditions In extreme cases, the disease can lead to blindness.

irregular

(adjective) SHAPE.not smooth or straight, or having parts that are different sizes. Dictionary example: an irregular coastline

delicate

(adjective) SOFT.soft, light or gentle. Dictionary examples: a d~ flavour a d~ shade of pink.

golden

(adjective) SPECIAL.special, successful, or giving someone an advantage. Dictionary example: He has a g~ opportunity to do research.

emotional

(adjective) STRONG FEELINGS.having and expressing strong feelings. Dictionary examples: an emotional speech I felt quite emotional during the wedding ceremony.

deep

(adjective) STRONGLY FELT.A deep feeling or experience is very strong. Dictionary examples: deep regret Their son has been a deep disappointment to them.

intellectual

(adjective) THOUGHT.relating to your ability to think and to understand things, especially complicated ideas. Dictionary examples: intellectual and physical development I like detective stories and romances - nothing too intellectual.

conventional(Word family: Nouns: convention Adjectives: conventional, unconventional)

(adjective) TRADITIONAL.traditional and ordinary. Dictionary examples: c~ *behaviour/attitudes/clothes*. c~ *medicine/farming.* I find his art rather dull and c~.

inside

(adjective) UNDER SURFACE.in or on the part of something under its surface. Dictionary example: He put the documents carefully in his inside pocket.

down

(adjective) UNHAPPY.unhappy or unable to feel excited or energetic about anything. Dictionary examples: She's been really down since her husband died. I've been (feeling) a bit down this week.

jealous

(adjective) WANTING SOMETHING.unhappy and angry because you want something that someone else has. Dictionary example: He had always been very jealous of his brother's good looks.

junior

(adjective) YOUNG PEOPLE.for or relating to young people. Dictionary example: a junior tennis tournament

exclusive(Word family: Verbs: exclude Adjectives: exclusive Adverbs: exclusively)

(adjective) expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class. Dictionary examples: an e~ club/hotel/shop. an e~ part of town.

impolite

(adjective)(formal)not polite. Dictionary example: It is impolite to point at people.

classic

(adjective)A classic book, film, etc. is one that has been popular for a long time and is considered to be of a high quality. Dictionary example: a classic film/novel/story.

intransitive

(adjective)An intransitive verb does not have an object. Dictionary examples: In the sentence '"I tried to persuade him, but he wouldn't come'", "come" is an intransitive verb. In the Wordlist, verbs which are intransitive are marked [I].

clumsy

(adjective)C~ people move in a way that is not controlled or careful enough, and often knock over or damage things. Dictionary example: That's the third glass you've broken this week - you're so c~!

bothered

(adjective)If you are bothered by or about something, it is important to you and you are worried about it. Dictionary examples: He doesn't seem bothered by what people think of him. They were an hour late and she didn't seem at all bothered.

grown-up

(adjective)If you say that someone is grown-up, you mean that they are an adult or that they behave in a responsible way. Dictionary example: She has two grown-up children who work in the family business.

alphabetical

(adjective)arranged in the same order as the letters of the alphabet. Dictionary examples: an a~ list. The names are published *in* a~ *order*.

democratic

(adjective)based on the principles of democracy. Dictionary example: We must accept the results of a d~ election.

cowardly

(adjective)behaving in a way that shows you are not brave. Dictionary example: This was a particularly brutal and c~ attack.

biological

(adjective)connected with the natural processes of living things. Dictionary example: the biological sciences

developing

(adjective)describes a country or region of the world which is poor and has few industries. Dictionary example: the developing world/countries/nations

developed

(adjective)describes a country or region of the world with an advanced level of technology, industry, etc. Dictionary example: a developed country/nation

bad-tempered

(adjective)describes a person who becomes angry and annoyed easily. Dictionary example: She's very bad-t~ed in the morning!

fellow

(adjective)describes someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same situation as you. Dictionary examples: She introduced me to some of her f~ students. Our f~ travelers were mostly Spanish-speaking tourists.

last-minute

(adjective)done at the latest possible opportunity. Dictionary example: a last-minute cancellation

deliberate(Word family: Adjectives: deliberate Adverbs: deliberately)

(adjective)done intentionally or planned. Dictionary examples: a d~ *attack/insult/lie*. This was a d~ *attempt *to mislead us.

breakable

(adjective)easy to break. Dictionary example: That vase is b~ so be careful.

furious(Word family: Nouns: fury Adjectives: furious Adverbs: furiously)

(adjective)extremely angry. Dictionary examples: I was late and he was f~ *with* me. He's f~ *about/at* the way he's been treated.

fascinating

(adjective)extremely interesting. Dictionary examples: a f~ person/place I found the movie f~.

encouraging

(adjective)giving you confidence or hope. Dictionary examples: The team's performance was very encouraging. an encouraging smile

estimated

(adjective)guessed. Dictionary example: an e~ cost/value.

current

(adjective)happening or existing now. Dictionary examples: Is that your current address? Have you seen the current issue of Vogue magazine? The word "thou" is no longer in current use.

energetic

(adjective)having or involving a lot of energy. Dictionary examples: an e~ young woman. I tried a~ but it was too energetic for me.

expert

(adjective)having or showing a lot of knowledge or skill. Dictionary examples: The center provides expert advice for people with financial problems. What's your expert opinion?

injured

(adjective)hurt or physically harmed. Dictionary example: She was told to stay in bed to rest her injured back.

growing

(adjective)increasing in size or quantity. Dictionary example: There is a growing awareness of the seriousness of this disease.

intensive

(adjective)involving a lot of effort or activity in a short period of time. Dictionary examples: two weeks of intensive training an intensive course in English Intensive bombing had reduced the city to rubble.

inconvenient

(adjective)involving or causing difficulty, such as unexpected changes or effort. Dictionary example: I'm sorry, I seem to have called at an inconvenient time.

aware

(adjective)knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing. Dictionary examples: Were you a~ *of* the risks at the time? I wasn't even a~ *that* he was ill. She was *well* a~ that he was married. I suddenly became a~ *of* him looking at me.

extensive(Word family: Nouns: extension, extent Verbs: extend Adjectives: extensive)

(adjective)large in amount or size. Dictionary examples: Fire had caused e~ *damage* to the building. This is probably the most extensive modern art *collection* in Europe. The school has e~ *grounds*. The road was in need of e~ *repairs*. Both events received e~ *coverage* in the newspapers.

considerable

(adjective)large or important enough to be noticed. Dictionary examples: It's a considerable sum of money. The effect on the region has been considerable.

deadly

(adjective)likely to cause death. Dictionary examples: a deadly virus a deadly weapon

designer

(adjective)made by a famous or fashionable designer. Dictionary examples: designer jeans/sunglasses I can't afford designer labels/designer label clothes.

decorative

(adjective)made to look attractive. Dictionary examples: a d~ display of plants and flowers. a mirror in a d~ frame.图

exhausting(Word family: Nouns: exhaustion Verbs: exhaust Adjectives: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustive)

(adjective)making you feel extremely tired. Dictionary example: I've had an e~ day.

distressing

(adjective)making you feel extremely worried or upset. Dictionary examples: distressing news a distressing experience

depressing(Word family: Nouns: depression Adjectives: depressed, depressing)

(adjective)making you feel unhappy and without hope for the future. Dictionary examples: I find this weather so d~. Her letter made d~ reading. It was very d~ watching the news on television tonight. It's d~ *to* think that we've got five more years of this government!

immoral

(adjective)morally wrong. Dictionary example: immoral behavior

latter

(adjective)near or toward the end of something. Dictionary examples: Construction on the new library should begin in the latter part of next year. In the latter stages of the race he began to tire.

demanding

(adjective)needing a lot of time, attention or energy. Dictionary examples: She's a very d~ child. a d~ job.

endless

(adjective)never finishing, or seeming never to finish. Dictionary examples: We used to have endless arguments about politics. He seems to think that I have an endless supply of money. The possibilities are endless.

harmless

(adjective)not able or not likely to cause harm. Dictionary example: Most mushrooms are completely/totally harmless, but some are poisonous.

illegal

(adjective)not allowed by law. Dictionary examples: Fireworks are illegal in many states. It is illegal to drive a car without a license.

inaccurate

(adjective)not correct or exact. Dictionary example: inaccurate information

dishonest

(adjective)not honest and likely to lie or do something illegal. Dictionary examples: a dishonest lawyer a dishonest way of making money He's been dishonest with us about his past.

dissatisfied

(adjective)not pleased or happy with something. Dictionary example: If you're d~ *with* the service, why don't you complain to the hotel manager?

irresponsible

(adjective)not thinking about the possible bad results of what you are doing. Dictionary examples: irresponsible behavior Leaving the door unlocked was irresponsible!

economical

(adjective)not using a lot of money, fuel, etc. Dictionary examples: What's the most e~ way of heating this building? There's increasing demand for cars that are more e~ *on* fuel.

faulty

(adjective)not working correctly or not in perfect condition. Dictionary examples: faulty brakes faulty reasoning

evident

(adjective)obvious to everyone and easy to see or understand. Dictionary examples: The full extent of the damage only became evident the following morning. From the smell it was evident that the drains had been blocked for several days.

communicative

(adjective)open and willing to talk to people. Dictionary example: She's never very communicative in the morning.

content(kənˈtent)(Word family: Nouns: discontent Adjectives: content)

(adjective)pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement. Dictionary examples: He seems fairly c~ *with* life. They're c~ *to* socialize with a very small circle of people.

educational

(adjective)providing education or relating to education. Dictionary examples: e~ toys. Reducing the size of classes may improve e~ *standards*.

chemical

(adjective)relating to chemicals. Dictionary examples: a chemical reaction chemical weapons The chemical industry produces such things as petrochemicals, drugs, paint and rubber.

ecological

(adjective)relating to ecology or the environment. Dictionary example: The destruction of the rain forests is an e~ disaster.

dairy

(adjective)relating to milk or products made using milk. Dictionary example: dairy products

dental

(adjective)relating to the teeth.图 Dictionary example: d~ *treatment*.

economic

(adjective)relating to trade, industry and money. Dictionary examples: We have seen ten years of e~ *growth*. Lack of adequate e~ *policies* have led us into the worst recession in years.

enthusiastic

(adjective)showing enthusiasm. Dictionary example: You don't seem very e~ *about* the party - don't you want to go tonight?

coastal

(adjective)situated on, or relating to the coast. Dictionary example: a c~ town.

athletic

(adjective)strong, healthy and good at sports. Dictionary example: She looks very a~.

appropriate

(adjective)suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion. Dictionary examples: Is this film a~ *for* small children? I didn't think his comments were very a~ at the time.

cautious

(adjective)taking care to avoid risks or danger. Dictionary examples: He's a very cautious driver. We take a more cautious approach. She is cautious about lending money to anyone.

dense

(adjective)thick and difficult to see through. Dictionary examples: d~ *fog.* a d~ forest.图

expected

(adjective)thought likely to happen or be true. Dictionary example: The e~ed power cuts never happened.

drunk

(adjective)unable to behave or speak normally because of having had too much alcohol. Dictionary examples: He got very drunk at my sister's wedding. I'd had a glass of wine but I certainly wasn't drunk. He came home last night blind drunk.

exotic

(adjective)unusual, interesting and often foreign. Dictionary example: e~ flowers/fruits.图

endangered

(adjective)used of animals and plants which may soon disappear from the world because there are very few left alive. Dictionary example: Tigers are now an e~ species.

high-tech

(adjective)using or involved with the most recent and advanced electronic machines, computers, etc. Dictionary example: His new car has a high-tech sound system.

hi-tech

(adjective)using or involved with the most recent and advanced electronic machines, computers, etc. Dictionary example: This database system is an affordable, hi-tech solution.

atomic

(adjective)using the energy that is created when an atom is divided. Dictionary example: a~ energy/power.

diverse

(adjective)varied or different. Dictionary examples: Students from countries as d~ as Colombia and Lithuania use Cambridge textbooks. New York is a very *culturally/ethnically* d~ city.

boiling

(adjective)very hot. Dictionary examples: It's boiling in this room! It's boiling hot outside.

bizarre

(adjective)very strange and unusual. Dictionary examples: b~ behavior. It was *really* a b~ meeting.

dramatic

(adjective)very sudden or noticeable, or full of action and excitement. Dictionary examples: a d~ *change/improvement*. We watched scenes of the d~ rescue on the news.

astonishing

(adjective)very surprising. Dictionary examples: Her first novel enjoyed an a~ level of success. It's a~ to think that only a few years ago Communism dominated eastern Europe.

greedy(Word family: Nouns: greed Adjectives: greedy)

(adjective)wanting a lot more food, money, etc. than you need. Dictionary example: greedy, selfish people

eager

(adjective)wanting to do or have something very much. Dictionary examples: She sounded very eager to meet you. They crowded around the spokesperson, eager for any news.

determined(Word family: Nouns: determination Verbs: determine Adjectives: determined)

(adjective)wanting to do something very much, and not letting anyone stop you. Dictionary examples: I'm d~ *to* get this piece of work finished today. She's sure to get the job she wants - she's a very d~ person.

entire

(adjective)whole or complete, with nothing missing. Dictionary examples: Between them they ate an entire cake. He'd spent the entire journey asleep.

cooperative

(adjective)willing to help or do what people ask. Dictionary example: I found them very c~.

adventurous

(adjective)willing to try new and often difficult or dangerous things Dictionary examples: I'm trying to be more a~ with my cooking. She led an a~ life.

desirable

(adjective)worth having and wanted by most people. Dictionary examples: Reducing class sizes in schools is a desirable aim. It's regarded as a highly desirable job. The house is in a very desirable area of the city.

financially

(adverb)

fine

(adverb)

finely

(adverb)

firstly

(adverb)

frankly

(adverb)

incredibly

(adverb)EXTREMELY.extremely. Dictionary example: I think the team played incredibly well.

inside

(adverb)FEELING.If you have a feeling inside, you have a feeling although you might not show it to other people. Dictionary example: She couldn't cope with the grief she felt inside.

altogether

(adverb)GENERALLY.when you consider everything. Dictionary example: A~, I'd say the party was a great success.

away

(adverb)GRADUALLY.gradually disappearing until mostly or completely gone. Dictionary examples: All the snow had melted a~. The music faded a~ as the procession moved slowly up the street.

highly

(adverb)HIGH LEVEL.at a high level. Dictionary examples: a highly paid job a highly educated workforce

honestly

(adverb)HONEST.in an honest way. Dictionary example: They have always dealt honestly and fairly with their customers.

apart

(adverb)INTO PIECES.into separate, smaller pieces. Dictionary examples: I took the motor a~ to see how it worked. My jacket is so old, it's coming a~.

automatically(Word family: Adjectives: automatic Adverbs: automatically)

(adverb)MACHINE.If a machine does something automatically, it does it independently, without human control. Dictionary example: The camera adjusts the shutter speed a~.

ahead

(adverb)MORE POINTS.having more points than someone else in a competition. Dictionary example: Barcelona was a~ after ten minutes.

basically

(adverb)MOSTLY.in most important ways, or to a large degree Dictionary examples: These two machines are basically the same, but you get a few extra features in the more expensive one. The car is basically fine, but it has a few scratches.

aside

(adverb)MOVE TO SIDE.on or to one side. Dictionary examples: Stand a~, please, and let these people pass. He pulled the curtain a~. I gave her a plate of food but she pushed it a~. She took me a~ to tell me the news.

late

(adverb)NEAR THE END.near the end of a period of time. Dictionary examples: We talked late into the night. As late as the 1980s they were still using horses on this farm.

actually

(adverb)OPPOSITE. used when you are correcting someone, disagreeing with someone, or saying no to a request. Dictionary examples: A~, it was Tuesday of last week, not Wednesday. "You didn't tell me about needing the car." "A~, I did." "Do you mind if I smoke?" "A~, I'd rather you didn't."

along

(adverb)PARTICULAR PLACE.at a particular place on a road, river, etc. Dictionary example: Somewhere a~ this road there's a garage.

ideally

(adverb)PERFECT SITUATION.used to talk about how something would be in a perfect situation. Dictionary example: Ideally, I'd like to work at home.

ideally

(adverb)PERFECTLY.in a perfect way. Dictionary example: She seemed ideally suited for the job.

automatically

(adverb)PERSON.If you do something automatically, you do it without thinking about it. Dictionary example: I a~ put my hand out to catch it.

apart

(adverb)RELATIONSHIP.If two people are apart, they are not in the same place together. Dictionary example: By this time my parents were living a~.

equally

(adverb)SAME WAY.fairly and in the same way. Dictionary example: Everyone should be treated equally.

aside

(adverb)SAVE.If you put or set something aside, you do not use it now, but keep it to use later. Dictionary example: We've put some money a~ for our vacation.

apparently

(adverb)SEEMS TRUE.used to say that something seems to be true, although it is not certain. Dictionary examples: There were two a~ unrelated deaths. An eighty-year-old woman was badly hurt in what the police describe as an a~ random attack.

in

(adverb)SENT. given or sent to someone official in order to be read. Dictionary examples: When does your essay have to be in? Remember to get your application in by the end of the week.

desperately

(adverb)SERIOUSLY.extremely or very much. Dictionary examples: He was desperately ill. He was desperately in love with her. They desperately wanted a child.

alike

(adverb)SIMILAR.in a similar way. Dictionary examples: We think a~. My father treated us all a~.

basically

(adverb)SIMPLY.used to introduce a simple explanation about something. Dictionary example: B~, he's saying we need more time.

constantly

(adverb)all the time or often. Dictionary examples: He's c~ changing his mind. She has the television on c~.

largely

(adverb)almost completely. Dictionary examples: a largely male company Their complaints have been largely ignored. Until recently, the civil war had been largely unreported in the press.

consequently(Word family: Nouns: consequence Adverbs: consequently)

(adverb)as a result. Dictionary example: I spent most of my money in the first week and c~ had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

initially

(adverb)at the beginning. Dictionary examples: Initially, most people approved of the new plan. The damage was far more serious than initially believed.

entirely

(adverb)completely. Dictionary examples: I admit it was entirely my fault. I'm not entirely convinced it will work. The company is run almost entirely by middle-aged men.

deeply

(adverb)extremely or strongly. Dictionary examples: I'm deeply grateful to you. He found her comments deeply irritating/annoying/offensive. We don't want to get too deeply involved with these people. After 20 years of marriage, they're still deeply in love.

fantastically(Word family: Adjectives: fantastic Adverbs: fantastically)

(adverb)extremely. Dictionary examples: They're f~ rich. They're doing f~ well.

lastly

(adverb)finally. Dictionary example: And lastly, I'd like to thank everyone who took part in the event.

instantly

(adverb)immediately. Dictionary example: Both drivers were killed instantly.

carelessly

(adverb)in a careless way. Dictionary example: He told me off for driving c~.

casually

(adverb)in a casual way. Dictionary example: She was *dressed* c~ in shorts and a T-shirt.

cheerfully

(adverb)in a cheerful way. Dictionary example: She walked down the road, whistling cheerfully.

comfortably

(adverb)in a comfortable way. Dictionary example: We slept very c~ that night.

furiously

(adverb)in a very angry way. Dictionary example: "Get out of here!" she shouted f~.

brilliantly

(adverb)in a very skillful way. Dictionary example: He seems to do everything b~ - piano playing, skiing, sailing.

boldly

(adverb)in a way that is brave or very confident. Dictionary example: The President had already boldly declared victory.

conveniently(Word family: Nouns: convenience Adjectives: convenient, inconvenient Adverbs: conveniently)

(adverb)in a way that is convenient. Dictionary example: The house is c~ situated near the station and the shops.

critically

(adverb)in a way that is critical. Dictionary example: They were both c~ injured in the crash.

evidently

(adverb)in a way that is easy to see. Dictionary example: He evidently likes her.

fluently

(adverb)in a way that is fluent. Dictionary example: I'd like to speak English f~.

importantly

(adverb)in a way that is important. Dictionary example: She has a pleasant personality, but more importantly, she is well qualified for the job.

independently

(adverb)in a way that is independent. Dictionary examples: The two scientists both made the same discovery independently, at roughly the same time. Each part of the organization operates independently of the others.

artificially

(adverb)in an artificial way Dictionary example: Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets have been grown a~ in manure.

eagerly

(adverb)in an eager way. Dictionary example: an e~ awaited announcement

enthusiastically

(adverb)in an enthusiastic way. Dictionary example: She responded very e~ to the idea.

impatiently

(adverb)in an impatient way. Dictionary examples: "Yes, you said that before," she said, impatiently. We were waiting impatiently for the show to begin.

increasingly

(adverb)more and more. Dictionary examples: to be increasingly important/common Increasingly, there is pressure on the council to reverse its decision.

annually

(adverb)once every year. Dictionary example: Your salary will be reviewed a~.

efficiently

(adverb)quickly and effectively in an organized way. Dictionary example: She runs the business very efficiently.

essentially

(adverb)relating to the most important characteristics or ideas of something. Dictionary examples: It's e~ a dictionary but it differs in one or two respects. What he's saying is e~ true.

dramatically

(adverb)suddenly or obviously. Dictionary example: Your life changes d~ when you have a baby.

extraordinarily

(adverb)very. Dictionary example: She is, it must be said, e~ beautiful.

densely

(adverb)with a lot of things close together. Dictionary examples: England was once a d~ wooded country. Mexico City is one of the most d~ populated cities in the world.

confidently

(adverb)with confidence or in a confident way. Dictionary example: Try to act confidently, even if you feel nervous.

do

(auxiliary verb) FOR EMPHASIS.used to give extra force to the main verb. Dictionary examples: Do let me know if you need anything. He does like you - he's just shy.

every

(determiner) POSSIBLE.as much as is possible. Dictionary examples: I'd like to wish you every success in your new job. She has every reason to be unhappy after losing her job and her home. You had every opportunity to make a complaint. Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties. She has every right to be proud of her tremendous achievements.

in view of sth

(formal)because of Dictionary example: In view of recent events, we have decided to cancel the meeting.

to date

(formal)up to the present time. Dictionary example: This is her best work to d~.

an awful lot (of sth)

(informal) a very large amount. Dictionary example: It cost an a~ lot of money.

not have a clue

(informal) to be completely unable to guess, understand, or deal with something. Dictionary example: I don't have a clue what you're talking about.

be a piece of cake

(informal) to be very easy. Dictionary example: The exam itself was a piece of c~.

Don't ask me

(informal) used to tell someone that you do not know the answer to a question and that you are surprised they have asked you. Dictionary example: "So why would she leave such a good job?" "Don't a~ me!"

no end

(informal)a lot. Dictionary example: I've had no e~ of trouble finding a hotel room.

not half as good/bad/exciting, etc.

(informal)to be much less good/bad/exciting, etc. than something else Dictionary example: Her new book isn't half as good as the last one.

can't/couldn't get over sth

(informal)to be very shocked or surprised about something. Dictionary example: I can't g~ over how different you look with short hair.

gentleman

(noun)

goods

(noun)

growth

(noun)

hammer

(noun)

handle

(noun)

acid

(noun) a liquid substance that can react chemically with and sometimes dissolve other materials. Dictionary examples: acetic/hydrochloric/lactic a~. Vinegar is an a~.

hyphen

(noun) a mark (-) used to join two words together, or to show that a word has been divided and continues on the next line Dictionary example: There should be a hyphen in "high-tech."

exclamation point

(noun) a punctuation mark (!) used at the end of a sentence that expresses surprise, excitement or shock. Dictionary example: Her e-mail is full of e~ points.

ban

(noun) an official order that prevents something from happening. Dictionary example: There should be a b~ *on* talking loudly in movie theaters.

eggplant

(noun) an oval, purple vegetable that is white inside. Dictionary example: For dinner we had e~ parmigiana - eggplant with tomato sauce and cheese. 图

determiner

(noun) in grammar, a word which is used before a noun to show which particular example of the noun you are referring to. Dictionary example: In the phrases 'my first boyfriend' and 'that strange woman', the words 'my' and 'that' are d~s.

eyelash

(noun) one of the short hairs which grow from the edge of your eyelids. Dictionary example: false/long e~es.图

banker

(noun) someone with an important position in a bank. Dictionary example: She was a successful b~ by the time she was forty.

advertising

(noun) the business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services. Dictionary examples: Fiona works in a~. the a~ industry.

imperative

(noun) the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders. Dictionary example: In the phrase "Leave him alone," the verb "leave" is an imperative/is in the imperative.

eyelid

(noun) the piece of skin that covers your eyes when you close them. Dictionary example: His e~s drooped with tiredness.图

climate change

(noun) the way the Earth's weather is changing. Dictionary example: C~ change is the greatest environmental challenge facing the world today.

capacity

(noun) ABILITY.[C or U] the largest amount or number that a container, building, etc. can hold. Dictionary examples: a restaurant with a capacity of 200 The new stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000. The stadium was filled to capacity.

gap

(noun) ABSENT THING.something that is absent and stops something from being complete. Dictionary example: There are still huge g~s in my knowledge.

commitment

(noun) ACTIVITY.[C] something that you must do or deal with that takes your time. Dictionary examples: family/work commitments I've got too many commitments right now to take an evening class.

hint

(noun) ADVICE.a small piece of advice. Dictionary example: The magazine gives lots of useful hints on how to save money.

heaven

(noun) AFTER LIFE.according to some religions, the place where good people go when they die. Dictionary example: They told us that she had gone to heaven.

arrangement

(noun) AGREEMENT.[C or U] an agreement between two people or groups. Dictionary examples: We *had* an arrangement *that* he would clean the house and I would cook. I'm sure we can *come to* an arrangement. You can only withdraw money from this account by *(prior)* arrangement *with* the bank.

deal

(noun) AGREEMENT.[C] an agreement or an arrangement, especially in business. Dictionary examples: a business deal I'll make a deal with you - you wash the car and I'll let you use it tonight.

atmosphere

(noun) AIR INSIDE.(no plural) the air inside a room or other place. Dictionary example: The a~ in the room was so stuffy I could hardly breathe.

debt

(noun) AMOUNT OWING.[C] an amount of money that you owe someone. Dictionary examples: He managed to pay off his debts in two years. The company ran up huge debts.

degree

(noun) AMOUNT.[C or U] an amount or level of something. Dictionary examples: This job demands a high degree of skill. There was some degree of truth in what she said.

capacity

(noun) AMOUNT.the largest amount or number that a container, building, etc. can hold. Dictionary examples: a restaurant with a c~ *of* 200 The new stadium has a *seating* c~ of 50,000. The stadium was *filled to* c~.

field

(noun) AREA OF STUDY

fight

(noun) ARGUMENT

critic

(noun) ARTS.someone whose job is to give their opinion about something, especially movies, books, music, etc. Dictionary examples: a film/theater/music critic The play has been well received by the critics.

dimension

(noun) ASPECT.a particular part of a situation, especially something that affects how you think or feel. Dictionary example: Music has added a new dimension to my life.

illness

(noun) BEING ILL.[U] when you are ill. Dictionary example: She had five days off work due to illness.

edge

(noun) BLADE.the part of a blade of a knife or tool that cuts, or any sharp part of an object which could cut. Dictionary example: Careful with that open can - it's got a very sharp e~.图

base

(noun) BOTTOM. the bottom part of something, or the part something rests on. Dictionary examples: a crystal glass with a heavy b~. At the b~ of the cliff was a rocky beach.

guts

(noun) BRAVERY.the bravery and determination that is needed to do something difficult or unpleasant. Dictionary examples: It took guts to stand up and tell the boss how she felt. I didn't think he would have the guts to quite that awful job.

construction

(noun) BUILDING WORK.[U] the work of building something, especially houses, offices, bridges, etc. Dictionary examples: the construction industry The next decade saw the construction of many more office blocks. She works in construction. This website is currently under construction.

column

(noun) BUILDING.a tall, solid, usually stone post which is often used to support a roof or as decoration in a building . Dictionary examples: The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns. Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square

estate

(noun) BUILDINGS.a group of houses or factories built in a planned way. Dictionary examples: a *housing* e~. an *industrial* e~.

agent

(noun) BUSINESS.someone whose job is to deal with business for someone else. Dictionary example: Please contact our a~ in Spain for further information.

banking

(noun) BUSINESS.the business of operating a bank. Dictionary example: investment/commercial/consumer b~.

competition

(noun) BUSINESS/JOBS.[U] when someone, or a company, is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else. Dictionary examples: Competition for jobs is intense. There's a lot of competition between computer companies. The two companies are in competition with each other.

flash

(noun) CAMERA

examination

(noun) CAREFUL LOOK[C or U] when someone looks at or considers something carefully in order to discover something. Dictionary examples: a *medical* examination. I had to *have* a medical examination when I started my new job. The evidence is still *under* examination. I thought it was paint at first, but *on closer* examination I realized it was tomato sauce.

consideration

(noun) CAREFUL THOUGHT.[U] when you think about something very carefully. Dictionary examples: After careful consideration, we decided to offer her the job. The matter needs to be given serious consideration.

immigration

(noun) COMING INTO A COUNTRY.when someone comes to live in a different country. Dictionary examples: immigration policy There are strict limits on immigration (into the country).

chip

(noun) COMPUTER PART.a very small part of a computer that stores information. Dictionary example: a silicon c~.

desktop

(noun) COMPUTER SCREEN.a computer screen that contains icons that represent files, programs and other features of the computer. Dictionary example: The menu bar with its windows is one of the features of the d~.图

kingdom

(noun) COUNTRY.a country ruled by a king or queen. Dictionary example: the kingdom of Sweden

claim

(noun) DEMAND.a written request asking an organization to pay you a sum of money which you believe they owe you. Dictionary examples: an insurance claim a claim for compensation

extension

(noun) DEVELOPMENT.something that has developed as a result of something else Dictionary example: The book is an e~ of ideas he set out in an earlier article.

impression

(noun) EFFECT.the way that something seems, looks or feels to a particular person. Dictionary examples: All our warnings made little impression on him. It doesn't make a good impression if you're late for an interview. He likes to give the impression that he's a very important person.

carnival

(noun) ENTERTAINMENT.(also fair) an entertainment event outdoors where there is food, machines you can ride on, and games that can be played for prizes. Dictionary example: The annual c~ will be held at Harbor Island park next weekend.图

balance

(noun) EQUAL IMPORTANCE.[U or no plural] when the correct amount of importance is given to each thing so that a situation is successful. Dictionary examples: We must *strike a* b~ between police powers and the protection of citizens. He was concerned that taking on three more men could *upset the* gender b~ in the department.

episode

(noun) EVENT.a single event or group of related events. Dictionary examples: This latest e~ in the fraud scandal has shocked a lot of people. Being unemployed and losing his house is an e~ in his life that he wants to forget.

chain

(noun) EVENTS.[C] a series of things that happen one after the other. Dictionary examples: a chain reaction His arrival set off a surprising chain of events.

devil

(noun) EVIL BEING.an evil being, often represented in human form but with a tail and horns.图

bonus

(noun) EXTRA MONEY.an extra amount of money that you are given, especially because you have worked hard. Dictionary example: a Christmas bonus

bonus

(noun) EXTRA THING.another pleasant thing in addition to something you were expecting. Dictionary example: I love the job, and it's an added bonus that it's so close to home.

extension(Word family: Nouns: extension, extent Verbs: extend Adjectives: extensive)

(noun) EXTRA TIME.extra time that you are given to do or use something Dictionary example: I've applied for an e~ *of* my visa.

data

(noun) FACTS.information or facts about something (in scientific English, this can be followed by a plural verb, where the singular form is "datum"). Dictionary examples: The data was collected by various researchers. Isotope data are corrected to the appropriate age for each sample.

justice

(noun) FAIRNESS.behaviour or treatment that is fair and morally correct. Dictionary examples: There's no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that. The winner has been disqualified for cheating, so justice has been done.

icon

(noun) FAMOUS PERSON/THING.a person or thing that is famous because it represents a particular idea or way of life. Dictionary examples: He's a musical innovator and cultural icon. a music/fashion icon

amusement

(noun) FEELING.the feeling that you have when something makes you smile or laugh Dictionary examples: She looked at him *with* great a~. Carl came last in the race, *much to my* a~.

introduction

(noun) FIRST MEETING.[C or U] the action of telling someone another person's name the first time that they meet. Dictionary example: You'll have to do/make the introductions - I don't know everyone's name.

bite

(noun) FOOD.a piece taken from food when you bite it Dictionary example: She took a bite of her pizza.

cloth

(noun) FOR CLEANING.[C] a small piece of material used for cleaning or drying things. Dictionary examples: a wash/face cloth a dish cloth

escape

(noun) FORGETTING PROBLEMS.[U or no plural] something that helps you to forget about your usual life or problems. Dictionary example: I love old movies - they're such an escape from the real world.

independence

(noun) FREE STATE.when a country has its own government and is not ruled by another country. Dictionary example: Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821.

approval

(noun) GOOD OPINION.when you have a positive opinion of someone or something. Dictionary examples: He showed his a~ by smiling broadly. Sam always tried hard to win his father's a~. Does the wine *meet with your* a~?

gender

(noun) GRAMMAR

force

(noun) GROUP

community

(noun) GROUP OF PEOPLE.a group of people with the same interests, way of life, nationality, job, etc. Dictionary examples: the black/white/Chinese/Jewish community the business community

grip

(noun) HOLD.when you hold something tightly. Dictionary example: She tightened her grip on my arm.

belief

(noun) IDEA

inspiration

(noun) IDEAS.someone or something that gives you ideas for doing something. Dictionary examples: The golden autumn light provided the inspiration for the painting. He went to church, perhaps seeking divine inspiration.

content

(noun) IDEAS.the ideas that are contained in a piece of writing, a speech or a film. Dictionary examples: the c~ of the article. It's a very stylish and beautiful film, but it rather lacks c~. We've discussed the unusual form of the book - now, what about the c~?

drug

(noun) ILLEGAL SUBSTANCE.any natural or artificially made chemical which is taken for pleasure, to improve someone's performance of an activity, or because a person cannot stop using it. Dictionary examples: illegal drugs a drug addict drug addiction/abuse She began to suspect that her son was on/taking/doing drugs.

condition

(noun) ILLNESS.[C] an illness. Dictionary examples: a medical condition He suffers from a rare heart condition.

bug

(noun) ILLNESS.a bacteria or a virus causing an illness that is usually not serious. Dictionary examples: I had a stomach bug last week. There's a bug going around.

breakdown

(noun) ILLNESS.a short period of mental illness when people are too ill to continue with their normal lives. Dictionary examples: Later that year she *had* a b~. a *nervous* b~.

dialogue

(noun) IN BOOK, ETC.(a) conversation that is written for a book, play, movie, etc. Dictionary examples: The play contained some very funny dialogue. Act Two begins with a short dialogue between father and son.

bite

(noun) INJURY.an injury caused when an animal or insect bites you. Dictionary example: mosquito bites

duty

(noun) JOB.[C or U] something you do as part of your job or because of your position. Dictionary example: professional/official duties

candidate

(noun) JOB/ELECTION.a person who is competing to get a job or elected position. Dictionary example: There are three candidates running for mayor.

key

(noun) KEYBOARD.one of the parts that you press with your fingers on a computer or musical instrument to produce letters, numbers, symbols or musical notes. Dictionary examples: Press the shift key to write in capital letters. piano keys

bow

(noun) KNOT.a knot with two curved parts and two loose ends, that is used to tie shoes or as decoration. Dictionary example: The present was wrapped in gold paper and tied with a big red bow.

command

(noun) KNOWLEDGE.[U] knowledge of a subject, especially a language. Dictionary example: She had a good command of Italian.

estate

(noun) LAND.a large area of land in the country which is owned by a family or an organization and is often used for growing crops or raising animals. Dictionary example: a country e~.图

citizen

(noun) LEGAL RIGHT.someone who has a legal right to live in a particular country. Dictionary example: He applied to become an American citizen.

glance

(noun) LOOK

dot

(noun) MARK.[C] a very small round mark. Dictionary examples: The period at the end of this sentence is a dot. Her skirt was blue with white dots.

accent

(noun) MARK.a mark written or printed over a letter to show you how to pronounce it. Dictionary example: There's an acute a~ on the "e" of "café."

cloth

(noun) MATERIAL.[U] material made from cotton, wool, etc. and used, for example, to make clothes or curtains. Dictionary example: a piece of cloth

board

(noun) MEALS.[U] meals that are provided at a place where you stay Dictionary example: How much do they charge for room and board?

definition

(noun) MEANING.[C] an explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase. Dictionary examples: a dictionary definition What is the definition of "mood"?

dimension

(noun) MEASUREMENT.a measurement of the length, width, or height of something. Dictionary example: The dimensions of the photo should be no larger than 30cm by 20cm.

bell

(noun) METAL OBJECT.a hollow, metal object, shaped like a cup, that makes a ringing sound when you hit it. Dictionary example: the sound of church bells ringing

base

(noun) MILITARY.a place where a military service operates and people in that military service live. Dictionary examples: *an army/navy/air force* b~. an old *military* b~.

balance

(noun) MONEY.[C] the amount of money that you still have to pay, or that you have left to use. Dictionary example: I always pay off the b~ on my credit card.

activity

(noun) MOVEMENT.when a lot of things are happening or people are moving around Dictionary examples: Officials are concerned by the low level of *economic* a~. There was a lot of a~ the other side of the room.

flow

(noun) MOVEMENT.when something flows in one direction. Dictionary examples: the f~ of a river. the traffic f~.

composition

(noun) MUSIC.[C] a piece of music that someone has written. Dictionary example: This concerto is one of her later compositions.

evolution

(noun) NATURAL WORLD.the way in which living things change and develop over millions of years. Dictionary example: Darwin's theory of e~.

dislike

(noun) NOT LIKING

absence

(noun) NOT PRESENT.[C or U] when someone is not where they are usually expected to be. Dictionary examples: A new manager was appointed *during/in* her absence. She has had repeated absences *from* school this year.

land

(noun) NOT SEA.[U] the surface of the Earth that is not sea. Dictionary examples: It is cheaper to drill for oil on land than at sea. The treaty has led to a dramatic reduction in the number of land-based missiles in Europe.

breakdown

(noun) NOT WORKING.when a vehicle or machine stops working for a period of time. Dictionary example: I had a b~ in the middle of the road.

collar

(noun) ON AN ANIMAL. a strap made of leather or other strong material which is put around the neck of an animal, especially a dog or cat. Dictionary examples: a dog c~. I grabbed the dog by its c~ an d dragged it out of the room.

feeling

(noun) OPINION

judgment

(noun) OPINION.[C] an opinion about someone or something that you decide on after thinking carefully. Dictionary example: It proved difficult to come to/form/make a judgment about how well the school was performing.

command

(noun) ORDER.[C] an order to do something, especially one given by a soldier. Dictionary examples: He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands. When I give the command, fire!

cell

(noun) ORGANISM.the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal. Dictionary examples: brain/blood c~s. cancer c~s.

division

(noun) ORGANIZATION.one of the groups in a business or organization. Dictionary example: the sales d~.

company

(noun) OTHER PEOPLE.[U] when you are with a person or people, or the person or people you are with. Dictionary examples: I just enjoy his company. Do you want company or would you rather go by yourself? I didn't realize you had company. Margot came to stay for a week as company for my mother while I was away.

folks

(noun) PARENTS

element

(noun) PART.a part of something. Dictionary examples: List the elements which make up a perfect dinner party. The film had all the elements of a good thriller.

age

(noun) PERIOD.[C] a particular period of history. Dictionary examples: the modern/information a~. the ice a~.

admission

(noun) PERMISSION. when someone is given permission to enter somewhere or to become a member of a club, university, etc. Dictionary example: She's applied for a~ to law school. There's a notice outside the building that says 'No a~ before twelve noon'.

approval(Word family: Nouns: approval, disapproval Verbs: approve, disapprove)

(noun) PERMISSION.official permission. Dictionary examples: We *need* a~ for the project to move ahead. The teacher gave the student *a nod of* a~.

figure

(noun) PERSON

bomber

(noun) PERSON. a person who uses bombs. Dictionary example: Rajiv Gandhi is believed to have been killed by a suicide bomber.

individual

(noun) PERSON.a person, especially when considered separately and not as part of a group. Dictionary examples: We try to treat our students as individuals. Every individual has rights which must never be taken away.

figure

(noun) PICTURE

arrangement

(noun) POSITION.[C] a group of objects in a particular order or position. Dictionary example: a flower a~.

credit

(noun) PRAISE.praise, approval or honour Dictionary examples: I did all the work and Amy got the credit for it! I suppose I should give him c~ for his honesty. I can't take full c~ for this meal - Sam did quite a bit too

barrier

(noun) PREVENTING.something that prevents people from doing what they want to do. Dictionary examples: Despite the *language* b~, they soon became good friends. Shyness is one of the biggest b~s *to* making friends. We have to work at *breaking down* b~s between the two communities.

honor

(noun) PRIDE.something that makes you feel proud and pleased. Dictionary examples: It's an honor to be the team captain. I have the great honor of introducing our speaker today.

column

(noun) PRINTING.one of the blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper, magazine, or dictionary is divided. Dictionary example: I didn't have time to read the whole article - just the first column.

award

(noun) PRIZE.a prize given to someone for something they have achieved. Dictionary examples: the Academy A~ *for* Best Director Both films have *received/won* several a~s.

difficulty

(noun) PROBLEM.[C] something that is not easy to deal with. Dictionary examples: financial difficulties to have/experience difficulties children with learning difficulties

battle

(noun) PROBLEMS/ILLNESS.[C] a fight against something that is very difficult, or that is hurting or destroying you. Dictionary example: a long battle against cancer

government

(noun) PROCESS

generation

(noun) PRODUCT

industry

(noun) PRODUCTION.the production of goods in factories. Dictionary examples: trade and industry industry and commerce The city needs to attract more industry.

care

(noun) PROTECTION.[U] the process of protecting and looking after someone or something Dictionary examples: The standard of care at our local hospital is excellent. Teachers are responsible for the children in their care.

image

(noun) PUBLIC.[C or U] the way that other people think someone or something is. Dictionary examples: He wants to improve his public image. She is trying to project a more presidential image. At the time, many people had a negative image of all performers, even opera singers. Better communicating our high standards has improved the image of our school among college applicants.

charm

(noun) QUALITY.[C or U] a quality which makes you like or feel attracted to someone or something. Dictionary examples: a woman of great charm The building has a certain charm. I had to use all my charms to get them to lend us the hall.

appeal

(noun) QUALITY.[U] the quality in someone or something that makes them attractive or interesting. Dictionary examples: Eating out has lost much of its a~. Spielberg films have universal/popular a~.

dash

(noun) QUICK MOVEMENT.[no plural] when you run somewhere very quickly. Dictionary examples: We made a dash for the bus. There was a mad dash for the exit.

fact

(noun) REAL THINGS.[U] real events and experiences, not things that are imagined. Dictionary example: It's sometimes hard to separate fact from fiction.

cause

(noun) REASON WHY.[C] the reason why something, especially something bad, happens. Dictionary examples: The police are still trying to establish the cause of the fire. She had died of natural causes.

hell

(noun) RELIGION.according to some religions, the place where bad people go when they die. Dictionary example: I'll go to hell for this.

disposal(Word family: Nouns: disposal Verbs: dispose Adjectives: disposable)

(noun) REMOVAL.when you get rid of something, especially by throwing it away. Dictionary examples: *waste* d~. the d~ of hazardous substances.

account

(noun) REPORT.[C] a written or spoken description of something that has happened. Dictionary examples: She *gave* a thrilling a~ *of* her life in the jungle. The documents provide a *detailed* a~ of the town's early history.

consequence

(noun) RESULT.the result of a particular action or situation, especially a bad result. Dictionary examples: The ship sank with *disastrous* c~s. Excessive drinking can have *serious* c~s for a person's health. If you neglect your relationships like that, you'll *suffer* the c~.

increase

(noun) RISE.a rise in the amount or size of something. Dictionary examples: price/tax increases There were 39, 000 new cases last year - an increase of 7 per cent. Any increase in production would be helpful.

chance

(noun) RISK.[C] a risk. Dictionary examples: I'm delivering my work by hand. I'm not taking any chances. There's a chance of injury in almost any sport.

heart

(noun) SHAPE

civilization

(noun) SOCIETY.[C or U] human society with its well-developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time. Dictionary examples: Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of civilization. Cuzco was the center of one of the world's most famous civilizations, that of the Incas. ancient civilizations

ground

(noun) SOIL

junior

(noun) STUDENT.a student at a junior school.

area

(noun) SUBJECT.a part of a subject or activity. Dictionary examples: Marketing is Paul's a~. The course covers three main subject a~s . Software is not really my a~ of expertise.

gum

(noun) SWEET. a sweet substance that you chew but do not swallow. Dictionary example: a stick of gum图

arrow

(noun) SYMBOL.a symbol used on a sign, on a computer, etc. to show direction Dictionary example: I followed the a~s to the parking lot.

faculty

(noun) TEACHERS. teachers at a college or university, or in a department of a college or university. Dictionary examples: We are interviewing for new f~ - there are two positions open in the history department. F~ are opposed to the proposals made by the university administration.图

idea

(noun) THOUGHT.[U or no plural] an understanding, thought or picture in your mind. Dictionary examples: Do you have any idea what he looks like? Can you give me an idea of the cost? I don't like the idea of living so far away from my family. I've got a pretty good idea why they left early.

guest

(noun) TV

form

(noun) TYPE

figure

(noun) TYPE OF PERSON

audience

(noun) TYPE.the type of people who watch a particular TV show, read a particular book, etc. Dictionary example: This magazine is aimed at a teenage/young a~.

catalog

(noun)a book with a list of items, such as goods that you can buy from a business or pictures displayed in a museum. Dictionary example: a mail-order c~.

carbon

(noun)a chemical element present in all animals and plants and in coal and oil. Dictionary example: Diamonds are formed from carbon.

despair(Word family: Nouns: despair, desperation Adjectives: desperate Adverbs: desperately)

(noun)a feeling of having no hope. Dictionary examples: a *mood/sense of* d~. They're *inthe depths of* d~ *over/about* the money they've lost.

laser

(noun)a machine that produces a strong beam of light that has medical and technical uses or a beam of light produced by a machine like this. Dictionary examples: laser beam. laser surgery.图

landlord

(noun)a man who you rent an apartment, house, room or land from. Dictionary example: I asked the landlord to fix the window.

colon

(noun)a mark (:) used before a list, an example, an explanation, etc. Dictionary example: There's a c~ missing in that sentence.

centigrade

(noun)a measurement of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°. Dictionary example: Water boils at 100° c~.

error

(noun)a mistake. Dictionary examples: He admitted that he'd made an error. The letter contained a number of typing errors. *Human* error has been blamed for the air crash. The document was destroyed in error by the police.

decade

(noun)a period of ten years, especially a period such as 1860 to 1869, or 2000 to 2009.

era

(noun)a period of time in history that is special for a particular reason. Dictionary examples: the Clinton e~. the post-war e~. They had worked for peace during the long e~ of conflict. The fall of the Berlin wall marked the end of an e~.

inhabitant

(noun)a person or animal that lives in a particular place. Dictionary example: a city of 5 million inhabitants

investor

(noun)a person who puts money into a bank, business, etc. in order to make a profit. Dictionary examples: A New York investor offered to acquire the company's stock for $13 a share. Small investors are hoping that the markets will improve.

investigator

(noun)a person whose job is to examine a crime, accident, etc. in order to discover the truth. Dictionary examples: Investigators have studied the possible effects of contamination. a private investigator

bakery

(noun)a place where bread, cakes, etc. are made or sold. Dictionary example: I buy all our bread from the local b~.

cherry

(noun)a small, round, soft red or black fruit with a single hard seed in the middle. Dictionary example: c~ trees

booklet

(noun)a small, thin book that contains information. Dictionary example: The tourist office has booklets about the area.

bang

(noun)a sudden loud noise. Dictionary example: The window slammed shut *with a* loud b~.

cart

(noun)a vehicle with two or four wheels that is pushed or pulled to carry large or heavy objects on. Dictionary examples: a shopping/grocery/luggage cart. His first job was delivering fruits and vegetables by horse-drawn c~.

concrete

(noun)a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones and water. Dictionary examples: reinforced c~. a c~ floor/path. a grey c~ building.

bestseller

(noun)a very popular book that many people have bought. Dictionary example: His latest book is likely to be another b~.

bookmark

(noun)a way of marking an Internet website so that you can find it easily. Dictionary example: Add this website to your bookmarks.

collocation

(noun)a word or phrase that sounds natural or correct when it is used with another word or phrase, or the combination formed when two or more words are frequently used together in a way that sounds natural Dictionary example: "Heavy traffic" is a c~.

arts

(noun)creative areas including painting, drama, dance, music, etc. Dictionary examples: fine/decorative a~. the performing a~. Cory's career in a~ management has led her from the philharmonic to the Metropolitan Opera.

cruelty (Word family: Nouns: cruelty Adjectives: cruel Adverbs: cruelly)

(noun)cruel behaviour or a cruel action. Dictionary example: The farmer was accused of c~ to animals.

injury

(noun)damage to someone's body in an accident or an attack. Dictionary examples: a head/back/knee injury a serious/slight injury Injuries to the spine are common among these workers. They were lucky to escape (without) injury.

amazement

(noun)extreme surprise. Dictionary examples: She stared *in* a~. *To my* a~, he ate the whole thing.

flame

(noun)hot, bright, burning gas produced by something on fire. Dictionary examples: The f~s grew larger as the fire spread. When the fire engine arrived the house was already in f~s.

accuracy(ˈæk.jʊ.rə.si)(ac+cur"care"+acy)

(noun)how correct or exact something is. Dictionary example: We can predict changes with a surprising *degree of* a~.

feedback

(noun)information or opinions about something, such as a new product, that provide an idea of whether it is successful or liked. Dictionary examples: Have you had any feedback from customers about the product? positive/negative feedback

cardboard

(noun)material like very thick stiff paper, usually pale brown in color, which is used especially for making boxes. Dictionary example: a c~ *box*.

debit

(noun)money taken out of a bank account, or a record of this. Dictionary example: The statement shows your most recent d~s.

equal

(noun)someone or something that has the same importance as someone or something else and deserves the same treatment. Dictionary example: The good thing about having her as a boss is that she treats us all as equals.

exception

(noun)someone or something that is not included in a rule, group or list or that does not behave in the expected way. Dictionary examples: There are e~s *to* every rule. I like all kinds of films *with the* e~ of horror movies. Her books are always entertaining and this one is *no* e~ You must report here every Tuesday *without* e~.

collector

(noun)someone who collects objects because they are interesting or beautiful. Dictionary examples: a c~ of modern art a stamp c~.

immigrant

(noun)someone who comes to live in a different country. Dictionary examples: My grandparents arrived here as immigrants from Russia in 1910. legal/illegal/new immigrants.

inventor

(noun)someone who designs and makes new things. Dictionary example: He was the inventor of the vacuum cleaner.

comedian

(noun)someone who entertains people by telling jokes. a stand-up c~.

helper

(noun)someone who helps another person to do something. Dictionary example: The tutoring progam needs more helpers.

coward

(noun)someone who is not brave and tries to avoid dangerous or difficult situations. Dictionary example: You didn't talk to her? You coward!

companion

(noun)someone you spend a lot of time with or go somewhere with. Dictionary examples: a traveling c~. Dan has been her constant c~ these past ten years.

evil

(noun)something that is very bad and harmful. Dictionary examples: Drug-addiction is one of today's great social evils. The theme of the play is the battle between *good* and evil.

decoration

(noun)something that you put on something to make it look attractive or special, or the activity of putting things on something to make it look more attractive or special. Dictionary examples: Christmas/party/table/cake decorations He's written a book on home decoration.

intention

(noun)something that you want and plan to do. Dictionary examples: It wasn't my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her. I've no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his. He's full of good intentions, but he never does anything about them!

flexibility(Word family: Nouns: flexibility Adjectives: flexible)

(noun)the ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation. Dictionary example: The advantage of this system is its f~.

courage

(noun)the ability to deal with a dangerous or difficult situation without being frightened. Dictionary examples: I wanted to talk to him, but I didn't *have the* c~. People should *have the* c~ *to* stand up for their beliefs.

intelligence

(noun)the ability to learn, understand and think about things. Dictionary examples: an intelligence test a child of high/average/low intelligence It's the intelligence of her writing that impresses me.

creativity

(noun)the ability to produce new ideas or things using skill and imagination. Dictionary example: I admire her creativity.

anxiety

(noun)the feeling of being very worried. Dictionary examples: Children normally feel a lot of a~ *about* their first day at school. That explains his a~ *over* his health.

interior

(noun)the inside part of something. Dictionary examples: The real estate agent had pictures of the house from the outside but none of its interior. The car's interior is very impressive - wonderful leather seats and a wooden dashboard.

gardening

(noun)the job or activity of growing a garden and keeping it attractive. Dictionary example: She enjoys g~.图

combination

(noun)the mixture you get when two or more things are combined. Dictionary examples: Strawberries and cream - a perfect combination. A c~ *of* tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep. This drug can be safely used *in* c~ *with* other medicines. Her experience and energy are a *winning* c~ in business.

billion

(noun)the number 1,000,000,000. Dictionary example: Cosmetics is a billion dollar industry.

daytime

(noun)the period of the day when there is light from the sun, or the period when most people are at work. Dictionary examples: I tend to sleep in/during the daytime and study at night. a regular daytime job a daytime telephone number daytime television

chief

(noun)the person in charge of a group or organization. Dictionary examples: a police chief A new chief of the security forces has just been appointed.

analysis

(noun)the process of analyzing something. Dictionary examples: Chemical a~ revealed a high content of copper. I was interested in Clare's a~ of the situation.

humor

(noun)the quality of being funny. Dictionary example: There's a lot of humor in her work.

inflation

(noun)the rate at which prices increase, or a continuing increase in prices. Dictionary examples: high/low inflation the rate of inflation 3% inflation

electronics

(noun)the scientific study of electric current and the technology that uses it. Dictionary examples: a degree in electronics the electronics industry

genetics(Word family: Nouns: gene, genetics Adjectives: genetic)

(noun)the scientific study of the parts of cells that control particular characteristics (genes). Dictionary example: Next year, I'll be studying g~s.

economy

(noun)the system by which a country produces and uses goods and money. Dictionary examples: the German/US economy the global economy a weak/strong economy The economy has been growing at a rapid rate these past five years. Tourism contributes millions of pounds to the country's economy.

eyebrow

(noun)the thin line of hair that is above each eye. Dictionary example: He's got really bushy e~s.图

darling

(noun)used when you speak to someone you love or like. Dictionary example: Would you like a drink, darling?

interruption

(noun)when an action or activity is interrupted, or something that interrupts someone or something. Dictionary example: There were so many interruptions, I couldn't get on with my work.

donation

(noun)when money or goods are given to help a person or organization. Dictionary examples: donations of food and money I'd like to make a small donation in my mother's name.

investigation

(noun)when officials try to discover all the facts about something, especially a crime or an accident Dictionary examples: to carry out/hold an investigation An investigation has been under way for several days into the disappearance of a thirteen-year-old boy. a full/thorough investigation of the incident Currently, the individuals who might have caused the accident are subject to/under investigation.

disagreement

(noun)when people have a different opinion about something or have an argument. Dictionary examples: They had a disagreement *about/over* money. There was some disagreement *with* this view. Literary critics were *in* total disagreement *about* the book.

darkness

(noun)when there is little or no light. Dictionary example: There was a power failure and the house was in darkness.

admiration

(noun)when you admire someone or something. Dictionary examples: My a~ *for* that woman grows daily. She gazed *in* a~ at his broad, muscular shoulders.

exhaustion

(noun)when you are extremely tired. Dictionary examples: She felt sick *with* e~. The tennis star is said to be *suffering from* e~.

fame

(noun)when you are known by many people because of your achievements, skills, etc. Dictionary examples: She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16. She moved to New York in search of fame and fortune.

criticism

(noun)when you say that something or someone is bad. Dictionary example: The designs for the new building have attracted widespread c~.

by

(preposition)AMOUNT.used to show measurements or amounts. Dictionary examples: The room measures 15 feet by 20 feet. Interest rates have been increased by 0.25%. I'm paid by the hour. Copies have sold by the million.

after

(preposition)BECAUSE OF.because of something that happened. Dictionary example: I'll never trust her again a~ what she did to me.

from

(preposition)CAUSE

from

(preposition)CHANGE

beyond

(preposition)DISTANCE.on the other side of something. Dictionary example: Beyond the river is a small town.

by

(preposition)HOLDING.holding a particular part of someone or something. Dictionary example: She grabbed me by the arm.

among

(preposition)IN A GROUP.in a particular group of people or things. Dictionary examples: Discuss it a~ yourselves for a few minutes. Relax - you're a~ friends. She has worked as a real estate agent a~ *other things*.

among

(preposition)IN THE MIDDLE.in the middle of something. Dictionary examples: I saw a few familiar faces a~ the crowd. Rescue teams searched a~ the ruins for survivors.

according to

(preposition)METHOD. in a way that agrees with. Dictionary example: Students are all put in different groups a~ to their ability.

against

(preposition)NOT AGREE.disagreeing with a plan or activity. Dictionary examples: She spoke a~ the decision to close the school. Are you *for or* a~ the proposal?

from

(preposition)POSITION

from

(preposition)PREVENTING

following

(preposition)after or as a result of. Dictionary examples: F~ing the dinner, there will be a dance. He died on October 23rd, f~ing several years of illness.

herself

(pronoun) EMPHASIS

finance

(verb)

fight

(verb) ARGUE

fear

(verb) BE FRIGHTENED OF.to be frightened of something or someone. Dictionary examples: Most older employees fear unemployment. What do you fear most?

burst

(verb) BREAK APART.to break open or apart suddenly, or to make something do this. Dictionary examples: The balloon burst and frightened the children. Suddenly the door burst open and police officers carrying guns rushed in. If I eat any more cake I'll burst!

crack

(verb) BREAK.to break something so that very thin lines appear on its surface but it does not separate, or to become broken in this way. Dictionary examples: A stone hit the window and c~ed the glass. I c~ed my tooth when I fell. The walls c~ed and the roof collapsed in the earthquake.

capture

(verb) CATCH.to catch someone and make them your prisoner, or to take something into your possession, especially by force. Dictionary examples: Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were captured. Rebel forces captured the city after a week-long battle.

disguise

(verb) DIFFERENT APPEARANCE.to give a new appearance to a person or thing, especially in order to hide its true form. Dictionary examples: He d~ed *himself* by shaving his head and wearing a false beard. Minor skin imperfections can usually be d~ed with make-up. We tried to d~ *the fact* that it was just a school hall by putting up coloured lights and balloons.

come

(verb) DIFFERENT STATE.to reach a state, or change to a different state. Dictionary examples: I was sad when the evening came to an end. I came to the conclusion that the relationship wasn't working. That was when this administration came to power.

catch

(verb) DISCOVER.[T] to discover someone who is doing something wrong or something secret. Dictionary examples: He caught her reading his old love letters. She was caught cheating on the exam.

identify

(verb) DISCOVER.to find a particular thing or all the things of a particular group. Dictionary examples: You need to identify your priorities. The research will be used to identify training needs.

cover

(verb) DISTANCE.to travel a particular distance. Dictionary example: We covered 150 miles in four days.

bark

(verb) DOG.If a dog b~s, it makes loud, short sounds. Dictionary example: They heard a dog b~ing outside.

declare

(verb) EXPRESS.to announce something publicly or officially. Dictionary examples: They declared their support for the proposal. The US declared waron Japan in 1941. The country declared independence in 1952.

blink

(verb) EYES.[I or T] to open and close both of your eyes quickly. Dictionary example: You've got something in your eye - try blinking a few times.

doubt

(verb) FEEL UNCERTAIN.to feel uncertain about something or to think that something is not probable. Dictionary examples: I doubt whether/if I can finish the work on time. I doubt (that) I'll get the job. He may come back tomorrow with the money, but I very much doubt it.

inspire

(verb) FEELING.to make someone have a particular feeling or reaction. Dictionary example: He inspires great loyalty in his staff.

cut

(verb) FILM/WRITING.[T] to remove part of a film or piece of writing. Dictionary example: Several scenes had been cut when the movie was shown on TV.

keep

(verb) FOOD.[I] If food or drink keeps, it remains fresh. Dictionary example: Once opened, this product will keep for three days if refrigerated.

acquire (əˈkwɑɪr)

(verb) GET. (formal)to get something. Dictionary examples: He a~ed the company in 1978. I seem to have a~ed two copies of this book.

grant

(verb) GIVE.(formal)to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way. Dictionary example: He was g~ed asylum.

acquire

(verb) LEARN. to learn something. Dictionary example: to a~ *knowledge/skills.*

drop

(verb) LOWER.[I or T] to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level. Dictionary examples: The water level in the flooded region has finally begun to drop. The land drops (away) sharply behind the house. We've had to drop our prices because of the recession.

bother

(verb) MAKE AN EFFORT.[I or T] to make the effort to do something. Dictionary examples: He hasn't even bothered to write. Don't bother making the bed - I'll do it later. You'd have found it if you'd bothered looking. You won't get any credit for doing it, so why bother?

help

(verb) MAKE BETTER

correct

(verb) MAKE RIGHT.to make a mistake or problem right or better. Dictionary example: The new software finds and corrects any errors on the hard disk.

demonstrate

(verb) MARCH.[I] to march or stand with a group of people to show that you disagree with or support someone or something. Dictionary example: Thousands of people gathered to demonstrate against the war.

collect

(verb) MONEY.[I or T] to ask people to give you money for something, for example a charity. Dictionary examples: I'm collecting on behalf of Oxfam. We're collecting (money) for the homeless.

jump

(verb) MOVE SUDDENLY.[I] to make a sudden movement because you are frightened or surprised. Dictionary example: Her scream made me jump.

contain

(verb) PART.to have something as a part. Dictionary examples: Does this drink contain alcohol? Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat. The allegations contained in this report are very serious.

hesitate

(verb) PAUSE.to pause before doing something, especially because you are nervous or not certain. Dictionary examples: Richard hesitated before answering. "Do you love me?" she asked. He hesitated and then said, "I'm not sure."

collapse

(verb) PERSON.If someone collapses, they fall down, usually because they are ill or weak. Dictionary example: He collapsed and died of a heart attack.

freeze

(verb) PERSON.to feel very cold. Dictionary example: Without a sleeping bag, you would f~ *to death* out there on the mountainside.图

avoid

(verb) PREVENT.to prevent something from happening. Dictionary examples: I left the room to a~ a fight. Unnecessary paperwork should be a~ed *at all costs*. The plane *narrowly* a~ed disaster when one of the engines failed on take-off.

hold

(verb) PRISONER.to keep someone in a place so that they cannot leave. Dictionary examples: The terrorists held him hostage for 18 months. I was held prisoner in a tiny attic room.

demonstrate

(verb) PROVE.[T] to show or prove that something exists or is true. Dictionary examples: These problems demonstrate the importance of strategic planning. These figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country. Research has demonstrated that babies can recognize their mother's voice very soon after birth.

arrange

(verb) PUT IN POSITION.[T] to put objects in a particular order or position. Dictionary examples: She a~ed her birthday cards along the shelf. Who a~ed these flowers so beautifully? His books are neatly a~ed in alphabetical order.

dip

(verb) PUT INTO LIQUID.[T] to put something into a liquid for a short time. Dictionary examples: Dip the fish in the batter, then drop it into the hot oil. She dipped her toe into the pool to see how cold it was.

distinguish

(verb) RECOGNIZE DIFFERENCES.to recognize the differences between two people, ideas or things Dictionary examples: He's colour-blind and can't d~ (the difference) *between* red and green easily. I sometimes have difficulty d~ing Spanish from Portuguese. It's important to d~ between *business* and pleasure. It's not the beauty so much as the range of his voice that d~es him from other tenors.

identify

(verb) RECOGNIZE.to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are. Dictionary examples: Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice. Our teacher could identify every student after only two days.

indicate

(verb) SAY.to say something or give a signal to show what you mean or what you intend to do. Dictionary examples: Please indicate which free gift you would like to receive. She indicated to me (that) she didn't want me to say anything.

hunt

(verb) SEARCH.to search for something or someone. Dictionary examples: I've hunted all over the place, but I can't find that book. They are still hunting for the missing child. I've hunted high and lowfor my gloves. Police are hunting the terrorists who planted the bomb.

distinguish

(verb) SEE/HEAR.to be able to see, hear or understand something Dictionary example: I couldn't d~ anything in the darkness.

flash

(verb) SHINE

exchange

(verb) SHOP.to take something back to the shop where you bought it and change it for something else. Dictionary examples: Your purchase can only be exchanged if you have the original receipt. Could I exchange this shirt *for* a larger size?

distinguish

(verb) SHOW DIFFERENCES.to make one person or thing seem different from another. Dictionary example: His great skill d~es him *from* the rest of the team.

go

(verb) SONG

appreciate

(verb) VALUE.to understand how good something is or how difficult it was Dictionary examples: There's no point buying him expensive clothes - he doesn't a~ them. I don't think you a~ *how* much time I spent preparing this meal.

heal

(verb)If a wound or broken bone heals, it becomes healthy again, and if something heals it, it makes it healthy again. Dictionary example: The wound on his head had begun to heal (up).

blush

(verb)to become pink in the face, usually from embarrassment. Dictionary examples: He blushes every time she speaks to him. I blush to think what a fool I made of myself.

deceive

(verb)to make someone believe something that is not true. Dictionary examples: The company d~ ed customers by selling old computers as new ones. The sound of the door closing d~ed me into thinking they had gone out.

distract

(verb)to make someone stop giving their attention to something. Dictionary examples: Don't distract her from her studies. He tried to distract attentionfrom his own illegal activities.

extend

(verb)to make something bigger or to make something last for a longer time. Dictionary examples: We have plans to e~ the deck. They've e~ed their range of products. A lot of department stores have e~ed their hours. I need to e~ my visa.

insure

(verb)to make something certain to happen. Dictionary example: Please insure that your name is at the top of your examination paper.

bookmark

(verb)to mark an Internet website on your computer so that you can find it easily. Dictionary example: I've bookmarked the page.

extract

(verb)to remove or take out something. Dictionary examples: The oil which is e~ed from olives is used mainly for cooking. The tooth was eventually e~ed.

erase

(verb)to remove writing or other marks from something by rubbing it with a piece of rubber or with a cloth. Dictionary example: I kept changing my mind and e~ing my answers on the test.

define

(verb)to say exactly what something means, or what someone or something is like. Dictionary examples: In the dictionary 'reality' is d~ed as 'the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be'. Your duties are clearly d~ed in the contract.

debit

(verb)to take money out of a bank account. Dictionary example: £20 has been d~ed from my account.

interact

(verb)to talk and do things with other people. Dictionary example: At school, teachers said he interacted well with other students.

get in

BE CHOSEN.to succeed in being chosen or elected. Dictionary example: He wanted to go to Stanford, but he didn't g~ in.

cut off sb/sth or cut sb/sth off

BE TRAPPED.(often passive) to prevent people from reaching or leaving a place, or to separate them from other people. Dictionary example: The whole village was c~ off by flooding.

fall apart

BREAK.to break into pieces. Dictionary example: My poor old boots are f~ing apart.

go on

CONTINUE DOING.to continue doing something. Dictionary examples: We can't g~ on living like this. She w~ on talking as though nothing had happened.

come to sth

DIFFERENT STATE.to reach a state, or change to a different state. Dictionary examples: I was sad when the evening came to an end. I came to the conclusion that the relationship wasn't working. That was when this administration came to power.

cut across sth

DIRECTION.to go from one side of an area to the other, instead of going round it. Dictionary example: If we c~ across this field, it will save time.

fall apart

HAVE PROBLEMS. to start having problems that you cannot deal with. Dictionary examples: The deal f~ apart because of a lack of financing. His life f~ apart when his wife died.

knock sb out

HIT SOMEONE.to make someone become unconscious, usually by hitting them on the head. Dictionary example: He was knocked out halfway through the fight.

close down (sth) or close (sth) down

If a business or organization closes down or someone closes it down, it stops operating. Dictionary examples: All the mines in this area were c~ed down in the 80s. Our local butcher is c~ing down.

inside out

If a piece of clothing is inside out, the part that is usually outside is on the inside. Dictionary example: She had her sweater on inside out.

feel different/strange, etc.

If a place, situation, etc., feels different, strange, etc., that is how it seems to you, or that describes your experience of it. Dictionary examples: It f~lt strange to see him again after so long. The house f~s empty without the children.

fall through

If a plan or agreement falls through, it fails to happen. Dictionary example: Our *plans* to go on vacation together f~ through when Jamie got sick.

lay eggs

If an animal lays eggs, it produces them out of its body. Dictionary example: The hens have laid a lot of eggs this week.

cross your mind

If an idea crosses your mind, you think about it for a short time. Dictionary example: It never crossed my mind that she might be married.

cheer up (sb) or cheer (sb) up

If someone cheers up, or something cheers them up, they start to feel happier. Dictionary examples: She was very sick so I sent her some flowers to c~ her up. Ch~ up! It's not that bad! She went shopping to c~ herself up.

be around

If someone is around, they are present in a place. Dictionary examples: Will you be a~ next week? Roger isn't a~ at the moment - can I help instead?

have heard of sb/sth

If you have heard of someone or something, you know that that person or thing exists. Dictionary examples: I'd never heard of him before he won the prize. It's a tiny country that most people have never heard of.

have sb over/to stay, etc.

If you have someone over/to stay, etc., you arrange for someone to visit you in your home. Dictionary example: We had David and Amy over for dinner last week.

justify yourself

If you justify yourself, you give a good reason for what you have done. Dictionary example: It was the only thing that I could do - I don't have to justify myself to anyone.

go blank

If your mind goes blank, you suddenly cannot remember or think of something. Dictionary example: When she asked me his name, I just went blank.

come along

ARRIVE.to arrive or appear at a place. Dictionary example: A taxi never c~s along when you need one.

call off sth or call sth off

NOT HAPPEN.to decide that a planned event or activity will not happen because it is not possible, useful or wanted now. Dictionary example: Tomorrow's match has been c~ed off because of the icy weather.

depend on/upon sb/sth

RELY.to trust someone or something and know that they will help you or do what you want or expect them to do. Dictionary examples: You can always depend on Michael in a crisis. I'm depending on you to keep your promise. You can't depend on the train being on time.

cut down sth or cut sth down

REMOVE.If you c~ down a tree or bush, you make it fall to the ground by cutting it near the bottom. Dictionary example: The new owners c~ down the apple trees.

come up

SUN/MOON.When the sun or moon c~s up, it rises. Dictionary example: We watched the sun c~ up over the ocean.

devote sth to sb/sth

USE SPACE.(often passive)to use a space or area for a particular purpose. Dictionary example: Most of the magazine was d~ed to celebrity gossip.

give birth

When a woman or an animal gives birth, she produces a baby from her body. Dictionary example: She gave b~ to twins.

on a regular/daily/weekly, etc., basis

how often something happens or is done. Dictionary example: Meetings are held on a weekly b~.

if so

if this is the case. Dictionary example: It might rain this afternoon, and if so, we'll have to have the party indoors.

in season

if vegetables or fruit are in season, they are available and ready to eat. Dictionary example: Asparagus is in season at the moment.

in depth

in a very detailed way. Dictionary example: With access to the Internet, students can do their homework in greater d~.

along with sb/sth

in addition to someone or something else. Dictionary example: Now we've got hospital bills a~ with our usual expenses.

in sb's eyes

in someone's opinion. Dictionary example: In my parents' e~s, I'll always be a child.

a working knowledge of sth

knowledge about something which is good enough to be useful. Dictionary example: She has a working knowledge of German and Russian.

beyond my/our, etc. control

not able to be changed by me/us, etc. Dictionary example: Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances b~ our control.

a balanced diet/meal

a healthy mixture of different types of food. Dictionary example: If you have a b~ diet, you are getting all the vitamins you need.

a great deal

a lot. Dictionary examples: She spends a great deal of her time in Glasgow. A great deal of effort has gone into making the software reliable. They still need a great deal more money to finish the project.

a good/great deal

a lot. Dictionary examples: She used to talk a great deal about her childhood in Indiana. A good deal of effort has gone into making the software reliable.

the East

the countries of Asia. Dictionary example: She spent her childhood in the East - mostly in China and Japan.

the day/week/year, etc. before last

the day, week, year, etc. before the one that has just finished. Dictionary example: I only had my hair cut the week before last.

the former

the first of two people, things or groups previously mentioned. Dictionary example: Of the two suggestions, I prefer the f~er.

the basics

the most important facts, skills, or needs. Dictionary example: I really must learn the basics of first aid.

the latter

the second of two people, things or groups previously mentioned. Dictionary example: They only seats available were off to the side or up in the balcony - I chose the latter.

the forties/'40s

the years 1940 through 1949. Dictionary example: Most of these people were born in the f~es.

get on sb's nerves

to annoy someone, especially by doing something again and again. Dictionary example: If we spend too much time together, we end up g~ing on each other's nerves.

get out of sth/doing sth

to avoid doing something that you do not want to do, especially by giving an excuse. Dictionary example: If I can g~ out of going to the meeting tonight I will.

(be) in your eighties/80s

to be aged between 80 and 89. Dictionary example: Many of the residents are in their e~es.

be ashamed of sb

to be angry and disappointed with a family member or friend because they have behaved badly. Dictionary example: My brother was so rude to Jane - I was a~ of him.

be out of breath(Nouns: breath Verbs: breathe)

to be breathing quickly because you have been running, walking fast, etc. Dictionary example: He burst into the room, red-faced and out of b~.

believe in sth/doing sth

to be confident that something is effective and right. Dictionary example: He b~s in saying what he thinks.

get back sth or get sth back

to be given something again that you had before. Dictionary examples: He went next door to g~ his ball back. Don't lend him money, you'll never g~ it back.

be about to do sth

to be going to do something very soon. Dictionary example: I was about to leave when Mark arrived.

be associated with sth(Nouns: association)

to be related to something or caused by something. Dictionary example: There are many risks a~ with smoking.

have to do with sth

to be related to something. Dictionary example: She lacks confidence and I think that has to do with her childhood.

not believe your ears

to be very surprised when you hear what someone says. Dictionary example: I couldn't believe my e~s when Dan said they were getting married.

die out

to become more and more rare and then disappear completely. Dictionary example: Dinosaurs d~ out about 65 million years ago.

draw near/close

to become nearer in space or time. Dictionary example: Her birthday's d~ing nearer every day.

take it for granted

to believe that something is true without checking or thinking about it. Dictionary example: I took it for g~ed that we'd be invited to the wedding.

get on with sth

to continue doing something, especially work. Dictionary example: We don't have all day to finish this job, so can we just g~ on with it?

get the feeling/idea/impression, etc.

to develop an opinion about a situation because of something that you notice. Dictionary example: I g~ the feeling that she was really angry about the situation.

act as sth

to do a particular job, especially one that you do not normally do. Dictionary example: He was asked to a~ as an advisor on the project.

break a record

to do something better, faster, etc. than anyone else. Dictionary example: Usain Bolt broke the world record for the 200 meters.

break the law

to do something illegal. Dictionary example: He didn't know he was b~ing the law by smoking inside the building.

set an example

to do something in a good way so that other people might try to copy you. Dictionary example: Try to set a good example for the younger children.

catch up on/with sth

to do something that you did not have time to do earlier. Dictionary example: I'm hoping to c~ up on some sleep.

kill time

to do something while you are waiting for something else to happen or have nothing else to do. Dictionary example: We killed time playing video games.

keep a/your promise

to do what you promised to do. Dictionary example: James kept his promise and repaid all of the money he had borrowed.

eat up (sth) or eat (sth) up

to eat all the food you have been given. Dictionary example: Be a good boy and eat up your dinner.

break off (sth) or break (sth) off

to end (something) suddenly. Dictionary examples: She b~ off in the middle of a sentence. She b~ off the engagement just two weeks before the wedding.

dig a hole/tunnel

to form a hole by moving soil. Dictionary examples: The tunnel was dug with the aid of heavy machinery. The dog was digging a hole to hide its bone in.

focus (sth) on sb/sth

to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject or thing. Dictionary examples: Tonight's program f~es on the way that homelessness affects the young. When the kitchen is finished I'm going to f~ my attention on the garden and get that fixed up.

be absorbed in sth

to give all your attention to something that you are doing. Dictionary example: Simon was so a~ in his computer game that he didn't notice me come in.

clear up sth or clear sth up

to give an explanation for something, or to deal with a problem or argument. Dictionary example: Before we sign the contract, there are a few points we should clear up.

hand over sb/sth or hand sb/sth over

to give someone or something to someone else. Dictionary examples: The hijacker was handed over to the French police. They were ordered to hand over their weapons.

grow tired/old/calm, etc.

to gradually become tired/old/calm, etc. Dictionary examples: Our bodies change as we grow older. The music was growing louder and louder.

do sb good

to have a good effect on someone. Dictionary example: A vacation in the sun will do you g~.

be designed for/to do sth

to have been planned or done for a particular purpose. Dictionary examples: This dictionary is designed for learners of English. These measures are designed to reduce pollution.

count on sb

to have confidence in someone because you know they will do what you want. Dictionary example: I can always c~ on my parents to help me.

earn a living

to have enough money for the things you need from doing your work. Dictionary example: You can't expect to e~ *a living* from your painting.

date back

to have existed a particular length of time or since a particular time. Dictionary example: This house d~s back to 1650.

date from sth

to have existed since a particular time. Dictionary example: The castle d~s from the 11th century.

know of sth/sb

to have heard of something or someone and have a little information about them. Dictionary example: I know of a good restaurant near the theater.

get sb down

to make someone feel unhappy. Dictionary example: All this uncertainty is really g~ting me down.

draw (sb's) attention to sth/sb

to make someone notice something or someone. Dictionary examples: Could I d~ your attention to item number three on the agenda? Does he wear those ridiculous clothes to d~ attention to himself?

draw (sb's) attention to sth/sb

to make someone notice something or someone. Dictionary examples: If I could just draw your a~ to the second paragraph. She's always drawing a~ to herself.

get sb/sth to do sth

to make something happen, or make someone or something do something. Dictionary examples: I can't g~ my computer to work! I'll g~ Ben to fix your bike.

head back/down/for, etc.

to move in a particular direction. Dictionary examples: I was heading out of the room when she called me back. He headed straight for the refrigerator. We were heading toward Orlando when our truck broke down. I think we ought to head back/home now, before it gets too dark.

climb into/out of/through, etc.

to move into or out of a small space, often with difficulty or effort. Dictionary examples: The baby had managed to c~ out of his crib. They c~ed into the truck and drove away.

break an agreement/promise, etc.

to not do what you should do. Dictionary example: She agreed not to tell anyone, but she b~ her promise.

catch/get/grab/take hold of sth/sb

to start holding something or someone Dictionary examples: He took hold of one end of the rug and tugged. I just managed to grab hold of Lucy before she fell in the pool.

take control

to start to rule or govern an area. Dictionary example: The dictator took c~ of the country in 1933.

bring up sth or bring sth up

to start to talk about a particular subject. Dictionary examples: There are several points I'd like to b~ up at tomorrow's meeting. She's always b~ing up her health problems.

keep sb company

to stay with someone so that they are not alone. Dictionary example: Come and keep me c~, Isabel.

give up

to stop doing an activity or piece of work before you have completed it, usually because it is too difficult. Dictionary example: I had to g~ up halfway through the race.

lay sb off or lay off sb

to stop employing someone, usually because there is no work for them to do. Dictionary example: Because of falling orders, the company has been forced to lay off several hundred workers.

calm down (sb) or calm (sb) down

to stop feeling upset, angry, or excited, or to stop someone from feeling this way. Dictionary examples: C~ down, Lily, and tell me what's wrong. She was angry at first but we managed to c~ her down. She sat down and took a few deep breaths to c~ herself down.

get away with sth

to succeed in not being criticized or punished for something. Dictionary example: If I thought I could g~ away with it, I wouldn't pay any tax at all.

burst out

to suddenly start laughing/crying/shouting, etc. Dictionary example: He took one look at the hat she was wearing and b~ out laughing.

keep your/an eye on sb/sth

to watch or look after someone or something. Dictionary example: Could you keep an e~ on this pot of soup for a moment?

a certain

used before a noun when it is difficult to describe something exactly or give its exact amount. Dictionary example: He's got a c~ charm.

as if

used to describe how a situation seems to be. Dictionary examples: It looks as if it's going to rain. It was as if we had been friends for years.

as if/as though

used to describe how a situation seems to be. Dictionary examples: It looks a~ if it might rain. It was a~ though we had known each other for years.

kind of

used to describe something approximately. Dictionary examples: It's a kind of shed. He was kind of half laughing and half crying.

In conclusion

used to introduce the last part of a speech or a piece of writing. Dictionary examples: In c~, I would like to thank our guest speaker for her fascinating talk. In c~, swimming is an enjoyable form of exercise and an excellent way to keep fit.

however cold/difficult/slowly, etc.

used to say that it does not make any difference how cold/difficult/slowly, etc. Dictionary examples: We're not going to get there in time, however fast we drive. However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza. If Emma likes something, she'll buy it however much it costs. I'll see you after the show and give you $40 for the tickets, or however much they cost.

the fact (of the matter) is

used to tell someone that something is the truth. Dictionary example: I wouldn't usually ask for your help, but the fact is I'm desperate.

as far as sth is concerned

used to tell someone what you are talking about. Dictionary example: A~ far a~ money is concerned, we're doing very well.

would appreciate

used when you are politely requesting something Dictionary example: I would a~ it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.

I/We appreciate...

used when you are thanking someone or showing that you are grateful Dictionary examples: Thanks for all the help you gave us last weekend. We really a~ it. I a~ your making the effort to come.

in secret

without telling other people. Dictionary example: For years they met in secret.

give in

ADMIT DEFEAT.to accept that you have been defeated and agree to stop competing or fighting. Dictionary example: You'll never guess the answer - do you g~ in?

go ahead

ALLOW.something that you say to someone to allow them to do something. Dictionary example: "Can I borrow your book?" - "Yes, g~ ahead."

adopted

(adjective) legally taken by another family to be looked after as their own child Dictionary example: They a~ two of their four children. Danny is their a~ son.

addicted

(adjective) DRUGS.not able to stop taking a drug. Dictionary example: He later became a~ed *to* heroin.

abandoned

(adjective) EMPTY.left empty or not working Dictionary example: an a~ *factory/village*.

adequate

(adjective) ENOUGH. SYN:sufficient.enough. ANT:inadequate. Dictionary examples: I didn't have a~ time to prepare. Will future oil supplies be a~ to meet world needs?

adequate

(adjective) GOOD ENOUGH.good enough, but not very good Dictionary examples: The sound quality isn't great, but it's a~ *for* everyday use. Provisions for handicapped access are *barely* a~.

abstract

(adjective) IDEAS.relating to ideas and not real things Dictionary examples: abstract *ideas*. Truth and beauty are abstract *concepts*.

active

(adjective) INVOLVED. very involved in an organization or planned activity. Dictionary examples: She *remains* a~ *in* local arts organizations. He played an a~ *role* in the campaign. Both of his parents were *politically* a~. Encourage students to *take an a~ part/role in* discussions. She's an a~ *members/supporter* of her trade union.

abandoned

(adjective) LEFT SOMEWHERE.having been left somewhere, intentionally Dictionary example: An a~ baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.

addicted

(adjective) LIKING.liking something very much Dictionary example: He's a~ *to* chocolate/football.

actual

(adjective) REAL. real, not guessed or imagined. Dictionary examples: We estimated about 300 visitors, but the a~ *number* was much higher. The exams are in July, but the a~ *results* aren't available until September.

accessible

(adjective)able to be reached or easily gotten. Dictionary example: The island resort is a~ by plane or ferry.

absolute

(adjective)complete and definite. Dictionary examples: absolute *power/control*. That's absolute nonsense! Repairing the heating system is an absolute necessity!

accurate

(adjective)correct, exact and without any mistakes. SYN:exact.correct.precise. ANT:inaccurate. Dictionary examples: a~ *information/measurements.* She was able to give the police a fairly a~ *description* of the man. Her novel is an a~ reflection of life in post-war Spain. not strictly / entirely / completely a~. fairly / reasonably a~ We hope to become more a~ *in* predicting earthquakes.

accidental

(adjective)happening by chance. Dictionary examples: a~ *damage.* The archeological site was located after the a~ discovery of bones in a field.

academic

(adjective)relating to schools, colleges, and universities, or to subjects that involve thinking and studying and not technical or practical skills. Dictionary examples: a~ *subjects/programs/institutions*. a~ *standards/achievement*.

absurd(əbˈsɜrd)

(adjective)very silly. Dictionary examples: What an a~ explanation! Don't be so a~! Of course I want you to come. It's an a~ *situation* - neither of them will talk to the other.

aggressively

(adverb) in an aggressive way. Dictionary examples: Small children often *behave* a~. They played more a~ in the second half.

accurately

(adverb)in an accurate way. ANT:inaccurately. Dictionary example: The plans should be drawn as a~ as possible, showing all the measurements.

admittedly

(adverb)used when you are agreeing that something is *true* although you do not want to. Dictionary example: A~, I could have tried harder but I still don't think all this criticism is fair.

adoption (Word family: Nouns: adoption Verbs: adopt Adjectives: adopted)

(noun) the process of legally becoming the parents of someone else's child . Dictionary example: She couldn't have children, so they were considering a~. She decided to put the baby up for a~ .

addiction(Word family: Nouns: addict, addiction Adjectives: addicted, addictive)

(noun) when you cannot stop doing or taking something because you are addicted to it. Dictionary examples: *drug /heroin / alcohol a~*. an a~ *to* alcohol. His a~ to computer games means he is spending far too much time indoors.

abuse

(noun) BAD TREATMENT.[C or U] bad or cruel treatment of people or animals. Dictionary examples: *sexual/psychological/mental* a~. The rescued dogs had been victims of *physical* a~.

agreement

(noun) DECISION.[C] a promise or decision made between two or more groups or people. Dictionary examples: an a~ *with* the company. an a~ *between* both parties. It was difficult to *reach* an a~. The president has *signed* an international a~ on climate change. They have *broken* the a~ *on* human rights.

action

(noun) DO. [C or U] something that you do. Dictionary examples: We must *take* a~ before the problem gets worse. She has to accept the *consequences of* her a~s. What do you think is the best *course of* a~? *tough / firm / decisive / drastic* a~.

addition (Word family: Nouns: addition Verbs: add Adjectives: additional)

(noun) NEW THING. [C] a new or extra thing which is added to something. Dictionary example: Matt is the latest a~ *to* the team. *the latest / new / recent* a~ to our designer range.

absence

(noun) NOT EXISTING.[U] when something does not exist. Dictionary example: He drew attention to the absence *of* concrete evidence against the defendant.

addition

(noun) NUMBERS/AMOUNTS. [U] the process of adding numbers or amounts together in order to get a total. Dictionary example: Twice a week the children are tested in basic math skills such as a~ and subtraction.

advance

(noun) PROGRESS. [C or U] new discoveries and inventions. Dictionary examples: *technological/scientific* a~s. Our lives have been improved by the many recent a~s in computer technology. *the* a~ *of* modern medicine.

affair

(noun) RELATIONSHIP.[C] a sexual relationship, especially a secret one. Dictionary examples: Do you think he's *having* an a~ with someone? The book is the story of a long *love* a~ that has a sad ending.

agreement

(noun) SAME OPINION.[U] when people have the same opinion or make the same decision. Dictionary examples: Are we all in a~? There was broad a~ about/on what to do.

agent

(noun) SECRET INFORMATION.someone who tries to find out secret information, especially about another country. Dictionary example: a secret /foreign / FBI/intelligence a~.

affair

(noun) SITUATION.[C] a situation, matter, or set of related events that is being dealt with or considered. Dictionary examples: The meeting was addressed by an expert in South American a~s. What I do in my spare time is my own a~.

advantage

(noun) SUCCESS. [C or U] something that will help you to succeed. Dictionary example: These new routes will give the airline an a~ over its competitors.

act

(noun) THING DONE. [C] something that someone does. Dictionary examples: an a~ of *aggression/kindness/terrorism*. a *kind/thoughtless/selfish* a~. The simple a~ of telling someone about a problem can help.

activity

(noun) WORK.the work of a group or organization to achieve an aim Dictionary examples: Energy companies have concentrated their *business* a~ in Houston. *illegal/criminal/illegal a~*. *political / economic / business* a~.

abuse

(noun) WRONG USE.[C or U] the use of a substance in an unsuitable and harmful way or for the wrong purpose. Dictionary examples: *Drug and alcohol* a~ contributed to his early death. This program tries to address problems that lead to substance a~.

affection

(noun)a feeling of liking or loving a person or place. Dictionary examples: He *had* a deep a~ *for* his aunt. She *felt* no a~ *for* the child.

accommodations

(noun)a place to stay such as a hotel room. Dictionary example: Tour operators are advertising a~s as low as $79 per night in first-class hotels.

agriculture

(noun)farming. Dictionary examples: A~ is still largely based on traditional methods in some countries. The area depends on a~ for most of its income.

accuse

(verb) to say that someone has done something bad. Dictionary examples: He's been a~ed *of robbery/murder*. Are you a~ing me *of* lying?

accept

(verb) ADMIT.[T] to admit that something is true, often something unpleasant. Dictionary examples: He refuses to a~ *that* he's made a mistake. I can't a~ *that* there's nothing we can do.

accept

(verb) ALLOW TO JOIN.[T] to allow someone to join an organization or become part of a group. Dictionary examples: She was a~ted *to* two of the universities she applied to. He was a~ted *as* a full member of the society. His fellow workers refused to accept him.

affect

(verb) CAUSE CHANGE.to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change. Dictionary examples: The divorce a~ed every aspect of her life. Both buildings were badly a~ed by the fire.

affect

(verb) CAUSE EMOTION.[often passive] to cause a strong emotion, especially sadness Dictionary example: I was deeply a~ed by the film.

adjust

(verb) CHANGE BEHAVIOR. [I] to change the way you behave or think in order to suit a new situation. Dictionary example: They found it hard to a~ *to* life in a new country. My parents had trouble a~ing to *living* in an apartment. It took time to a~ *myself to* motherhood.

adapt

(verb) CHANGE BEHAVIOR.to change your behavior so that it is suitable for a new situation. Dictionary example: It takes time *to* a~ to a new environment.

adapt

(verb) CHANGE SOMETHING.to change something so that it is suitable for a different use or situation Dictionary examples: Many companies have a~ed popular applications *to* the smartphones and tablets. Davies is busy a~ing Brinkworth's latest *novel for television*.

adjust

(verb) CHANGE. [T] to change something slightly so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable. Dictionary examples: If the chair is too high you can a~ it to suit you. As a teacher you have to a~ your methods to suit the needs of different children.

act (Word family: Nouns: act, action, actor Verbs: act)

(verb) DO SOMETHING. [I] to do something, especially in order to solve a problem. Dictionary examples: She a~ed without thinking. We have to a~ now *to* stop the spread of this disease.

abandon

(verb) LEAVE.to leave someone or something somewhere, sometimes not returning to get them. Dictionary examples: They were forced to a~ the car. My sister a~ed me at the station, so I went home alone. We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to a~ ship.

admire

(verb) RESPECT. to respect or approve of someone or something. Dictionary examples: I a~ed him *for* his determination. I really a~ your enthusiasm. I really a~ people who can work in such difficult conditions.

agree

(verb) SAY YES.[I] to say you will do something that someone asks you to. Dictionary examples: She a~ed *to* help him. The bank has a~ed *to* lend me $5000.

adopt

(verb) START. [T] to accept or start to use something new. Dictionary examples: We've a~ed a new *approach* to the problem. The new tax would force companies to a~ energy-saving measures. He's a~ed a remarkably light-hearted attitude towards the situation. a~ *an approach / policy / attitude*.

access

(verb)to find or see information, especially using a computer. Dictionary example: You can a~ the files over the Internet.

ache (eɪk)

(verb)to have a continuous pain that is unpleasant but not strong. Dictionary examples: My head/tooth/back a~s. I a~/I'm a~ing *all over*. My arms a~ from carrying this bag. After my exercise class, my whole body a~ed.

abolish

(verb)to officially end something, especially a law or system Dictionary examples: I think bullfighting should be a~ed. National Service was a~ed in Britain in 1962.

dumb

(adjective) STUPID.(informal)stupid. Dictionary examples: a dumb idea/question I feel so dumb - I should have know that's what you meant.

ecologically

(adverb) in a way that relates to ecology or the environment. Dictionary example: It's an e~ *friendly/sound* means of transport.

berry

(noun)a small round fruit on particular plants and trees. Dictionary example: I usually scatter a few berries on my muesli.

dynamic

(adjective) ACTIVE.full of ideas, energy and enthusiasm. Dictionary example: She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team.

brick

(noun)a small, hard, rectangular block used for building walls and houses. Dictionary example: a b~ wall.

crazy

(adjective) ANGRY.annoyed or angry. Dictionary examples: The constant noise drove me crazy. Dad went crazy when I told him what had happened.

bullet

(noun)a small, metal object that is shot from a gun. Dictionary example: A bullet had lodged in the boy's leg.

bun

(noun)a small, round cake or piece of bread. Dictionary examples: a hamburger/hot dog b~. cinnamon b~s.

attached

(adjective) CONNECTED TO.joined or connected to another thing. Dictionary examples: Please fill out the a~ form. They live in the a~ house across the street.

formal(Word family: Adjectives: formal, informal Adverbs: formally, informally)

(adjective) CORRECT.describes language, clothes and behavior that are traditional and correct Dictionary example: a f~ dinner party.

criminal

(adjective) CRIME.relating to crime. Dictionary examples: criminal activity a criminal act/offence a criminal investigation I didn't know he had a criminal record.

far

(adjective) DISTANT.describes the part of something that is most distant from the center or from you. Dictionary examples: His office is at the far end of the corridor. The children ran to the far *side/corner* of the room.

anxious(Word family: Nouns: anxiety Adjectives: anxious Adverbs: anxiously)

(adjective) EAGER. wanting to do something or wanting something to happen. Dictionary examples: I'm a~ *to* hear her news. I'm a~ *that* we get there on time because I don't think there'll be many seats left.

awkward

(adjective) EMBARRASSING.embarrassing and not relaxed. Dictionary examples: an a~ *situation*. She's put me in quite an a~ *position.* There was an a~ *silence*. They'd chosen an a~ time to call as I was just about to leave.

emotional

(adjective) EMOTIONS.relating to emotions. Dictionary examples: a child's emotional development My doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical.

hourly

(adjective) EVERY HOUR.done or happening every hour. Dictionary examples: There's an hourly bus service into town. A nurse checked him at hourly intervals.

balanced

(adjective) FAIR.considering all the facts in a fair way. Dictionary example: The news program prides itself on its b~ reporting.

inner

(adjective) FEELINGS.Inner feelings or thoughts are ones that you do not show or tell other people. Dictionary example: Sarah always seemed to have a deep sense of inner peace.

firm

(adjective) FIXED

full

(adjective) FOOD

exceptional(Word family: Nouns: exception Adjectives: exceptional Adverbs: exceptionally)

(adjective) GOOD.extremely good. Dictionary example: He really is an e~ student.

continuous

(adjective) GRAMMAR.being the form of a verb used to show that an action is continuing to happen. Dictionary example: the present/past continuous

forthcoming

(adjective) HAPPENING SOON.(always before noun) happening soon. Dictionary example: We have just received the information about the f~ conference.

bright

(adjective) HAPPY.happy or full of hope. Dictionary examples: You're very bright and cheery this morning! She's an excellent student with a bright future.

bitter

(adjective) HATE.full of hate or anger. Dictionary example: a b~ *argument/dispute*

chief

(adjective) HIGHEST IN RANK.highest in rank Dictionary example: He is the chief economic adviser to the government.

domestic

(adjective) HOME.belonging or relating to the home, house or family. Dictionary example: domestic chores/duties/arrangements

decent

(adjective) HONEST.honest and morally good. Dictionary examples: D~ people have had their lives ruined by his behaviour. She should do the d~ thing and apologize.

bright

(adjective) INTELLIGENT.clever. Dictionary examples: They were bright children, always asking questions. She was enthusiastic and full of bright ideas and suggestions.

attractive

(adjective) INTERESTING.interesting or useful. Dictionary examples: an a~ *offer/idea*. We want to make the club a~ *to* a wider range of people.

cheerful

(adjective) MAKING YOU FEEL HAPPY.describes a place or thing that is bright and pleasant and makes you feel positive and happy. Dictionary example: The doctor's waiting room was bright and cheerful with yellow walls and curtains.

chief

(adjective) MOST IMPORTANT.most important or main. Dictionary examples: The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease. The weather was our chief reason for coming here.

dependent

(adjective) NEEDING SUPPORT.needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating. Dictionary examples: He has three d~ c hildren. It's very easy to become d~ *on* sleeping pills.

incredible

(adjective) NOT BELIEVE.impossible, or very difficult, to believe. Dictionary example: It seems incredible that no one complained.

doubtful

(adjective) NOT CERTAIN.not feeling certain about something. Dictionary example: The teacher is doubtful about having parents working as classroom assistants.

confused

(adjective) NOT CLEAR.not clear. Dictionary example: The witnesses gave confused accounts of what happened.

innocent

(adjective) NOT DESERVED.used to emphasize that someone who was hurt had done nothing wrong. Dictionary example: Several innocent civilians were killed in the bombing.

bad

(adjective) NOT FRESH.Bad food is not fresh and cannot be eaten. Dictionary example: I think this milk is b~.

innocent

(adjective) NOT GUILTY.not guilty of committing a crime. Dictionary example: He firmly believes that she is innocent of the crime.

independent

(adjective) NOT INFLUENCED.not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events or things. Dictionary examples: an independent inquiry/organization The group is independent of any political party.

hidden

(adjective) NOT KNOW ABOUT.If something is hidden, most people do not know about it. Dictionary examples: hidden costs/taxes Harry had a hidden agenda at the meeting and was determined to get his way.

general

(adjective) NOT LIMITED

artificial

(adjective) NOT NATURAL.not natural, but made by people Dictionary examples: an a~ flower/lake. a~ flavors.

casual

(adjective) NOT PLANNED.not planned, or without particular meaning or importance. Dictionary example: a c~ *meeting/remark*

critical

(adjective) NOT PLEASED.saying that someone or something is bad or wrong. Dictionary examples: a c~ report. The report is highly c~ *of* safety standards at the factory.

doubtful

(adjective) NOT PROBABLE.not probable. Dictionary examples: It is doubtful whether/if he'll be able to come. It was doubtful that the money would ever be found again.

false

(adjective) NOT REAL.not real, but made to look or seem real. Dictionary examples: false eyelashes/teeth. false documents.

direct(Word family: Nouns: direction, directions, director Verbs: direct Adjectives: direct, indirect Adverbs: directly, indirectly)

(adjective) NOTHING BETWEEN.with no other person or thing involved or between. Dictionary examples: She decided to take d~ control of the project. Have you any d~ experience of this kind of work? He left as a d~ *result/consequence* of what she said. There is a d~ *link/connection* between smoking and lung cancer.

apparent

(adjective) OBVIOUS.obvious or easy to notice. Dictionary examples: Her unhappiness was a~ to everyone. It was becoming increasingly a~ that he could no longer look after himself. On the subway this morning, the man sitting opposite me suddenly screamed for no a~ reason.

childish

(adjective) OF A CHILD.typical of a child. Dictionary example: c~ handwriting.

disorganized

(adjective) OF SOMEONE.not good at planning or organizing things. Dictionary example: He's impossible to work for - he's so d~.

disorganized

(adjective) OF SOMETHING.not planned or organized well. Dictionary example: The whole conference was totally d~ - nobody knew what they were supposed to be doing.

foreign

(adjective) OTHER COUNTRIES

external

(adjective) OUTSIDE.relating to the outside part of something. Dictionary examples: the e~ *walls* of the house This cream is *for* e~ *use* only.

hourly

(adjective) PER HOUR.for each hour. Dictionary examples: an hourly rate hourly pay

ambitious

(adjective) PERSON.wanting to be successful or powerful. Dictionary examples: an a~ young lawyer. He's very a~ *for* his children.

competitive

(adjective) PERSON.wanting very much to win or be more successful than other people. Dictionary example: She's very competitive.

competitive

(adjective) PRICES/SERVICES.as good as or better than other prices, services, etc. Dictionary example: They offer high quality merchandise at competitive prices.

genuine

(adjective) REAL.If something is genuine, it is really what it seems to be. Dictionary example: g~ leather.

fresh

(adjective) RECENT

artistic

(adjective) RELATING TO ART.[always before noun] relating to any form of art, including painting, literature, theater, music, etc. Dictionary examples: the a~ director of the theater a work of a~ merit.

close

(adjective) RELATIONSHIP.seeing or communicating with someone a lot. Dictionary examples: I'm still in close contact with my school friends. Our school has close links with a school in China.

guilty

(adjective) RESPONSIBLE

fatal

(adjective) SERIOUS.Fatal actions have very bad effects. Dictionary example: He made the f~ *mistake/error* of believing what they told him.

childish

(adjective) SILLY.Childish behavior is silly, like that of a small child. Dictionary example: Don't be so c~!

competitive

(adjective) SITUATION.involving competition. Dictionary examples: competitive sports a highly competitive industry

faint

(adjective) SLIGHT.slight and not easy to notice, smell, hear, etc. Dictionary examples: a f~ sound/noise/smell. She gave me a f~ smile.

deep

(adjective) SOUND.A deep sound is low. Dictionary example: a wonderfully deep voice

fierce

(adjective) STRONG.very strong or powerful. Dictionary examples: F~ *winds/storms* battered the coast all weekend. Fire fighters had to retreat from the f~ heat.图

immediate

(adjective) WITHOUT DELAY.happening or done without delay or very soon after something else. Dictionary examples: The directors have demanded his immediate resignation. The change in school hours will have little effect on most families. He made an immediate impact when he arrived to coach the team. Regular bus service may not be available in the immediate aftermath of the hurricane.

icy

(adjective) WITHOUT FEELING.without showing any emotion. Dictionary example: an icy stare

desperate

(adjective) WITHOUT HOPE.extremely worried or frightened and ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in. Dictionary examples: The doctors made one last desperate attempt/effort to save the boy's life. They made a desperate appeal for help.

continuous

(adjective) WITHOUT STOPPING.happening or existing without stopping. Dictionary examples: continuous pain My computer makes a continuous low buzzing noise. A continuous white line in the middle of the road means no passing.

comfortable

(adjective) WITHOUT WORRIES.If you are comfortable in a situation, you do not have any worries about it. Dictionary example: I don't feel comfortable about leaving the children here alone.

concerned

(adjective) WORRIED. Dictionary examples: He's very c~ *about* her health. I'm c~ *that* sales figures haven't improved C~ parents have complained about the dangerous playground.

complex

(adjective).involving a lot of different but connected parts in a way that is difficult to understand. Dictionary examples: a c~ network of roads. a c~ procedure. The film's plot was so c~ that I couldn't follow it.

divided

(adjective)If a group, organization or country is divided, there are disagreements among the people in it. Dictionary example: Board members are d~ over the plans for the new stadium.

compulsory

(adjective)If something is c~, you must do it because of a rule or law. Dictionary examples: Wearing seat belts in cars is c~ by law. Swimming was c~ at my school.

impressive

(adjective)Someone or something that is impressive makes you admire and respect them. Dictionary examples: She's a very impressive public speaker. That was an impressive performance from such a young tennis player. an impressive collection of modern paintings There are some very impressive buildings in the town.

bossy

(adjective)always telling other people what to do. Dictionary example: a bossy older sister

fed up

(adjective)annoyed or bored by something that you have experienced for too long. Dictionary examples: I'm f~ up *with* my job. He *got* f~ up with all the traveling he had to do.

irritated

(adjective)annoyed. Dictionary example: Ben began to get increasingly irritated by/with her questions.

arrogant

(adjective)believing that you are better or more important than other people. Dictionary example: I found him a~ and rude.

improved

(adjective)better than before. Dictionary examples: A new and improved version of this software was released last week. improved quality/performance/safety

controversial

(adjective)causing disagreement or discussion. Dictionary examples: a c~ *issue/decision/speech/figure*. The book was very c~.

definite

(adjective)certain, fixed and not likely to change。 Dictionary examples: The date for the meeting - is that definite? We need a definite answer by tomorrow.

convinced

(adjective)certain. Dictionary examples: My boyfriend says I'd enjoy a walking holiday, but I'm not c~. I'm c~ *(that)* she is lying.

industrial

(adjective)connected with industry, or having a lot of industry and factories, etc. Dictionary examples: industrial expansion an industrial landscape He has an industrial background.

caring

(adjective)describes someone who is kind and gives emotional support to others. Dictionary example: I've always thought of Jo as a very caring person.

existing

(adjective)describes something that exists now. Dictionary examples: The e~ church was built in the sixteenth century. The e~ laws are inadequate.

functional(Word family: Nouns: function Adjectives: functional)

(adjective)designed to be practical and useful. Dictionary example: f~ clothing.

hard-working

(adjective)doing a job seriously and with a lot of effort Dictionary example: She's a very hard-working student.

identical

(adjective)exactly the same. Dictionary examples: I've got three identical blue suits. The two rooms were virtually identical. The tests are identical to last year's.

internal

(adjective)existing or happening inside a person, object, organization, place or country. Dictionary examples: He sustained injuries to his arms, legs and several internal organs. The bank conducted its own internal investigation into the robbery. The government warned its neighbors not to interfere in its internal affairs.

contemporary

(adjective)existing or happening now. Dictionary examples: c~ *music/literature/art/fashion* Although it was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a c~ feel to it.

dreadful

(adjective)extremely bad or unpleasant. Dictionary examples: The food was bad and the service was d~. I was beginning to think I'd made a d~ *mistake*. The news report was so d~ that I just had to switch it off.

concerning

(preposition)about. Dictionary example: I got a letter from the state tax department concerning the new commuter tax.

devoted(Word family: Verbs: devote Adjectives: devoted)

(adjective)extremely loving or caring very much about someone or something. Dictionary examples: a d~ *fan*/husband/wife Lucy is d~ *to* her cats.

distinguished

(adjective)famous, praised, or admired. Dictionary example: a d~ writer

impressed

(adjective)feeling admiration or respect for someone or something. Dictionary examples: I was impressed by her professionalism. He seemed suitably impressed by our efforts.

dizzy

(adjective)feeling as if everything is turning round, so that you feel ill or as if you might fall. Dictionary examples: Going without sleep for a long time makes me *feel* d~ and lightheaded. I felt quite d~ *with* excitement as I went up to accept the award.

initial

(adjective)first, or happening at the beginning. Dictionary examples: My initial reaction was one of anger. Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.

entertaining

(adjective)funny and enjoyable. Dictionary examples: an e~ story/movie/talk. His books aren't particularly well-written, but they're always e~.

detailed

(adjective)giving a lot of information. Dictionary example: A witness gave a d~ description of the man.

instant

(adjective)happening immediately, without any delay. Dictionary examples: This type of account offers you instant access to your money. Contrary to expectations, the movie was an instant success.

beneficial

(adjective)helpful, useful or good. Dictionary examples: The improvement in sales figures had a beneficial effect on the company as a whole. Exercise is beneficial to/for almost everyone.

invisible

(adjective)impossible to see. Dictionary examples: The aircraft is designed to be invisible to radar. The house was invisible from the road.

approximate

(adjective)not completely accurate but close. Dictionary examples: Their a~ arrival time is 10:30. These figures/numbers are a~. Do you know the a~ size of the rooms??

ill

(adjective)not feeling well, or suffering from a disease. Dictionary examples: He is in the hospital, critically ill. I felt ill so I went home. He's been ill.

informal

(adjective)not formal or official. Dictionary examples: The two groups agreed to hold an informal meeting. He's the ideal sort of teacher - direct, friendly and informal. "Hi" is an informal way of greeting people.

environmentally friendly

(adjective)not harmful to the environment. Dictionary example: e~-friendly laundry detergent.

ideal

(adjective)perfect, or the best possible. Dictionary examples: the ideal job She's the ideal person for the job. This small table is ideal for bedroom your kitchen. It's the ideal opportunity to meet people. In an ideal world no one would go hungry.

favorable

(adjective)showing that you like or approve of someone or something, or making you support or approve of someone or something. Dictionary example: She made a very favorable *impression* on us.

damp

(adjective)slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable. Dictionary examples: The grass is still d~. This shirt still feels a bit d~ It was a d~, misty morning.

elegant

(adjective)stylish and attractive. Dictionary examples: She's a very elegant woman. Tara looked very elegant in a simple black dress. He led me to an elegant dining room.

effective

(adjective)successful or achieving the results that you want. Dictionary examples: effective management It's an extremely effective cure for a headache. The lighting for the production made a very effective use of shadow. She's a very effective teacher.

canned

(adjective)used to describe food or drink that has been put into metal containers in a factory. Dictionary example: c~ tomatoes.

breathtaking

(adjective)very beautiful or surprising. Dictionary example: b~ *scenery/views*

evil

(adjective)very cruel, bad or harmful. Dictionary examples: an evil monster These people are just evil.

delightful

(adjective)very pleasant, attractive, or enjoyable. Dictionary example: We had a d~ evening.图

astonished

(adjective)very surprised. Dictionary examples: I was a~ *to* see Miriam there. They looked a~ *when* I announced I was pregnant. The doctors were a~ *at* the speed of her recovery.

inexperienced

(adjective)without much experience or knowledge of something. Dictionary example: Abigail Kennedy was young and inexperienced.

freely

(adverb)

furthermore

(adverb)

generously

(adverb)

gently

(adverb)

genuinely(Word family: Adjectives: genuine Adverbs: genuinely)

(adverb)

globally

(adverb)

gradually

(adverb)

greatly

(adverb)

jealously

(adverb) in a jealous way. Dictionary example: She eyed Gwen's engagement ring jealously.

fairly

(adverb)IN THE RIGHT WAY. If you do something fairly, you do it in a way which is right and reasonable and treats people equally. Dictionary examples: He claimed that he hadn't been treated fairly by his employers. Officials will ensure that the election is carried out fairly.

further

(adverb)MORE

anyhow

(adverb)MORE IMPORTANTLY.used to give a more important reason for something that you are saying. Dictionary example: I don't need a car and I can't afford one a~.

back

(adverb)STATE.to the state something or someone was in before. Dictionary examples: It's not badly broken - I'm sure we can put it b~ together again. Hopefully things will get b~ to normal soon. A thunderstorm woke me, and I couldn't get b~ to sleep.

curiously

(adverb)STRANGELY.strangely. Dictionary example: C~, there didn't seem to be a bank in the town.

firmly

(adverb)STRONGLY.strongly; in a way that will not become loose. Dictionary example: Make sure the rope is f~ attached before attempting to climb down it.

desperately

(adverb)TRYING EVERYTHING.in a way that shows you are frightened and ready to try anything to change a situation. Dictionary example: They fought desperately for their lives.

badly

(adverb)UNPLEASANT.in an unpleasant way. Dictionary example: I thought he was *treated* very b~.

far

(adverb)VERY MUCH.very much. Dictionary examples: This car is far better than our old one. It cost far more (money) than I could afford. He loses his temper far too often.

happily

(adverb)WILLING

currently

(adverb)at the present time. Dictionary examples: The company currently employs around 750 people. He currently is developing a new movie project.

environmentally

(adverb)in a way that is related to the environment. Dictionary examples: environmentally damaging chemicals We need our industries to work in an environmentally responsible way.

emotionally

(adverb)in a way that shows emotions or relates to emotions. Dictionary examples: She spoke emotionally about her experiences as a war correspondent. Many children have become emotionally disturbed as a result of the abuse they have suffered.

electronically

(adverb)in a way that uses electronic equipment, especially a computer. Dictionary examples: e~ generated graphics. e~ stored information.

anxiously

(adverb)in an anxious way. Dictionary example: We *waited* a~ by the phone.

innocently

(adverb)in an innocent way. Dictionary examples: "Have I done something wrong?" she asked innocently. He said he had obtained the television innocently, not knowing it had been stolen.

elsewhere

(adverb)in or to another place. Dictionary examples: The report looks at economic growth in Europe and elsewhere. They couldn't find what they wanted and decided to look elsewhere.

eventually

(adverb)in the end, especially after a long time. Dictionary examples: E~ they reached an agreement. He e~ got around to fixing the bike.

formerly(Word family: Adjectives: former Adverbs: formerly)

(adverb)in the past. Dictionary example: The European Union was f~ called the European Community.

deliberately

(adverb)intentionally. Dictionary example: I'm sure he says these things d~ to annoy me.

alternatively

(adverb)used to suggest another possibility. Dictionary example: We could go to the Indian restaurant, *or* a~, we could try that new Italian place.

brightly

(adverb)with a lot of strong color or light. Dictionary examples: brightly colored clothes a brightly lit room

continuously(Word family: Nouns: continuity Verbs: continue Adjectives: continual, continuous Adverbs: continually, continuously)

(adverb)without stopping. Dictionary example: You can't work c~ for six hours without a break!

enough

(determiner, pronoun) NEGATIVE COMMENT.as much as or more than is wanted. Dictionary examples: I've got enough work to do at the moment, without being given any more. Half an hour in his company is quite enough! Stop. You've made enough of a mess already. You've drunk more than enough juice already. I've had enough of your excuses.

not/never get anywhere

(informal) to not make any progress. Dictionary example: I tried discussing the problem with her but I didn't get a~.

Who cares?

(informal) used to emphasize that you do not think something is important Dictionary example: "The Liberty won again last night!" "Who c~s?"

fair enough

(informal)used for saying that you can understand and accept someone's opinion or decision. Dictionary example: "He says he'll only work on Sunday if he gets paid extra." "Fair e~."

the hell

(informal)used to emphasize something in a rude or angry way Dictionary example: What the hell are you doing here?

consciousness

(noun) AWAKE.when someone is awake and can think and notice things. Dictionary examples: He *lost* c~ for several minutes. He never *regained* c~ after the accident.

egg

(noun) BABY.[C] an oval object with a hard shell that contains a baby bird, insect or other creature. Dictionary examples: The cuckoo lays her egg in another bird's nest. After fourteen days the eggs hatch.

habit

(noun) BAD ACTIVITY

hell

(noun) BAD EXPERIENCE.an experience that is very unpleasant. Dictionary examples: It's been hell working with him. Work is sheer hell at the moment. The last few months have been absolute hell.

fault

(noun) BAD QUALITY.[C] something that is wrong with someone's character. Dictionary example: He has many faults, but dishonesty isn't one of them.

introduction

(noun) BASIC KNOWLEDGE.[C] a book or course which provides basic knowledge about a subject. Dictionary example: an introduction to psychology

appearance

(noun) BECOMING AVAILABLE.[C] when someone appears in public, on television, in a film, etc. Dictionary examples: It was his first a~ on television/television appearance as president. She *made* two a~ during her visit. She will be making a *public* a~, signing copies of her latest novel.

convenience

(noun) BEING EASY.[U] the quality of being convenient. Dictionary examples: the convenience of credit cards I like the convenience of living so close to the stores and supermarket.

certainty

(noun) BEING SURE.[U] when you are completely sure about something. Dictionary example: I'm unable to answer that question with any certainty.

cycle

(noun) BICYCLE.a bicycle. Dictionary example: a cycle route/ride

bar

(noun) BLOCK.a substance that has been made into a solid, rectangular shape. Dictionary examples: a b~ of soap. a chocolate b~.

heel

(noun) BODY PART. the back part of your foot. Dictionary example: I got blisters on my heels from my new shoes.

chest

(noun) BODY.the front part of your body, between your neck and your waist, containing your heart and your lungs. Dictionary examples: He was shot in the chest. Peter has a very hairy chest. She went to the doctor complaining of chest pains.

explosion(Word family: Nouns: explosion, explosive Verbs: explode Adjectives: explosive)

(noun) BOMB.when something such as a bomb explodes. Dictionary examples: Forty people were killed in the e~. The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas e~.图

contents

(noun) BOOK.a list in a book that tells you what different parts the book contains Dictionary example: a table of c~.

joy

(noun) CAUSE OF HAPPINESS.[C] something or someone that makes you feel very happy. Dictionary examples: Listening to music is one of his greatest joys. the joys of parenthood She's a joy to work with.

carnival

(noun) CELEBRATION.a public celebration where people wear special clothes and dance and play music in the streets. Dictionary example: I took the kids to the local c~.

confidence

(noun) CERTAIN.when you are certain of your ability to do things well. Dictionary examples: He's got the confidence to walk into a room of strangers and immediately start a conversation. The training has given me the confidence to deal with any situation that arises. She has ability but she lacks confidence. I have every/complete confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job.

identity

(noun) CHARACTERISTICS.the things that make one person or group of people different from others. Dictionary examples: cultural/national identity I think my job gives me a sense of identity.

approach

(noun) COMING CLOSER. [U] when something or someone gets nearer in distance or time. Dictionary examples: The siren signaled the a~ of an ambulance. Please fasten your seat belts, the plane is now making its final a~ (in)to Heathrow Airport.

application(verbs:apply)

(noun) COMPUTER SOFTWARE.a piece of computer software designed for a particular purpose Dictionary example: Typical examples of software a~s are spreadsheets, media players and database applications.

desktop

(noun) COMPUTER.( also desktop computer) a computer that is small enough to fit on a desk. Dictionary example: I can download from my d~ to my mobile phone.图

bug

(noun) COMPUTER.a mistake or problem in a computer program. Dictionary example: A bug had caused the company's computer system to crash.

icon

(noun) COMPUTER.a small picture on a computer screen that you choose in order to make the computer do something. Dictionary example: Click on the print icon.

data

(noun) COMPUTER.information in the form of text, numbers or symbols that can be used by or stored in a computer. Dictionary example: Now the data is being transferred from magnetic tape to hard disk.

input

(noun) COMPUTER.information that is put into a computer or the act of putting information into a computer. Dictionary example: Data input is carried out by a team based overseas.

attachment

(noun) COMPUTING.[C] a computer file that is sent together with an e-mail message. Dictionary examples: I'll e-mail my report to you *as an* attachment. I wasn't able to *open* that attachment.

backup

(noun) COPY.a copy of information that is held on a computer, which is stored separately from the computer Dictionary examples: Before we leave work each day, we *make* a b~ *of* all the records we have entered into the computer that day. The department's b~ *disks* are all stored in a different building.

enemy

(noun) COUNTRY/ARMY.[C usually no plural] a country, or the armed forces of a country, which is at war with another country Dictionary examples: enemy forces/territory The enemy had succeeded in stopping our supplies from getting through.

credit

(noun) COURSE.a unit that shows you have completed part of a college course. Dictionary example: I got three c~s for the course.

case

(noun) COURT OF LAW.[C] a matter to be decided by a judge in a court of law. Dictionary examples: The case will go before the European Court next month. She accused her employer of unlawful dismissal and *won/lost* her case.

jury

(noun) COURT.a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide whether a person is guilty or not guilty, or whether a claim has been proved. Dictionary examples: members of the jury The jury was/were unable to agree. Police officers aren't usually allowed to be/sit/serve on a jury.

judge

(noun) COURT.someone who controls a trial in court, decides how criminals should be punished, and makes decisions about legal matters. Dictionary example: The judge ruled that they had acted correctly.

case

(noun) CRIME.[C] a crime that police are trying to solve. Dictionary examples: a murder case Police in the town have investigated 50 cases of burglary in the past month. The detective on the case has been suspended from duty.

gang

(noun) CRIMINALS

disaster

(noun) DAMAGE.something that causes great harm or damage. Dictionary examples: An investigation was ordered into the recent train disaster. This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to hit the area. Everything was going smoothly until suddenly disaster struck.

distinction

(noun) DIFFERENCE.a difference between two similar things. Dictionary examples: the d~ *between* spoken and written language. There's a *clear* d~ *between* the dialects spoken in the two regions. This company makes no d~ *between* the sexes.

gap

(noun) DIFFERENCE.a difference between two things. Dictionary examples: an age g~. The g~ between rich and poor is still increasing.

contrast

(noun) DIFFERENCE.an obvious difference between two or more things. Dictionary examples: The contrast between their lifestyles couldn't be greater. The busy north coast of the island is in sharp contrast to the peaceful south.

conflict

(noun) DISAGREEMENT.serious disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles. Dictionary examples: There was a lot of conflict between the two parties. The Government was in conflict with the unions over pay. It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of conflicts within the party.

chart

(noun) DRAWING.[C] a drawing which shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts Dictionary example: a sales chart.

class

(noun) ECONOMIC GROUP.[C or U] a group of people within society who have the same economic and social position Dictionary examples: The tax reforms are aimed at providing relief for the middle class. upper-/middle-/lower- class people

impact

(noun) EFFECT.the effect that a person, event or situation has on someone or something. Dictionary examples: These charges will have a damaging impact on the governor's reputation. The environmental impact of this project will be enormous.

amusement

(noun) ENTERTAINMENT.an enjoyable way of spending your time Dictionary example: I play the piano, but just for my own a~.

dive

(noun) ENTRY INTO WATER.when you enter water headfirst with your arms held out above your head. Dictionary example: He entered the pool with a neat dive.

development

(noun) EVENT.[C] something new that happens and changes a situation. Dictionary examples: an important development in the fuel crisis Phone me if there are any new developments.

backup

(noun) EXTRA HELP.extra help, support or equipment which is available if you need it. Dictionary example: Medical staff are on call to *provide* b~ in case of an emergency.

context

(noun) FACTS.all the facts, opinions, etc. relating to a particular thing or event. Dictionary examples: This small battle is very important in the c~ of Scottish history. It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays in historical c~.

defeat

(noun) FAILING.[U or no plural] when someone or something is made to fail. Dictionary examples: The party suffered a stinging defeat in the last election. The company was not ready to admit defeat.

disaster

(noun) FAILURE.something that is a failure or has a negative result. Dictionary examples: His idea was a total disaster. Inviting James and Ivan to dinner on the same evening was a recipe for disaster - they always argue with each other.

guilt

(noun) FEELING

envy

(noun) FEELING OF WANTING.the feeling that you wish you had something that someone else has. Dictionary example: I watched *with* e~ as she set off for the airport.

horror

(noun) FEELING.a strong feeling of shock or fear Dictionary examples: She watched in horror as the car skidded across the road. The thought of speaking in front of so many people fills me with horror. I then realized to my absolute horror, that I had forgotten the present.

circle

(noun) GROUP.a group of people with family, work or social connections. Dictionary examples: She's not one of my close circle of friends. It's a technical term used in medical circles.

joy

(noun) HAPPINESS.[U] great happiness. Dictionary examples: They were filled with joy when their first child was born. She wept for joy when she was told that her husband was still alive.

good

(noun) HELP

input

(noun) IDEAS.ideas, money, effort, etc. that you put into a process or acitivity in order to help it succeed. Dictionary example: Input from students is used to develop new and exciting courses.

consideration

(noun) IMPORTANT FACT.something that you have to think about when you make decisions or plans. Dictionary examples: Safety is our main c~. Cost, of course, is another c~.

concern

(noun) IMPORTANT THING.something that is important to you, or when something is important. Dictionary example: Our primary concern is safety.

community

(noun) IN ONE AREA.the people living in one particular area. Dictionary examples: a rural/small community He's well-known in the local community. Drug trafficking is a matter of considerable concern for the entire international community.

appearance

(noun) IN PUBLIC.[C] when someone appears in public, on television, in a film, etc. Dictionary examples: It was his first appearance on television/television appearance as president. She made two appearances during her visit. She will be making a public appearance, signing copies of her latest novel.

inside

(noun) INNER PART.the inner part, space or side of something. Dictionary examples: Did you clean the inside of the car? The hotel looked shabby from the street, but it was fine on the inside.

character

(noun) INTERESTING QUALITIES.qualities that are interesting or unusual. Dictionary example: a hotel with character

hit

(noun) INTERNET.a request to see a document on the Internet that is then counted to calculate the number of people looking at the page. Dictionary example: There have been over 10,000 hits on the site since Wednesday.

connection

(noun) INVOLVEMENT.[C or U] when someone or something is involved with or related to someone or something else. Dictionary examples: The connection between smoking and heart disease is well known. He has denied having any connection with the terrorists. They're sisters, are they? I knew their surname was the same, but I never made the connection.

construction

(noun) LARGE BUILDING.[C] something that is built. Dictionary example: a large steel construction.

court

(noun) LAW.[C or U] the place where a judge decides whether someone is guilty of a crime Dictionary examples: He's due to appear in court again on Monday. Please describe to the court exactly what you saw. the Court of Appeals the European Court of Human Rights The lack of evidence means that the case is unlikely to go to *court*.

control

(noun) LAW.[C] a rule or law that limits something. Dictionary examples: gun/weapons control He wants the government to impose strict controls on dog ownership.

justice

(noun) LAW.the system of laws which judges and punishes people. Dictionary examples: The justice system in this country consists of a series of law courts at different levels. The police are doing all they can to bring those responsible for the bombing to justice. They are victims of a miscarriage of justice.

bar

(noun) LONG PIECE.a straight stick made of metal. Dictionary example: The gorilla rattled the b~s of its cage.

expression

(noun) LOOK.the look on someone's face, showing what they feel or think Dictionary examples: facial e~s. He had such a sad e~ *on* his face. I could tell from her e~ that something serious had happened.

disgrace

(noun) LOSS OF RESPECT.when someone does something very bad that makes people stop respecting them or their family, team, etc. Dictionary examples: They were sent home in d~. He brought d~ on the whole team.

crash

(noun) LOUD NOISE.a sudden, loud noise made when something falls or breaks. Dictionary example: I heard a c~ and hurried into the kitchen.

commitment

(noun) LOYALTY.[C or U] when you are willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something. Dictionary examples: She is known primarily for her commitment to human rights. I'd like to thank the staff for having shown such commitment.

fortune

(noun) LUCK.the good or bad things that happen to you. Dictionary examples: The family's f~s changed almost overnight. I had the *good* f~ to meet her.

issue

(noun) MAGAZINE.the newspaper, magazine, etc. that is produced on a particular day/week/month. Dictionary example: Have you seen the latest issue of Computer World?

demonstration

(noun) MARCH.[C] when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone. Dictionary examples: The students are holding a demonstration to protest against higher tuition. Protesters staged an anti-war demonstration.

dose

(noun) MEDICINE.a measured amount of something such as medicine. Dictionary examples: a *high/low* d~. a d~ *of* medication/vaccine/radiation.

drug

(noun) MEDICINE.any natural or artificially made chemical which is used as a medicine. Dictionary examples: anti-cancer/fertility/pain-killing drugs a prescription/over-the-counter drug He takes several drugs for his condition.

approach

(noun) METHOD.[C] a way of doing something. Dictionary examples: In Sweden they have a different a~h *to* the problem. I thought we'd *adopt/take* a new a~.

basis

(noun) METHOD.the way or method of doing something. Dictionary examples: Requests are decided on a case-by-case basis. She'll work with us on a temporary basis.

expense

(noun) MONEY SPENT.the money that you spend on something. Dictionary examples: Buying a bigger car has proved to be well worth the expense. We've just had a new garage built at great expense. It's silly to go to the expense of buying new clothes when you don't really need them. You have to pay/cover your own medical expenses.

investment

(noun) MONEY.[C or U] the money that you put in a bank, business, etc. in order to make a profit, or the act of doing this. Dictionary examples: Stocks are regarded as good long-term investments. The account requires a minimum investment of $1000.

fortune

(noun) MONEY.a lot of money. Dictionary examples: She *made* a f~ selling her story to the newspapers. He *lost* a f~ gambling. His clothes *cost* a f~.图

gum

(noun) MOUTH.the hard, pink part inside your mouth that your teeth grow out of. Dictionary example: Protect your teeth and gums by visiting your dentist regularly.图

fall

(noun) MOVEMENT.[C usually no plural] when someone or something falls down to the ground, often without intending to or by accident. Dictionary examples: He had a nasty fall and hurt his back. The boulder smashed several small trees during its fall.

beat

(noun) MUSIC.the main rhythm of a piece of music. Dictionary examples: The guitar comes in on the third beat. He tapped his foot to the beat of the music.

conservation

(noun) NATURE.the protection of nature. Dictionary examples: wildlife c~. c~ groups.

demand

(noun) NEED.[U] a need for something to be sold or supplied. Dictionary example: There was little demand for tickets.

item

(noun) NEWS.a piece of news on television or radio, or in a newspaper. Dictionary example: a small item on the back page of the local newspaper

comfort

(noun) NO PAIN.[U] a pleasant feeling of being relaxed and free from pain. Dictionary examples: She evidently dresses for comfort. It's a little too hot for comfort. Now you can watch the latest movies in the comfort of your own room.

failure

(noun) NO SUCCESS.[C or U] when someone or something does not succeed. Dictionary examples: Their attempt to climb Mount Everest ended in failure. I'm a failure at making cakes. I feel like such a failure.

animal

(noun) NOT A PLANT.anything that lives and moves, including people, birds, etc. Dictionary example: Are humans the only a~s to use language?

ease

(noun) NOT DIFFICULT.If you do something with ease, it is easy for you to do it. Dictionary examples: She won the 400m race with ease. I was amazed at the ease with which she learned the language.

hunger

(noun) NOT ENOUGH FOOD.[U] when you do not have enough food. Dictionary example: All over the world, people die of hunger every day.

confusion

(noun) NOT UNDERSTAND.[C or U] when people do not understand what is happening, what they should do or who someone or something is. Dictionary example: There seems to be some confusion about/over who is actually giving the talk.

inspector

(noun) OFFICER.a police officer of high rank.

inspector

(noun) OFFICIAL.someone whose job is to check that things are being done correctly Dictionary example: a health/safety inspector.

impression

(noun) OPINION.an idea, feeling or opinion about something or someone. Dictionary examples: I get the impression that he's rather shy. I was under the impression that you didn't like your job. What was your impression of the second candidate? I don't usually trust first impressions.

institution

(noun) ORGANIZATION.a large and important organization, such as a university or bank. Dictionary examples: a medical/educational/financial institution Oxford and Cambridge universities are internationally respected institutions.

episode

(noun) PART OF STORY.one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on television or radio. Dictionary example: I missed the first e~.

feature

(noun) PART.a typical quality, or an important part of something. Dictionary examples: The town's main f~s are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace. Our latest phone has several new f~es.

lane

(noun) PART.part of a road or track that is separated from the other parts, usually by a painted line. Dictionary examples: the left/right/middle lane the fast/express/slow lane a bike lane They're widening the highway to three lanes in each direction.

division(Word family: Nouns: divide, division Verbs: divide Adjectives: divided)

(noun) PART.when something is separated into parts or groups, or the way that it is separated. Dictionary example: the d~ of responsibilities among workers

costume

(noun) PARTY/FILM/PLAY.a set of clothes worn in order to look like someone else, especially for a party or a film or play. Dictionary examples: actors in c~. a clown c~. The children were dressed in Halloween c~s.

host

(noun) PERSON.someone who invites people to a meal or a party, or to stay in their home. Dictionary examples: We thanked our hosts for the lovely evening. She lived with a host family in Germany for a while.

background

(noun) PICTURE.[C or U] the things that can be seen behind the main things or people in a picture. Dictionary examples: gold stars *on* a black b~. The artist himself did not paint the b~s *to* his pictures - they were done by his pupils. He has photographed her *against* lots of different b~s.

image

(noun) PICTURE.[C] a picture, especially on film or television or in a mirror. Dictionary examples: a digital/satellite/video image The baby caught sight of her image in the mirror.

block

(noun) PIECE.a solid piece of hard material, usually in the shape of a square or rectangle. Dictionary example: a block of ice/stone/wood

distance

(noun) PLACE.[no plural] somewhere that is far away, but close enough for you to see or hear the things that are there. Dictionary examples: I could see Mary in the distance. From a distance, it sounded like a bell ringing.

institution

(noun) PLACE.a building where people are sent so they can be looked after, for example a prison or a hospital. Dictionary example: a young offenders' institution

force

(noun) POWER

influence

(noun) POWER

control

(noun) POWER.[C or U] when you make someone or something do what you want, or the power to do this. Dictionary examples: She doesn't have any control over that child. He lost control of the vehicle. The police are in control of the situation.

fate

(noun) POWER.[U] a power that some people believe decides what will happen. Dictionary examples: When we met again by chance in Cairo, I felt it must be fate. Fate has brought us together.

authority

(noun) POWER.[U] the power to make decisions or to control other people. Dictionary examples: The United Nations has *used* its a~ to restore peace in the area. We need to get the support of someone *in* a~. They *have the* a~ to examine the company's records. The problem is that teachers feel they no longer *have* a~ *over* their pupils.

evidence

(noun) PROOF.something that makes you believe that something is true or exists. Dictionary examples: evidence *of global warming There is no evidence *that* the theory is true. New evidence suggests/shows this argument is flawed. There is *scientific* evidence that the drug is addictive. *All* the evidence points to a substantial rise in traffic over the next few years. There is *growing/increasing* evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancer.

dash

(noun) PUNCTUATION. [C] a mark (-) that can be used to separate parts of a sentence.

function

(noun) PURPOSE

argument

(noun) REASON.a reason or reasons why you support or oppose an idea, action, etc. Dictionary examples: There are many arguments for and against nuclear energy. I don't think that's a very strong/powerful argument.

identification

(noun) RECOGNIZING.when you recognize and can name someone or something. Dictionary example: Identification of the victims of the plane crash still is not complete.

drop

(noun) REDUCTION.[no plural] a reduction in the amount or level of something. Dictionary examples: a drop in crime The recent drop in magazine subscriptions is causing some concern.

beat

(noun) REGULAR SOUND.a regular movement or sound, especially that made by your heart Dictionary examples: I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heart beat. My heart missed a beat when she said, "Yes, I'll marry you."

faith

(noun) RELIGION.[C] a particular religion. Dictionary examples: the Muslim/Christian/Jewish faith a multi-faith society

honor

(noun) RESPECT.when people respect you because you have what you believe is honest and right, or the quality of doing this. Dictionary examples: a man of honor We fought for the honor of our country.

job

(noun) RESPONSIBILITY.[no plural] something that is your responsibility. Dictionary examples: She believed her job as a politician was to represent the views of her party and the people who voted for her. I know it's not my job to tell you how to run your life, but I do think you've made a mistake.

bank

(noun) RIVER.sloping raised land, especially along the sides of a river. Dictionary examples: By the time we reached the opposite b~, the boat was sinking fast. These flowers generally grow on *river* b~s and near streams.

lane

(noun) ROAD.a narrow road in the countryside or in a town. Dictionary example: He drives so fast along those narrow country lanes.

cell

(noun) ROOM.a small room in a prison or police station where a prisoner is kept. Dictionary example: He was kept in a prison c~ for four months.

insult

(noun) RUDE REMARK.a rude and offensive remark or action. Dictionary example: They were shouting insults at each other.

law

(noun) RULE.[C or U] an official rule in a country Dictionary examples: There are laws against drinking in the street. The laws governing the possession of firearms are being reviewed. They led the fight to impose laws on smoking. They have passed a new law to ban fox hunting.

discipline

(noun) RULES.[U] when people's behavior is controlled using rules and punishments. Dictionary examples: military/school discipline There should be better discipline in schools.

depth(Word family: Nouns: depth Verbs: deepen Adjectives: deep Adverbs: deeply)

(noun) SERIOUSNESS. when you have serious qualities or the ability to think seriously about something. Dictionary examples: Terry lacks d~ - he's a very superficial person. Her writing shows astonishing d~. Jo has hidden d~s.

gender

(noun) SEX.(formal)the state of being male or female. Dictionary example: Does this test show the g~ of the baby?

diamond

(noun) SHAPE.[C] a shape with four straight sides of equal length, forming two opposite angles which are wide and two which are narrow. Dictionary example: Joe's socks had diamond patterns on them.

disk

(noun) SHAPE.a flat, round shape or object. Dictionary example: The dog had a small, metal disk attached to its collar.

deck

(noun) SHIP.the flat area of a ship or boat that is not covered. Dictionary example: We sat on d~ until it was dark.图

captain

(noun) SHIP/AIRCRAFT.the person in charge of a ship or an aircraft. Dictionary example: This is your c~ speaking. We expect to be landing at London Heathrow in an hour.

display

(noun) SHOW.[C] a performance or show for people to watch. Dictionary example: a fireworks display

expression

(noun) SHOWING THOUGHTS.when you show what you think or how you feel using words or actions. Dictionary examples: He wrote her a poem as an e~ of his love. We've received a lot of e~s of support for our campaign. Freedom of e~ is a basic human right. It's better to give e~ to your anger, rather than hiding it.

clue

(noun) SIGN.a sign or some information that helps you to solve a problem or answer a question. Dictionary examples: Police are searching the area for c~s to the murder. Police are still looking for c~s in their search for the missing girl. I'm never going to guess the answer if you don't give me a c~.

element

(noun) SIMPLE SUBSTANCE.a simple substance that cannot be reduced to smaller chemical parts, for example hydrogen. Dictionary example: Iron is one of the elements of the Earth's crust.

copy

(noun) SINGLE ONE.a single book, newspaper, etc. of which many have been produced. Dictionary example: Over a million copies of the book have been sold.

hair

(noun) SINGLE PIECE

background

(noun) SITUATION.[U or no plural] the situation that an event happens in, or things which have happened in the past which affect it. Dictionary examples: These decisions are being made *against a* b~ of high unemployment. Can you give me some b~ *on* the situation?

confusion

(noun) SITUATION.[U] a situation, often with a lot of activity and noise, in which people do not know what to do. Dictionary example: In the confusion after the bomb blast, I lost my bag.

extent

(noun) SIZE.the size or importance of something. Dictionary examples: They are just beginning to realize the *full e~ of* the damage. Her face was injured to *such an e~* that we didn't recognize her. Rosie's teacher was impressed by *the* e~ *of* her knowledge. The River Nile is over 6500 kilometers *in* e~.

cloud

(noun) SMOKE/DUST.[C] a mass of something such as dust or smoke that looks like a cloud. Dictionary example: A huge cloud of smoke from burning oil tanks stretched across the sky.

introduction

(noun) SOMETHING NEW.[U] when you make something exist, happen or be used for the first time. Dictionary examples: The introduction of new working practices has dramatically improved productivity. Within a few years of their introduction, CDs were outselling vinyl records.

heaven

(noun) SOMETHING NICE.(informal)something very nice that gives you great pleasure. Dictionary examples: I just lay in the sun for a week and did nothing - it was heaven. This cake is absolute heaven.

background

(noun) SOUND.[no plural] sounds that you can hear that are not the main sounds that you are listening to. Dictionary examples: b~ *music/noise*. If you listen carefully to this piece of music, you can hear a flute *in the* b~.

horn

(noun) SOUND.a piece of equipment used to make a loud sound as a warning or signal. Dictionary examples: a car/fog horn The taxi driver sounded/beeped his horn.

gap

(noun) SPACE.an empty space, hole or opening. Dictionary examples: She has a small g~ between her front teeth. We used weatherstripping to fill the g~ under the window.

god

(noun) SPIRIT

division

(noun) SPORTS.one of the groups of teams in a league. Dictionary example: the Eastern D~.

dawn

(noun) START OF DAY.the early morning when light first appears in the sky. Dictionary examples: We woke *at* d~. We left as d~ was *breaking*. We left at the *break of* d~.

debt

(noun) STATE OF OWING.[U] when you owe money to someone. Dictionary examples: They are in debt to the bank. He got into debt after he lost his job. The company is deep in debt.

diamond

(noun) STONE.[C or U] an extremely hard valuable stone which is used in jewelry, and in industry for cutting hard things. Dictionary examples: a diamond ring/necklace He had worked in the diamond mines of South Africa.

failure

(noun) STOP WORKING.[C or U] when something does not work, or stops working as well as it should. Dictionary examples: All street lights aren't working due to a *power* failure. He died of *heart/liver* failure.

end

(noun) STOP.[C usually no plural] when something stops happening. Dictionary example: They are calling for an end to the violence.

faith

(noun) STRONG BELIEF.[U] strong belief in a god or gods. Dictionary examples: Even in the bad times she never lost her faith. Her faith in God was shattered when her baby died. It's my faith that keeps me going.

ambition

(noun) STRONG FEELING.a strong feeling that you want to be successful or powerful Dictionary example: My sister always had more a~ than I did.

frame

(noun) STRUCTURE.the basic structure of a building, vehicle or piece of furniture that other parts are added onto Dictionary example: *a bicycle* f~.图

branch

(noun) SUBJECT.a part of a subject. Dictionary example: Immunology is a b~ of biological science.

gas

(noun) SUBSTANCE

earth

(noun) SUBSTANCE.[U] soil or ground. Dictionary example: The ploughed earth looked rich and dark.

hint

(noun) SUGGESTION.when you say something that suggests what you think or want, but not in a direct way. Dictionary examples: He's dropped several hints to the boss that he'll quit if he doesn't get a promotion. Did she give you any hints about where she was going? You can't take a hint, can you? Just go away and leave me alone!

hold

(noun) SUPPORT.[no plural] when you hold something or someone, or the way you do this. Dictionary example: Keep a tight hold on your tickets.

counter

(noun) SURFACE.a long flat narrow surface or table in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. at which people are served. Dictionary example: There was nobody at/behind the c~ when I went into the bank, and I had to wait to be served.

environment

(noun) SURROUNDINGS.[C] the conditions that you live or work in and the way that they influence how you feel or how effectively you can work. Dictionary examples: The office is quite bright and airy - it's a pleasant working environment. As a parent you try to create a stable home environment.

dive

(noun) SWIMMING UNDER WATER.when you spend some time swimming under water. Dictionary example: The center also offers night dives, which I highly recommend.

facility

(noun) SYSTEM.a part of a system or machine which makes it possible to do something. Dictionary example: an overdraft f~.

collection

(noun) TAKING AWAY.[U] when something is taken away from a place. Dictionary example: garbage collection.

crew

(noun) TEAM.a team of people with special skills who work together. Dictionary examples: an ambulance/lifeboat c~. a film/camera c~.

extension

(noun) TELEPHONE.a telephone that is connected to the main telephone in an office or other large building. Dictionary example: Call me on e~ 3104.

introduction

(noun) TEXT.[C] the opening text of a book, speech, article, etc. Dictionary examples: Read the introduction to the article and decide what it will be about. The book has an introduction by Antonia Byatt.

confusion

(noun) THOUGHT.[U] a feeling of not being able to think clearly. Dictionary example: He could see the confusion on Marion's face.

concentration

(noun) THOUGHT.the ability to think carefully about something you are doing and nothing else. Dictionary examples: The noise outside made c~ difficult. There was a look of *intense* c~ on her face. I find that yoga improves my *powers of* c~. I found it hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I *lost* c~.

gap

(noun) TIME.a period of time spent doing something different. Dictionary example: After a g~ of five years, Jennifer decided to go back to work full-time.

investment

(noun) TIME/EFFORT, ETC.[C] something that you do or have, in order to have more in the future. Dictionary examples: Going to college is an investment in the future. There's been a significant investment of time and energy in order to make the project a success.

citizen

(noun) TOWN/CITY.someone who lives in a particular town or city. Dictionary example: The citizens of Moscow woke up this morning to find they had a new government.

faith

(noun) TRUST.great trust or confidence in something or someone. Dictionary examples: She has no faith in modern medicine. You'll be fine - I have a lot of faith in you. After the trial, his family said they had lost all faith in the legal system.

costume

(noun) TYPICAL OF COUNTRY.the set of clothes typical of a particular country or period of history. Dictionary example: Japanese national c~.

depression

(noun) UNHAPPINESS.when you feel very unhappy, or a mental illness that makes you feel very unhappy and anxious for long periods. Dictionary example: If you suffer from depression, it's best to get professional help.

gear

(noun) VEHICLE PART.a set of parts in a motor vehicle or bicycle that control how fast the wheels turn. Dictionary example: a mountain bike with 21 g~s.

invasion

(noun) WAR.when an army enters a country by force in order to take control of it. Dictionary example: They were planning to mount an invasion of the north of the country.

gulf

(noun) WATER.an area of sea surrounded on three sides by land. Dictionary examples: the Gulf of Mexico/the Gulf Coast We traveled west along the gulf.图

bow

(noun) WEAPON.a piece of curved wood with a string attached to both ends, used for shooting arrows. Dictionary example: a bow and arrows

arrow

(noun) WEAPON.a weapon that is like a long, thin stick with a sharp point at one end and often feathers at the other, shot from a bow Dictionary example: Robin Hood asked to be buried where his a~ landed.

identity(Word family: Nouns: identification, identity Verbs: identify)

(noun) WHO SOMEONE IS.who someone is. Dictionary examples: to hide/protect your identity to prove/reveal your identity The witness was given a new identity for her protection. The newspaper photo apparently showed him in Rome but it was a case of mistaken identity.

independence

(noun) WITHOUT HELP.when someone looks after themselves and does not need money, help or permission from other people. Dictionary example: It's important that parents should allow their children some independence.

construction

(noun) WORDS.[C] The construction of a sentence or phrase is the way the words are arranged. Dictionary example: Pay attention to sentence construction and check word order.

concern

(noun) WORRY.when you feel worried or nervous about something, or something that makes you feel worried . Dictionary examples: Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing. There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food. The situation has been causing concern for some time now. My concern is that you're not getting enough work done. There's a matter of some concern that I have to discuss with you.

draft

(noun) WRITING.a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form. Dictionary examples: This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well. She asked me to check the first draft of her proposal.

debate

(noun)(a) discussion or argument about a subject in which many people take part. Dictionary examples: Education is the current focus of public debate. How we proceed from here is a matter for debate. Over the year we have had several debates about future policy.

bumper

(noun)a bar fixed along the front or the back of a vehicle to protect it in an accident. Dictionary example: a *front/rear* b~.

chemical

(noun)a basic substance that is used in chemistry or produced by chemistry. Dictionary examples: The government has pledged to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production. Each year, factories release millions of tons of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere.

edition

(noun)a book, newspaper, etc. that is one of several that are the same and were produced at the same time. Dictionary examples: a new edition the paperback/hardback edition of the dictionary The local/regional editions of the paper contain specific information for that area.

browser

(noun)a computer program that makes it possible for you to read information on the Internet. Dictionary example: a Web b~.

handout

(noun)a copy of a document that is given to all the people in a class or meeting. Dictionary example: On page two of your handout you will find a list of the books that I have referred to during the lecture.

bend

(noun)a curved part of something. Dictionary examples: There's a b~ in the pipe so you can't see from one end to the other. There's a sharp b~ in the road.

hook

(noun)a curved piece of metal or plastic used for hanging something on, or a similar object used for catching fish. Dictionary examples: a coat/picture hook a boat hook a fish hook

bruise

(noun)a dark area on your skin where you have been hurt. Dictionary examples: His arms and back were *covered in* b~s. She had a few *cuts and* b~s but nothing serious.

infection

(noun)a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus. Dictionary examples: a serious infection a throat infection Bandage the wound to reduce the risk of infection.

enthusiasm(Word family: Nouns: enthusiasm Adjectives: enthusiastic Adverbs: enthusiastically)

(noun)a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and an eagerness to be involved in it. Dictionary examples: One of the good things about teaching young children is their e~. After the accident he lost his e~ *for* the sport.

global warming

(noun)a gradual increase in world temperatures caused by polluting gases. Dictionary example: Very few people now deny that g~ warming is caused by humankind.

category

(noun)a group of people or things of the same type. Dictionary example: There are three c~es - standard, executive and deluxe.

choir

(noun)a group of people who sing together, often in a church or a school. Dictionary examples: He sings in the church c~. c~ practice.

clause

(noun)a group of words containing a subject and a verb, that is usually only part of a sentence. Dictionary examples: In the sentence "I can't cook very well but I can make a good omelette," both "I can't cook very well" and "I can make a good omelette" are main clauses. In the sentence "I'll get you some stamps if I go to town," "if I go to town" is a subordinate clause.

idiom

(noun)a group of words used together with a meaning that you cannot guess from the meanings of the separate words. Dictionary example: To "bite off more than you can chew" is an idiom that means to try to do something that is too difficult for you.

estimate

(noun)a guess of what the size, value, amount, cost, etc. of something might be. Dictionary examples: The number of people who applied for the course was 120 compared with an initial estimate of between 50 and 100. This is only a rough estimate.

helmet

(noun)a hard hat that protects your head. Dictionary examples: a crash helmet. a bicycle helmet.

chimney

(noun)a hollow structure that allows the smoke from a fire inside a building to escape to the air outside. Dictionary example: Factory c~s belched dense white smoke into the sky.

database

(noun)a large amount of information stored in a computer system in such a way that it can be easily looked at or changed. Dictionary example: We're linked to the online database at our head office.

corporation

(noun)a large company or group of companies that is controlled together as a single organization. Dictionary examples: a multinational corporation the Microsoft Corporation She didn't want to work for a big corporation where everything was so impersonal.

crocodile

(noun)a large reptile with a long mouth and sharp teeth, that lives in lakes and rivers. Dictionary example: a c~-infested swamp.

eagle

(noun)a large, strong bird with a curved beak that hunts smaller animals.图

deer

(noun)a large, wild animal that is sometimes hunted for food and has antlers (= long horns) if it is male. Dictionary example: a deer park

cello

(noun)a large, wooden musical instrument with four strings that you hold between your knees to play. Dictionary example: She plays the c~.

aluminum

(noun)a light, silver-colored metal used for making containers, cooking equipment and aircraft parts. Dictionary example: Cover the fish with a~ *foil* and bake.

beam

(noun)a line of light shining from something. Dictionary example: a laser b~.

curve

(noun)a line that bends around, like part of a circle. Dictionary examples: a curve in the road the curve of a graph

burglar

(noun)a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things. Dictionary example: I saw someone climbing in through a window and assumed it must be a b~.

bartender

(noun)a person who makes and serves drinks in a bar. Dictionary example: I asked the b~ to put ice in my drink.

badge

(noun)a piece of metal, plastic, etc., with words or a picture on it which you wear on your clothes. Dictionary example: Everyone at the conference wore a b~ with their name on.

classic

(noun)a piece of writing, a musical recording or a film which has been popular for a long time and is considered to be of a high quality. Dictionary examples: Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" is a classic of English literature. Many of the Rolling Stones' records have become rock classics.

grave

(noun)a place in the ground where a dead person is buried. Dictionary example: an unmarked grave.图

cemetery

(noun)a place where dead people are buried. Dictionary example: She went to the c~ where her grandfather was buried.

crossroads

(noun)a place where two roads cross each other. Dictionary example: Turn left at the c~.

debit card

(noun)a plastic card used to pay for things directly from your bank account. Dictionary example: I can use my d~ card in most of the local shops.图

carbon monoxide

(noun)a poisonous gas that is produced by burning some types of fuel, especially petrol. Dictionary example: The cause of death was given as c~ monoxide poisoning.

concept

(noun)a principle or idea. Dictionary examples: the concept of free speech I failed to grasp the film's central concept.

export

(noun)a product that you sell in another country or the business of selling products in another country. Dictionary examples: Coffee is one of Brazil's main exports. The export of ivory is now strictly controlled. India grows tea for export. We are planning to develop our export market.

copper

(noun)a reddish-brown metal used especially for making wire and coins, or the reddish brown colour of this metal. Dictionary examples: c~ *wire/pipes*. Rosie's hair shone like c~ in the sunlight.

ancestor

(noun)a relative who lived a long time ago Dictionary example: My a~s came from Ireland.

dilemma

(noun)a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do. Dictionary examples: The President is clearly *in a* d~ *about/over* how to tackle the crisis. She *faces* the d~ *of* disobeying her father or losing the man she loves. a *moral/ethical* d~.

fantasy

(noun)a situation or event that you imagine, which is not real or true. Dictionary examples: Steve's favorite f~ was to own a big house and expensive car. *sexual* f~ies. She retreated into a f~ *world*, where she could be anything she wanted.

crisis

(noun)a situation or time that is extremely dangerous or difficult. Dictionary examples: an economic/financial crisis The country's leadership is in crisis. We had a family crisis at the time.

flashlight

(noun)a small electric light that you hold in your hand. Dictionary example: He lit the way with his f~.图

committee

(noun)a small group of people chosen to represent a larger organization and either make decisions or collect information for it. Dictionary examples: She's on the school's development committee. The city council just set up a committee to study recycling.

fat

(noun)a solid or liquid substance that is taken from animals or plants and used in cooking. Dictionary examples: This product contains no *animal* fat. I only use *vegetable* fat for cooking.

attic

(noun)a space in a house just under the roof, often used for storing things. Dictionary example: There's a large room and additional storage space in the a~.

chaos

(noun)a state of total confusion with no order. Dictionary examples: Snow and ice have caused c~s on the roads. Ever since our secretary walked out, the office has been *in *a state of *total* c~s.

confirmation

(noun)a statement, often written, that an arrangement or meeting is certain. Dictionary examples: a letter of c~. We've only had five c~s for the conference so far. We will send you written c~ of our offer shortly.

anger

(noun)a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly, making you want to shout at them or hurt them. Dictionary examples: I think he feels a lot of anger *towards* his father who treated him very badly as a child. The people showed no surprise or anger *at* their treatment.

emotion(Word family: Nouns: emotion Adjectives: emotional Adverbs: emotionally)

(noun)a strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general. Dictionary examples: Like a lot of men, he finds it hard to *express/show* his e~s. My mother was overcome with e~ and burst into tears.

desire

(noun)a strong feeling that you want something. Dictionary examples: I really have no desire for wealth. There is a strong desire for peace. Teenagers often have a burning desire to look older. Several people have expressed a desire to see the report.

idiot

(noun)a stupid person or someone who is behaving in a stupid way. Dictionary examples: Some idiot left the faucet on in the bathroom and there's water everywhere. I felt like such an idiot.

earthquake

(noun)a sudden movement of the Earth's surface, often causing severe damage. Dictionary example: A powerful earthquake struck eastern Turkey last night.

cursor

(noun)a symbol on a computer screen which shows the place where you are working. Dictionary example: Put the c~ over the word you want to look up.

democracy

(noun)a system of government in which people elect their leaders, or a country with this system. Dictionary example: The early 1990s saw the spread of democracy in Eastern Europe.

ballet

(noun)a type of dancing where carefully organized movements tell a story or express an idea. Dictionary examples: a b~ *dancer*. Both children do b~.

breed

(noun)a type of dog, sheep, etc. Dictionary examples: This rare b~ of sheep is particularly good for wool. What's your favorite b~ of dog/dog breed?

brand

(noun)a type of product made by a particular company. Dictionary examples: a *best-selling/well-known* brand. The store sells name brand and designer clothes. This isn't my usual brand of deodorant.

characteristic

(noun)a typical or noticeable quality of someone or something. Dictionary examples: Unfortunately a big nose is a family characteristic. Sentimentality seems a characteristic of all the writers of that period. The male bird displays several characteristics which distinguish him from the female.

jewel

(noun)a valuable stone that is used to make jewelry or to decorate objects. Dictionary example: She was wearing a large gold necklace set with jewels.

landlady

(noun)a woman who you rent an apartment, house, room or land from. Dictionary example: Heather's landlady lowered her rent when she said she might move out.

insurance

(noun)an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc. Dictionary examples: life/health/car/travel insurance I'll need to take out extra car insurance for another driver. The insurance doesn't cover you for household items.

grant

(noun)an amount of money provided by a government or organization for a special purpose. Dictionary example: a student/research g~.

bank account

(noun)an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to. Dictionary examples: It would be a good idea to *open* a b~ account. I *deposited* the money *into* my b~ account this morning.

landing

(noun)an arrival on the ground of an aircraft or boat. Dictionary example: One person has died after the pilot of a light aircraft was forced to make a crash/emergency landing in a field.

bombing

(noun)an attack or several attacks using bombs. Dictionary example: The city came under heavy bombing.

incident

(noun)an event, usually one that is either unpleasant or unusual. Dictionary examples: an isolated/separate/serious incident. We drove through pouring rain for over an hour but arrived home without incident.

disability

(noun)an illness, injury or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do the things that other people do. Dictionary examples: a physical/learning disability Trying to change attitudes toward disability is a real struggle.

breakthrough

(noun)an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem. Dictionary examples: Scientists are hoping for a b~ in the search for a cure for cancer. A major b~ in negotiations has been achieved.

bond

(noun)an interest, experience, or feeling that makes people feel connected. Dictionary examples: the bond between the mother and baby There is a close/strong bond between the brothers. We formed a strong bond in this difficult period. A love of opera created a bond between them.

container

(noun)an object such as a box or a bottle that is used for holding something. Dictionary examples: an airtight container a plastic drinks container

electrician(Word family: Nouns: electrician, electricity Adjectives: electric, electrical)

(noun)someone whose job is to put in, check or repair electrical wires and equipment. Dictionary example: We have an e~ coming to put some new outlets in.

analyst

(noun)someone whose job is to study or examine something in detail. Dictionary example: a *financial/political/systems* a~.

cure

(noun)something that makes someone with an illness healthy again. Dictionary example: They are trying to find a cure for cancer.

boost

(noun)something that makes you feel more confident and happy, or that helps something increase or improve. Dictionary examples: Passing my driving test was such a boost to my confidence. The lowering of interest rates will give a much-needed boost to the economy.

contribution

(noun)something that you do or give to help produce or achieve something, or to help make something successful. Dictionary examples: This invention made a major contribution to road safety. She didn't make much of a contribution at today's meeting, did she? All contributions, no matter how small, will be much appreciated. a generous contribution to charity

eyesight

(noun)the ability to see. Dictionary example: My e~ is getting worse.图

creation

(noun)the act of creating something, or the thing that is created. Dictionary examples: the creation of a new political party Their policies are all toward the creation of wealth. This 25-foot-high sculpture is her latest creation. The fashion magazines were full of the latest Paris creations.

laughter

(noun)the act or sound of laughing. Dictionary examples: She roared with laughter. As we got nearer the hall we could hear laughter.

commerce

(noun)the activities involved in buying and selling things. Dictionary example: the world of c~ and industry.

father-in-law

(noun)the father of your husband or wife. Dictionary example: My father-in-law was a banker.

frustration(Word family: Nouns: frustration Adjectives: frustrated, frustrating)

(noun)the feeling of being annoyed because things are not happening in the way that you want, or in the way that they should. Dictionary example: I could sense his f~ at not being able to help.

first language

(noun)the language that someone learns to speak first. Dictionary example: Madeleine's f~ language is French, but she also speaks English fluently.

county

(noun)the largest political division of a state or country. Dictionary examples: County Antrim Westchester County A county usually consists of several cities and towns and the rural areas surrounding them. Rutland used to be the smallest county in England, but in 1974 it became part of Leicestershire. Texas is divided into 254 counties.

the last minute

(noun)the latest possible opportunity for doing something. Dictionary examples: They only told me at the last minute that they couldn't come. Why do you always leave everything till the last minute?

jaw

(noun)the lower part of your face which moves when you open your mouth. Dictionary examples: a broken jaw He has a strong/square jaw.

ambassador

(noun)the main official sent by a government of a country to represent it in another country Dictionary examples: Britain's a~ *in* Moscow has refused to comment. She's a former a~ *to* the United States.

brother-in-law

(noun)the man married to your sister or the brother of your husband or wife. Dictionary example: It's my b~-in-law's birthday today.

daylight

(noun)the natural light from the sun. Dictionary example: The colours look much better in d~.

hard drive

(noun)the part inside a computer that is not removed and that stores very large amounts of information. Dictionary example: A virus damaged my hard drive.

emphasis

(noun)the particular importance or attention that you give to something. Dictionary examples: There is a lot of emphasis on curing disease but too little emphasis on preventing it. Schools here place/put great emphasis on written work and grammar.

apostrophe

(noun)the punctuation mark ' which shows when a letter or a number has been left out, or is used before or after "s" to show possession Dictionary examples: I'm Ian. She was born in '65. Helen's laugh Charles' cooking a baby's hand babies' hands

friendliness(Word family: Nouns: friend, friendliness, friendship Adjectives: friendly, unfriendly)

(noun)the quality of being friendly. Dictionary example: It was the f~ of the people that struck me.

carelessness

(noun)the state of being careless. Dictionary example: It's the c~ with which he just throws stuff on the floor that annoys me.

collapse

(noun)the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc. Dictionary examples: A poor economy has caused the collapse of thousands of small businesses. Negotiations between the two countries are on the brink/verge of collapse. He suffered a mental collapse after ten years' teaching.

belongings

(noun)the things that a person owns, especially those which can be carried. Dictionary example: I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time.

journalism

(noun)the work of collecting, writing and publishing news stories and articles in newspapers and magazines or broadcasting them on the radio and television. Dictionary examples: broadcast/print/television journalism I have a degree in journalism.

denim

(noun)thick, strong, cotton cloth, often blue in colour, used especially for making jeans. Dictionary example: a d~ jacket and jeans.

extract

(noun)to remove or take out something. Dictionary examples: The oil which is extracted from olives is used mainly for cooking. The tooth was eventually extracted.

blame

(noun)when people say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad. Dictionary examples: The manager should take the blame for the team's defeat. They put the blame on faulty equipment.

determination

(noun)when someone continues trying to do something, although it is very difficult. Dictionary example: Andy Murray will need great determination and skill to win this match.

dissatisfaction(Word family: Nouns: dissatisfaction, satisfaction Verbs: satisfy Adjectives: dissatisfied, satisfactory, satisfied, unsatisfactory Adverbs: satisfactorily)

(noun)when someone is dissatisfied. Dictionary example: At the moment she's experiencing a lot of d~ with her job.

fluency

(noun)when someone is fluent in a language. Dictionary example: One of the requirements of the job is f~ in two or more African languages.

involvement

(noun)when someone or something is involved in an activity or event. Dictionary examples: The team's continued involvement in the competition is uncertain. He denies any involvement in the attack.

efficiency

(noun)when someone or something uses time and energy well, without wasting any. Dictionary examples: What is so impressive about their society is the efficiency of the public services. energy/fuel efficiency

encouragement

(noun)when someone talks or behaves in a way that gives you confidence to do something. Dictionary examples: Children need lots of encouragement from their parents. I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and family.

decline

(noun)when something becomes less in amount, importance, quality or strength. Dictionary examples: industrial decline Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline. a sharp decline in sales She seemed to be recovering and then she went into a decline.

expansion

(noun)when something increases in size or amount. Dictionary example: These years saw the rapid e~ *of* the software industry.

destruction

(noun)when something is destroyed. Dictionary examples: Many people are very concerned about the d~ *of* the rainforests. Unusually high winds left a *trail of* d~ over southern Britain. weapons of *mass* d~.

existence

(noun)when something or someone exists. Dictionary examples: Many people question the existence *of* God. According to modern cosmology, the Universe *came into* existence about fifteen billion years ago. The theater company that they started is still *in* existence today.

availability(Word family: Nouns: availability Adjectives: available, unavailable)

(noun)when something or someone is available. Dictionary example: I checked the a~ of flights online and there's plenty of choice.

arrest

(noun)when the police take someone away to ask them about a crime which they might have committed. Dictionary examples: Police *made* twenty a~s at yesterday's demonstration. She was stopped outside the store and placed *under* a~.

comparison

(noun)when two or more people or things are compared. Dictionary examples: They *made a* c~ of different countries' eating habits. *By/In* c~ *with* the French, the British eat far less fish. I always drink fresh coffee, not instant. There's *no* c~.

confession

(noun)when you admit that you have done something wrong or illegal. Dictionary examples: He *made* a full c~ to the police. I *have a* c~ to make - I've lost that book you lent me.

compromise

(noun)when you agree to something which is not exactly what you want. Dictionary examples: It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today's talks. You've both got to be willing to make compromises. In a compromise between management and unions, a 4% pay increase was agreed to in return for an increase in productivity.

embarrassment(Word family: Nouns: embarrassment Verbs: embarrass Adjectives: embarrassed, embarrassing)

(noun)when you feel embarrassed, or something or someone that makes you feel embarrassed. Dictionary examples: She blushed with e~. My parents were such an e~ to me.

assessment

(noun)when you make a judgement about the quality, size or value, etc. of something. Dictionary example: That's a fair a~ of the situation.

attempt

(noun)when you try to do something. Dictionary examples: This is my second a~ *at* the exam. They closed the road *in an* a~ *to* reduce traffic in the city. He *made no* a~ to be sociable.

appreciation

(noun)when you understand how good or how difficult something is Dictionary examples: To show our a~ *for* all your help, we bought you a little gift. The crowd cheered *in* a~. My a~ *of* art has increased as I've gotten older.

calculation

(noun)when you use mathematics to discover an amount or number. Dictionary example: I did some quick calculations to see if we could afford it.

cooperation

(noun)when you work together with someone or do what they ask you. Dictionary examples: This documentary was made with the cooperation of the transportation authority. There's very little cooperation between the two countries. We thank you in advance for your cooperation. They work in cooperation with other health care professionals.

daughter-in-law

(noun)your son's wife Dictionary example: I get on well with my d~-in-law.

in

(preposition)RESULT.used when referring to something that is done as a result of something else. Dictionary examples: I'd like to do something for you in return/exchange for everything you've done for me. The changes are in response to demand from our customers. He refused to say anything in reply to the journalists' questions.

for

(preposition)SUPPORT

beneath

(preposition)UNDER.under something, or in a lower position than something. Dictionary examples: Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers. After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more.

himself

(pronoun) EMPHASIS.used to emphasize the pronoun "he" or the particular male person you are referring to. Dictionary example: Do you want to talk to my brother himself, or can I help you?

it

(pronoun) SEEM.used as the subject of verbs such as 'seem', 'appear' and 'look'. Dictionary example: It seemed unfair to leave her at home.

fine

(verb)

fool

(verb)

forbid

(verb)

free

(verb)

frighten

(verb)

govern

(verb)

harm

(verb)

face

(verb) ACCEPT.[T] to accept that something unpleasant is true and start to deal with the situation. Dictionary examples: I think Phil has to face the fact that she no longer loves him. We have to face facts here - we simply don't have enough money. He's dying but he refuses to face the truth.

charge

(verb) ACCUSE.[T often passive] If the police charge someone, they accuse them officially of a crime. Dictionary example: She's been charged with murder.

cast

(verb) ACTORS.to choose an actor for a particular part in a movie or play. Dictionary example: Why is he always c~ as a criminal?

apply

(verb) AFFECT.[I] to relate to a particular person or situation. Dictionary examples: The same rules apply *to* everybody. Those were old regulations - they don't apply any more.

hit

(verb) AFFECT.[often passive] to affect something badly. Dictionary example: The economy has been hit by high unemployment.

compromise

(verb) AGREE.[I] to agree to something that is not exactly what you want. Dictionary examples: In a relationship, both people have to compromise. I'm not going to compromise on quality.

keep

(verb) ANIMALS.[T] to have and look after animals. Dictionary example: Our neighbours keep chickens.

emerge

(verb) APPEAR.to appear from somewhere or come out from somewhere. Dictionary example: She emerged from the sea, blue with cold.

cover

(verb) AREA.to be a particular size or area. Dictionary example: The town covers an area of 5 square miles.

flood

(verb) ARRIVE OR FILL

appeal

(verb) ATTRACT.to attract or interest someone. Dictionary examples: Cycling has never really a~ed to me. It's a program designed to a~ mainly to 16 to 25 year-olds.

escape

(verb) AVOID.[I or T] to avoid a dangerous or unpleasant situation. Dictionary examples: She was lucky to escape serious injury. We only just escaped defeat in the second round of the tournament.

count

(verb) BE IMPORTANT.[I] to be important. Dictionary examples: I've always believed that happiness counts more than money. My opinion doesn't count for anything around here.

compose

(verb) BE MADE OF.often passive] to be the parts that something consists of. Dictionary example: The committee was c~ed *of* elected leaders and citizens.

fear

(verb) BE WORRIED. to be worried or frightened that something bad might happen or might have happened. Dictionary examples: Police fear (that) the couple may have drowned. It is feared (that) as many as two hundred passengers may have died in the crash.

appear

(verb) BECOME AVAILABLE.to start to exist or become available. Dictionary examples: Laptop computers first a~ed in the 1980s. The story a~ed in all the major newspapers.

dip

(verb) BECOME LOWER. [I] to become lower in level or amount. Dictionary example: The number of students taking classes in the sciences has dipped sharply.

launch

(verb) BEGIN.to start an important plan or activity, or begin something. Dictionary examples: The program was launched a year ago. He launched into a verbal attack on her handling of the finances.

defeat

(verb) CAUSE TO FAIL.to cause someone or something to fail. Dictionary examples: The proposal to change the rules was narrowly defeated by 201 votes to 196. I'm afraid anything that involves language learning has always defeated me.

convert

(verb) CHANGE.to change the appearance, form, or purpose of something. Dictionary examples: Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom? What's the formula for converting pounds into kilos?

copy

(verb) CHEAT.[I or T] to cheat by looking at and using someone else's work . Dictionary example: He was always copying from/off other children, but never got caught.

approach

(verb) COME CLOSE.[I or T] to come close in distance or time. Dictionary examples: The train was a~ing the station. Christmas is fast a~ing.

gather

(verb) COME TOGETHER

hold

(verb) COMPETITION.to have a particular position in a competition. Dictionary examples: to hold the world record The team held the lead until the 89th minute.

crash

(verb) COMPUTER.If a computer or computer system crashes, it suddenly stops working. Dictionary example: My computer keeps c~.

browse

(verb) COMPUTING

fly

(verb) CONTROL AIRCRAFT

burn

(verb) COPY.[T] to copy music, information or images onto a CD. Dictionary example: He's burned all his favorite music onto a CD.

generate

(verb) CREATE

claim

(verb) DEMAND.[I or T] to ask for something because it belongs to you or you think you have the right to have it. Dictionary examples: She claimed $1,200 on her expense account. Don't forget to claim your traveling expenses after the interview. The number of people claiming unemployment benefits has risen sharply this month.

call

(verb) DESCRIBE.[T] to describe someone or something in a particular way. Dictionary examples: Are you calling me a liar? He called it a disgrace.

capture

(verb) DESCRIBE.to show or describe something successfully using words or pictures. Dictionary example: His book really captures the spirit of the place.

drown

(verb) DIE.to die because you are under water and cannot breathe, or to kill someone in this way. Dictionary example: Two people drowned in a boating accident yesterday.

commit

(verb) DO.to do something that is considered wrong, or that is illegal. Dictionary examples: He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit. to commit suicide to commit a crime/an offense/murder

consume

(verb) EAT OR DRINK.(formal) to eat or drink something. Dictionary example: People generally c~ far too much sugar.

chew

(verb) EAT.to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it can be swallowed. Dictionary examples: This meat is difficult to c~. You don't ch~ your food enough - that's why you get indigestion.

charge

(verb) ELECTRICITY.[I or T] to put electricity into something. Dictionary example: I need to charge my cell phone - the battery is low.

hire

(verb) EMPLOY.[often passive] to begin to to employ someone. Dictionary examples: I was hired by the first company I applied to. We ought to hire a public relations consultant to help improve our image.

inspire

(verb) ENCOURAGE.to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it. Dictionary example: A drama teacher at school had inspired Sam to become an actor.

break

(verb) END.[I or T] to come to an end or make something come to an end Dictionary examples: Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence. Bad habits are hard to break.

balance

(verb) EQUAL IMPORTANCE.[T] to give several things equal amounts of importance, time or money so that a situation is successful. Dictionary example: I struggle to b~ work and family commitments.

excuse

(verb) EXPLAIN.to be given as a reason for someone's bad behavior, so that it does not seem so bad. Dictionary example: Nothing can excuse that sort of behavior.

decline

(verb) GET LESS.[I] to gradually become less or worse. Dictionary examples: His interest in the project declined after his wife died. The party's popularity has declined in the opinion polls.

haunt

(verb) GHOST.If a ghost haunts a place, it appears there often. Dictionary example: They say that the house is haunted by the soldier's ghost. Cambridge Learner Corpus Learner example:

educate

(verb) GIVE INFORMATION.to give people information about something so that they understand it better. Dictionary example: The government said it is trying to do more to educate the public about the consequences of drug abuse.

donate

(verb) GIVE MONEY.to give money or goods to help a person or organization. Dictionary examples: An anonymous businesswoman donated one million dollars to the charity. Please donate generously.

distribute

(verb) GIVE OUT.to give something out to several people. Dictionary examples: The books will be distributed free to local schools. Several people were arrested for distributing racist leaflets to the spectators.

argue

(verb) GIVE REASONS.[I or T] to give reasons to support or oppose an idea, action, etc. Dictionary examples: Several people a~ed *in favor of* creating bike lanes on the avenue. She a~ed *against* tax cuts. The mayor a~ed *that* cuts in all departments are needed to balance the budget.

contribute

(verb) GIVE.to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people. Dictionary examples: Her family contributed $50,000 to the fund. You should come to the meeting if you feel you have something you want to contribute.

justify

(verb) GIVE/BE REASON.to give or to be a good reason for. Dictionary examples: I can't really justify taking another day off work. Are you sure that these measures are justified?

approve

(verb) GOOD OPINION.[I] to think that something is good or right. Dictionary examples: She doesn't a~ *of* my friends. He doesn't a~ *of* smoking. The head of the department seems to a~ of what I am doing.

imagine

(verb) GUESS.to guess that something is probably true or real. Dictionary examples: I imagine they charge extra for dessert. I don't imagine (that) they can visits for more than a day or two. "Will they change it?" "I imagine so."

crawl

(verb) HANDS AND KNEES.to move on your hands and knees. Dictionary examples: The child c~ed across the floor. The injured soldier c~ed to safety.

come

(verb) HAPPEN.to happen. Dictionary examples: Spring has come early. The worst problems are still/yet to come. The announcement came at a bad time.

belong

(verb) HAPPY SOMEWHERE.to feel happy or comfortable in a situation. Dictionary example: I spent two years in Boston but I never felt that I belonged there.

dominate

(verb) HAVE CONTROL.to have control over a place or a person. Dictionary examples: He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting. They work as a group - no one person is allowed to dominate.

cure

(verb) HEALTHY.to make someone with an illness healthy again. Dictionary example: At the time, they couldn't cure the disease.

cooperate

(verb) HELP.to help someone or do what they ask. Dictionary example: I find it very hard to dress my two-year-old when she refuses to cooperate.

bury

(verb) HIDE.to put something into a hole in the ground and cover it. Dictionary examples: The dog trotted off to b~ its bone. b~ied treasure.

beat

(verb) HIT.[T] to hit a person or animal repeatedly. Dictionary examples: They saw him beating his dog with a stick. She was beaten to death.

grip

(verb) HOLD.to hold something very tightly. Dictionary example: The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand.

bump

(verb) HURT.[T] to hurt part of your body by hitting it against something hard. Dictionary example: I bumped my head on the shelf as I stood up.

develop

(verb) ILLNESS.[I or T] If you develop an illness or problem, or if it develops, you start to suffer from it. Dictionary examples: The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer. She's developed some very strange habits lately.

disturb

(verb) INTERRUPT.to interrupt what someone is doing by making noise or annoying them. Dictionary examples: Please don't disturb Georgina - she's trying to do her homework. I'm sorry to disturb you so late, but my car's broken down and I was wondering if I could use your phone.

concern

(verb) INVOLVE.to be important to someone or to involve someone directly. Dictionary examples: Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all. There are one or two other matters that don't concern you.

amuse

(verb) KEEP INTERESTED.to keep someone interested and help them to have an enjoyable time. Dictionary example: I bought a book of crosswords to a~ myself while I was on the train.

hang

(verb) KILL.(hanged or hung, hanged or hung) to kill someone by dropping them with a rope tied around their neck, or to die in this way. Dictionary examples: He was found guilty and hanged later that year. The woman tried to hang herself with a sheet. Cambridge Learner Corpus Learner example:

interpret

(verb) LANGUAGE.to change what someone has said into a different language. Dictionary example: We had to ask the guide to interpret for us.

control

(verb) LIMIT.to limit the number, amount or increase of something. Dictionary examples: Fire fighters struggled to control the blaze. No attempt was made to control the spread of the disease.

browse

(verb) LOOK

examine

(verb) LOOK AT.to look at or consider a person or thing carefully and in detail in order to discover something about them. Dictionary examples: She picked up the knife and examined it closely. He was examined by a doctor as soon as he arrived. Experts are examining the wreckage for clues about the cause of the explosion.

explore

(verb) LOOK INTO.[T] to find out more about something, often something that you might do in the future. Dictionary example: We're exploring the possibility of buying a vacation home.

generate

(verb) MAKE ENERGY

amuse

(verb) MAKE LAUGH.to make someone laugh or smile. Dictionary examples: The video clips on that website always a~ me. I think *it* a~s him *to* see people make fools of themselves.

discourage

(verb) MAKE LESS CONFIDENT.to make someone less confident or enthusiastic about something. Dictionary example: The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her.

expose

(verb) MAKE PUBLIC.to make public something bad or dishonest Dictionary examples: The review e~ed widespread corruption in the police force. The newspaper story e~ed him as a liar.

calculate

(verb) MATH.to discover an amount or number using mathematics. Dictionary examples: Have you calculated the cost of the project? He's calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car. At some stage we need to calculate when the project will be finished.

invest

(verb) MONEY.to give money to a bank, business, etc., or buy something, because you hope to get a profit. Dictionary examples: The institute will invest 5 million in the project. He's not certain whether to invest in the real estate market.

climb

(verb) MOVE HIGHER. [I] to go up, or to go toward the top of something. Dictionary examples: The plane climbed quickly to a height of 30,000 feet. As it leaves the village, the road climbs steeply up the mountain. The sun climbed higher in the sky.

conduct

(verb) MUSIC.[I or T] to stand in front of a group of musicians and control their performance. Dictionary example: The orchestra was conducted by Charles Miller.

demand

(verb) NEED.to need something such as time or effort. Dictionary example: This job demands a high level of concentration.

launch

(verb) NEW PRODUCT.If a company launches a product or service, it makes it available for the first time. Dictionary examples: We're planning to launch a new Internet company next month. The airline will launch its new transatlantic service next month.

lack

(verb) NOT HAVE.to not have or not have enough of something that is needed or wanted. Dictionary examples: He just lacks a little confidence. What we lack in this house is space to store things. We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.

freeze(Word family: Nouns: freezer Verbs: freeze Adjectives: freezing, frozen)

(verb) NOT MOVE.to suddenly stop moving, especially because you are frightened. Dictionary example: She saw someone outside the window and f~.

fail

(verb) NOT SUCCEED.[I] to not be successful. Dictionary examples: She moved to London in the hope of finding work as a model, but failed. He failed in his attempt to break the record. This method of growing tomatoes never fails.

confuse

(verb) NOT THINK CLEARLY.to make someone unable to think clearly, or to make something difficult to understand. Dictionary examples: You're confusing him! Tell him slowly and one thing at a time. Stop confusing the issue!

deny

(verb) NOT TRUE.to say that something is not true. Dictionary examples: Neil denies that he broke the window, but I'm sure he did. Neil denies breaking the window.

invent

(verb) NOT TRUE.to think of a story or explanation in order to deceive someone. Dictionary example: But I didn't invent the story - everything I told you is true.

highlight

(verb) NOTICE.to make something a different color so that is is more easily noticed, especially written words. Dictionary example: The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in yellow.

collapse

(verb) OBJECT.to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support. Dictionary examples: Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. The chair collapsed under her weight.

conduct

(verb) ORGANIZE.[T] to organize and perform a particular activity. Dictionary examples: We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York.

illustrate

(verb) PICTURE.to add pictures to something such as a book or magazine. Dictionary examples: She writes children's books and also illustrates them. The book is beautifully illustrated by the author.

divide

(verb) PLACE.[T] to separate a place into two areas. Dictionary example: There's a narrow alley which divides our house from the one next door.

boast

(verb) PRIDE.[I or T] to talk with too much pride about what you have done or what you own. Dictionary examples: He didn't talk about his exam score because other people might think he was boasting. Parents enjoy boasting about their children's achievements. They boasted that they had never lost a single game.

face

(verb) PROBLEM.[T] If you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal with it. Dictionary examples: This is one of the many problems faced by working mothers. Passengers could face long delays. You're faced with a very difficult choice there.

inspire

(verb) PROVIDE IDEA.to give someone an idea for a book, play, painting, etc. Dictionary example: This television drama was inspired by a true story.

drag

(verb) PULL.[T] to pull someone or something along the ground, usually with difficulty. Dictionary examples: Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you! She dragged the canoe down to the water.

cut

(verb) REDUCE.[T] to reduce the size or amount of something. Dictionary examples: cut prices/costs The company is cutting 300 jobs.

decline

(verb) REFUSE.[I or T] to refuse politely. Dictionary examples: I invited him to the meeting but he declined. He declined my offer.

deny

(verb) REFUSE.to not allow someone to have or do something. Dictionary examples: Her request for time off work was denied. No one should be denied a good education. I was denied the opportunity of learning French in school.

belong

(verb) RIGHT PLACE.If something belongs somewhere, that is the place it should be in. Dictionary examples: This table belongs in the living room. These papers belong with the others.

control

(verb) RULE.to rule or govern an area. Dictionary example: The whole area is controlled by rebel forces.

chase

(verb) RUN AFTER.[I or T] to run after someone or something in order to catch them. Dictionary examples: The dog was chasing a rabbit. She was chasing after her two-year-old son.

claim

(verb) SAY.[T] to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it. Dictionary examples: The company claims (that) it is not responsible for pollution of the river. He claims to have met the President, but I don't believe him. An unknown terrorist group has claimed responsibility for this morning's bomb attack. All parties have claimed success in yesterday's elections.

enclose

(verb) SEND.to send something in the same envelope or parcel as something else. Dictionary example: I enclose a map of the area.

fire

(verb) SHOOT

introduce

(verb) SOMETHING NEW.to make something exist, happen or be used for the first time. Dictionary examples: Ice skating, as an Olympic competition, was introduced in 1908. We have introduced a new training schedule for employees.

go

(verb) SOUND/MOVEMENT

found

(verb) START

drop

(verb) STOP ACTIVITY.[T] to stop doing or planning something, especially an activity. Dictionary examples: I'm going to drop yoga and do aerobics instead. Can you drop what you're doing and help me with this report?

disappear

(verb) STOP EXISTING.to no longer exist. Dictionary examples: These flowers are disappearing *from* our countryside. This is a way of life that is fast disappearing.

interrupt

(verb) STOP HAPPENING.[T] to stop something from happening for a short period. Dictionary example: We had to interrupt our trip when we heard John's mother was sick.

close

(verb) STOP OPERATING.[I or T] If a business or organization closes, or if someone or something closes it, it stops operating. Dictionary examples: The factory closed over ten years ago. A lot of restaurants/stores are closing because they can't afford the rent.

fail

(verb) STOP WORKING.[I] to stop working normally, or to become weaker. Dictionary example: Two of the plane's engines had failed.

beg

(verb) STRONG REQUEST.to make a very strong and urgent request. Dictionary examples: They b~ed for mercy. "Please, please forgive me!" she b~ed (him). He b~ed her to stay.

compete

(verb) SUCCESS.to try to be more successful than someone or something else. Dictionary examples: It's difficult for a small grocery store to compete against/with the big supermarkets. The girls compete for their father's attention.

grab

(verb) TAKE QUICKLY

educate

(verb) TEACH.[often passive] to teach someone in a school, college or university. Dictionary examples: She was educated at Crown Woods preparatory school. How much does it cost to educate a child privately?

confuse

(verb) THINK ONE IS ANOTHER.to think that one person or thing is another person or thing. Dictionary examples: I think you're confusing me with my sister - we look quite similar. It's easy to confuse his films, because he tends to use the same actors.

interfere

(verb) TRY TO CONTROL.to try to control or become involved in a situation, in a way that is annoying. Dictionary examples: I know he's worried about us, but I wish he wouldn't interfere. You shouldn't interfere in other people's business.

experiment

(verb) TRY.to try something in order to discover what it is like. Dictionary example: Did he ever experiment with drugs?

get

(verb) UNDERSTAND/HEAR

exploit

(verb) USE UNFAIRLY.to treat someone unfairly for your own advantage. Dictionary example: Laws exist to prevent companies from e~ing their employees.

exploit

(verb) USE WELL.to use or develop something to your advantage. Dictionary example: We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.

beg

(verb) VERY POOR.to ask someone for food or money, because you do not have any. Dictionary examples: There are more and more homeless people b~ing on the streets these days. She had to b~ for money and food for her children.

invade

(verb) WAR.to enter a country by force in order to take control of it. Dictionary example: Concentrations of troops near the border look set to invade within the next few days.

guard

(verb) WATCH.to watch someone and make certain they do not escape from a place. Dictionary example: Five prison officers guarded the prisoners.

cooperate

(verb) WORK TOGETHER.to work together with someone in order to achieve the same aim Dictionary examples: The Spanish authorities cooperated with the British police in finding the terrorists. Several companies are cooperating in the relief effort.

flow

(verb)If something such as a liquid flows, it moves somewhere in a smooth, continuous way. Dictionary examples: The river f~s from the Andes into the Pacific Ocean. With fewer cars on the roads, traffic is f~ing more smoothly than usual.

bang

(verb)[I or T] to make a sudden loud noise or to cause something to do this. Dictionary examples: She b~ed her fist angrily on the table. Outside a door was b~ing in the wind. He could hear someone b~ing *at* the door.

confess

(verb)to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about. Dictionary examples: She c~ed *to* her husband that she had sold her wedding ring. He has c~ed *to* the murder. He c~ed *to* sleeping through most of the film. *I have to* c~, I was a little confused at first. I found it all very c~ing, *I must* confess.

influence

(verb)to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves or thinks. Dictionary examples: Were you influenced by anybody at the beginning of your career? What influenced you to choose a career in nursing?

decay

(verb)to become gradually damaged or to cause something to become gradually damaged. Dictionary examples: Sugar makes your teeth d~. Pollution has d~ed the surface of the stonework on the front of the cathedral.图

fade

(verb)to become less bright, strong or clear, or to make something become less bright, strong or clear Dictionary examples: If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade. My suntan is already fading. They arrived home just as the light was fading. The music began to fade. The sun had faded the blue walls.

cool

(verb)to become less hot, or to make something become less hot. Dictionary example: Allow the bread to cool before slicing it.

combine

(verb)to become mixed or joined, or to mix or join things together. Dictionary examples: My wages combined with your savings should just about pay for it. The band combines jazz rhythms and romantic lyrics.

impress

(verb)to cause someone to admire or respect you. Dictionary example: She impressed us with her sincerity.

alter

(verb)to change, or to make someone or something change. Dictionary examples: We've had to a~ some of our plans. Giving up our car has a~ed our lifestyle a lot.

elect

(verb)to choose someone for a particular job or position by voting. Dictionary examples: He was elected president in 1997. She was elected to the US Senate in 2004. We elected him as our representative.

highlight

(verb)to emphasize something or make people notice something. Dictionary examples: to highlight a problem/danger The report highlights the need for stricter regulations.

disapprove

(verb)to feel that something or someone is bad or wrong. Dictionary examples: The survey showed that 32% of respondents approve, 54% d~ and the rest are undecided. I *strongly* d~ *of* under-age drinking.

assist

(verb)to help. Dictionary examples: The army arrived to a~ *in* the search. You will be expected to a~ the editor *with* the selection of illustrations for the book.

feature

(verb)to include someone or something as an important part. Dictionary examples: The film f~s James Dean as a disaffected teenager. This week's broadcast f~s a report on victims of domestic violence.

expand

(verb)to increase in size or amount, or to make something increase in this way. Dictionary examples: The air in the balloon e~s when heated. They e~ed their retail operations during the 1980s.

disrupt(Word family: Nouns: disruption Verbs: disrupt Adjectives: disruptive)

(verb)to interrupt something and stop it continuing as it should. Dictionary examples: A heavy fall of snow had d~ed the city's transport system. The meeting was d~ed by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker.

breed

(verb)to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals. Dictionary example: His main income comes from b~ing cattle.

comment

(verb)to make a comment. Dictionary examples: My mom always comments on what I'm wearing. He commented that the two essays were very similar. The official refused to comment on the matter.

assess

(verb)to make a judgement about the quality, size or value, etc. of something. Dictionary examples: Examinations are a way of a~ing a student's ability. They a~ed the cost of the flood damage *at* £1500. We need to a~ *whether* the project is worth doing.

brake

(verb)to make a vehicle stop or move more slowly. Dictionary example: I tried to brake but it was too late.

implement

(verb)to make an idea, system, law, plan, etc., start to happen or operate. Dictionary example: The bill that would implement tax reforms was not passed.

enable(Word family: Nouns: ability, disability, inability Verbs: enable Adjectives: able, disabled, unable)

(verb)to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible. Dictionary example: Computerization should e~ us *to* cut production costs by half.

ignore

(verb)to pay no attention to something or someone. Dictionary examples: I smiled at her but she just ignored me. They ignored our warnings. The mayor ignored the hecklers and went on with her speech.

guarantee

(verb)to promise or make sure that something is true or will happen. Dictionary examples: Every child is guaranteed a place at a public school. They guarantee that it will arrive on time.

equip

(verb)to provide someone or something with what is needed for a particular purpose. Dictionary examples: They're raising money to equip the hospital. The new trains are equipped with all the latest technology.

clear

(verb)to remove all the objects or people from a place. Dictionary examples: It took several hours to clear the road after the accident. I'll make the coffee if you'll clear the table. I cleared the snow off the path. Could you clear your things from the couch?

insult

(verb)to say or do something to someone that is rude and offensive. Dictionary example: How dare you insult me in front of my friends!

criticize (Word family: Nouns: critic, criticism Verbs: criticize Adjectives: critical Adverbs: critically)

(verb)to say that someone or something is bad. Dictionary examples: The government is being widely c~ed in the press for failing to limit air pollution. The film was c~ed for being too violent.

express

(verb)to show what you think or how you feel using words or actions. Dictionary examples: I'm simply expressing my opinion. I would like to express my thanks for your kindness. I'm sorry, I'm not expressing myself very clearly. Words can't express how happy I am.

graduate(Word family: Nouns: graduate, graduation Verbs: graduate)

(verb)to successfully complete studies at a school, or to complete a degree at a college or university. Dictionary examples: After he g~ed high school, he joined the army. Tyler g~ed from Oberlin with high honors in musicology. Casey is g~ing with an honors degree in philosophy.

faint

(verb)to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down. Dictionary examples: He f~s at the sight of blood. I nearly f~ed in the heat.

endure(Word family: Nouns: endurance Verbs: endure)

(verb)to suffer something difficult, unpleasant or painful. Dictionary examples: We had to e~ a nine-hour delay at the airport. She's already had to e~ three painful operations on her leg.

deprive(Word family: Nouns: deprivation Verbs: deprive Adjectives: deprived)

(verb)to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone. Dictionary examples: He claimed that he had been d~ed of his freedom/rights. You can't function properly when you're d~ed of sleep.

gossip

(verb)to talk about other people's private lives. Dictionary examples: Stop g~ing and get back to work! People have started to g~ *about* us.

investigate

(verb)to try to discover all the facts about something, especially a crime or accident. Dictionary examples: Police are investigating allegations of corruption involving senior executives. We are of course investigating how an error like this could have occurred.

come up

BE MENTIONED.to be mentioned or talked about in conversation. Dictionary example: What points c~ up at the meeting?

cool down/off (sb/sth) or cool (sb/sth) down/off

BECOME LESS HOT.to become less hot, or to make someone or something become less hot. Dictionary examples: She waited until her coffee had c~ed down and then took a sip. We went for a swim to c~ off.

it goes without saying

If something g~s without saying, it is obvious or generally accepted. Dictionary example: It g~s without saying that smoking is harmful to your health.

get away

ESCAPE.to leave or escape from a place or person, often when it is difficult to do this. Dictionary example: We walked to the next beach to g~ away from the crowds.

get over sth/sb

GET BETTER.to get better after an illness, or feel better after something or someone has made you unhappy. Dictionary examples: She's still g~ing over the flu. It took her months to g~ over the shock of Richard leaving.

on/off duty

If someone such as a doctor or a soldier is on duty, they are working, and if they are off duty, they are not working. Dictionary example: What time are you off/on duty tomorrow?

come out

INFORMATION.If results or information c~ out, they are given to people. Dictionary example: Information about class placement will c~ out in August.

it's a good thing

If it's a good thing that something happened, it is lucky or fortunate that it happened. Dictionary example: It's a g~ thing (that) we bought our tickets early.

hit it off

If people hit it off, they like each other and become friendly immediately. Dictionary example: Carla and Nina didn't really hit it off.

be a bad/good influence (on sb)

If someone or something is a bad/good influence on someone, they have a bad/good effect on them. Dictionary example: Television can be a bad influence on children.

be none of sb's business

If something is none of someone's b~, they do not need to know about it, although they want to, because it does not affect them. Dictionary example: I'm certainly not going to tell Lara how much money I've spent - it's none of her b~!

in practice

If something is true in practice, this is the real situation. Dictionary example: In practice, the new laws have had little effect.

at all costs

If something must be done at all costs, it is very important that it is done. Dictionary example: We have to succeed a~ all costs.

beyond your/out of control

If something or someone is beyond control or out of control, you cannot influence, limit or direct them. Dictionary examples: The car skidded and went out of c~, crashing into an oncoming truck. There's nothing we can do - the situation is beyond our c~.

take your breath away

If something takes your b~ away, you feel surprise and admiration because it is so beautiful or exciting. Dictionary example: The view from the window took my b~ away.

clear up

If the weather clears up, it improves and becomes sunny. Dictionary example: I hope the weather clears up before this afternoon.

go by

If time g~s by, it passes. Dictionary example: The days w~ by really slowly.

exchange looks, opinions, views, etc.

If two people e~ looks, opinions, views, etc., they look at each other, talk to each other, etc. Dictionary example: The group meets every month to e~ their views on a book they have all read.

can't be bothered

If you can't be bothered to do something, you are too lazy or tired to do it or think it is not important. Dictionary example: I can't be bothered to iron my clothes.

for the moment

If you do something for the moment, you are doing it now, but might do something different in the future. Dictionary example: Let's continue with what we already decided f~ the moment.

in person

If you do something in person, you go somewhere to do it yourself. Dictionary example: You have to collect the document in person.

on behalf of sb or on sb's behalf

If you do something on behalf of someone, you do it for them or instead of them. Dictionary examples: On b~ of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his b~.

keep to sth

If you keep to a plan/subject/path, etc., you stay with it. Dictionary examples: We need to keep to the agenda or the meeting will take too long. I wish you'd keep to the point! She kept to the main roads and was home before dark.

come down

LOWER LEVEL.If a price or a level comes down, it becomes lower. Dictionary examples: House prices have c~ down recently. Inflation is c~ing down.

depend on/upon sb/sth

NEED.to need the help and support of someone or something in order to exist or continue as before. Dictionary examples: She depends on her son for everything. The country depends heavily on foreign aid.

cut off sb/sth or cut sb/sth off

STOP PROVIDING.(often passive) to stop providing something such as electricity or water. Dictionary example: If we don't pay the gas bill, we'll be c~ off.

devote sth to sb/sth

USE TIME.to use time, energy, etc. for a particular purpose. Dictionary example: He resigned from his job to d~ more time to his family.

the boys

a group of male friends. Dictionary example: I'm going out with the boys tonight.

the eldest

a person who is the oldest of three of more people. Dictionary example: He was the e~ of four kids.

in that case

because of the mentioned situation. Dictionary example: There's no coffee left? In that c~ I'll have tea.

6 inches/4 feet, etc. deep

one metre/6 ft, etc. from the top to the bottom, or from the front to the back. Dictionary example: This end of the pool is two metres d~.

among the best/worst/biggest, etc.

one of the most extreme examples of a particular type. Dictionary example: He is a~ the top five tennis players in the country.

on (the) condition that

only if. Dictionary example: I'll come with you on the condition that we're back before midnight.

considering

preposition, conjunction.used for saying that you have a particular opinion about something, because of a particular fact about it. Dictionary examples: She did really well, considering how little experience she'd had. Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.

the last person/thing, etc.

the least expected or wanted person or thing. Dictionary examples: Three extra people to feed - that's the last thing I need! The last thing I wanted was to make you unhappy. Matthew is the last person I'd expect to be interested in dance. He's the last person I'd trust with my keys.

the fifties/'50s

the years 1950 through 1959. Dictionary example: Many new suburbs were built in the f~es.

the eighties/'80s

the years 1980 through 1989. Dictionary example: They moved to Georgia in the e~es.

fall out

to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them. Dictionary examples: She's f~en out *with* her sister. They f~ out *over* money.

fasten sth on/to/together, etc.

to attach one thing to another. Dictionary example: He fastened the rope to a tree.

beat up sb or beat sb up

to attack someone by hitting or kicking them. Dictionary example: He b~ up one of the other prisoners.

get at sth

to be able to reach or get something. Dictionary example: I've put the cake on a high shelf where the kids can't g~ at it.

(be) in your forties/40s

to be aged between 40 and 49. Dictionary example: By the time I'm in my f~s, I want to be running my own business.

(be) in your fifties/50s

to be aged between 50 and 59. Dictionary example: He retired when he was still in his f~es.

dare (to) do sth

to be brave enough to do something. Dictionary examples: I'd never d~ *to* talk to my mother the way Ben talks to his. I didn't d~ tell Dad that I'd scratched his car. I wouldn't d~ are have a party in my flat in case the neighbours complained. I daren't/don't d~ think how much it's going to cost.

keep sb waiting

to be late so that someone has to wait for you. Dictionary examples: I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. The dentist kept me waiting for hours.

be heading for sth

to be likely to experience a bad situation soon. Dictionary examples: They'll be heading for trouble if they're not careful. The country is heading for a recession.

be/get carried away

to be so excited about something that you do not control what you say or do. Dictionary example: There's far too much food - I'm afraid I got a bit c~ed away!

find yourself somewhere/doing sth

to become aware that you have gone somewhere or done something without intending to. Dictionary example: I suddenly f~ myself making lunch.

come down with sth

to become ill. Dictionary example: I feel like I'm c~ing down with a cold.

make a fool of yourself

to behave in a silly or embarrassing way. Dictionary example: I got very excited and made a f~ of myself.

finish off sth or finish sth off

to complete the last part of something that you are doing. Dictionary example: I want to f~ off this essay before I go to bed.

draw a conclusion

to consider the facts of a situation and make a decision about what is true, correct, likely to happen, etc. Dictionary example: I'd seen them together so often I d~ the logical conclusion that they were husband and wife.

be hard on sb

to criticize someone too much, or to treat them unfairly. Dictionary example: Don't be too hard on him - he's new to the job.

get around to sth

to do something that you have intended to do for a long time. Dictionary example: I still haven't g~ around to fixing that faucet.

do a good/excellent, etc. job

to do something well/very well, etc. Dictionary example: She did a great job of organizing the event.

be/get involved (in/with sth)

to do things and be part of an activity or event. Dictionary examples: How did you get involved in acting? She's been involved with animal rights for many years.

identify with sb/sth

to feel that you are similar to someone, and can understand them or their situation because of this. Dictionary example: Readers can easily identify with the hero's sense of frustration at the beginning of the novel.

take a deep breath

to fill your lungs with air. Dictionary example: Take a deep b~ and relax.

figure out sth/sb or figure sth/sb out

to finally understand something or someone. Dictionary examples: I can't f~ out why he did it. I find him really strange - I can't f~ him out at all.

break through sth

to force your way through something that is holding you back. Dictionary example: Protesters b~ through the barriers.

be based in/at

to have a particular city, town, area, etc., as the main place where you live and work, or where you do business. Dictionary example: He was b~ed in South Carolina.

consider sb/sth (to be) sth

to have a particular opinion about someone or something. Dictionary example: I don't c~ myself to be a great athlete.

cheat on sb

to have a secret sexual relationship with someone who is not your usual sexual partner. Dictionary example: She found out that Jeremy had been c~ing on her.

have nothing to do with sb

to have no connection or influence with someone or something. Dictionary example: He made his own decision - I had nothing to do with it.

have nothing to do with sb/sth

to have no connection or influence with someone or something. Dictionary example: He made his own decision - I had nothing to do with it.

get to do sth

to have the chance to do something. Dictionary example: I never g~ to meet her.

know better (than to do sth)

to have the intelligence or judgment not to do something。 Dictionary example: She should have known better than to eat so much. No wonder she feels sick now.

help out (sb) or help (sb) out

to help someone, especially by giving them money or working for them. Dictionary examples: Sophia has been helping out in the store this week. Her parents helped her out with the cost of college.

knock sth/sb over

to hit or push something or someone, especially accidentally, so that they fall to the ground or onto their side. Dictionary examples: I knocked a bottle of wine over while I was reaching for a dish. He banged into me so hard that he nearly knocked me over.

hold your breath

to keep air in your lungs and not let it out. Dictionary example: How long can you hold your b~ under water?

keep sb amused

to keep someone interested and help them to have an enjoyable time Dictionary example: How do you keep an 8-year-old boy a~?

be familiar with sth/sb

to know something or someone well. Dictionary example: I'm sorry, I'm not f~ with your poetry.

be conscious of/that

to know that something is present or that something is happening. Dictionary examples: The tooth doesn't exactly hurt, but I'm c~ of it all the time. I think she's very c~ of being the only person in the office who didn't have a university education. I'm very c~ of the fact that a lot of people disagree with me.

catch up

to learn and discuss the newest facts about something. Dictionary example: I'll call you tonight to c~ up on all the gossip.

be/get hooked on sth

to like or start to like doing something very much and want to do it all the time. Dictionary example: He's completely hooked on computer games.

be attracted to sb(Word family: Nouns: attraction Verbs: attract Adjectives: attractive, unattractive)

to like someone because of the way they look or behave。 Dictionary example: I was a~ to him straight away.

care for sb/sth

to look after someone or something, especially someone who is young, old or ill. Dictionary examples: The children are being c~d for by a relative. She has to stay at home to c~ for her elderly mother.

look sb in the eye/eyes

to look at someone in a direct way, without showing fear or shame. Dictionary example: I wanted to look him in the e~ and tell him I made a mistake.

gaze at/into/out of, etc.

to look for a long time at something or someone or in a particular direction. Dictionary examples: He was g~ing out of the window. They g~ed into each other's eyes.

back up (sth) or back (sth) up

to make an extra copy of something that is held in your computer. Dictionary example: Always b~ up any music you download in case your computer crashes.

heat up sth or heat sth up

to make food hot so that it can be eaten. Dictionary example: I'll just heat up the soup.

break the ice

to make people feel more relaxed in a social situation. Dictionary example: I told everyone a joke, which helped to break the i~.

hurry up sb/sth or hurry sb/sth up

to make someone do something more quickly, or to make something happen sooner. Dictionary examples: Can't you hurry the kids up so we can get there on time? What he did was to hurry up the process.

drive sb crazy/nuts, etc.

to make someone extremely annoyed. Dictionary examples: My mother-in-law has been staying with us this past week and she's driving me crazy. He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it's driving me nuts.

break sb's heart

to make someone feel extremely sad. Dictionary examples: She really b~ his heart when she left. It b~s my heart when I hear the terrible things that have been said about him.

fill sb with anger/joy/pride, etc.

to make someone feel very angry/happy/proud, etc. Dictionary example: The thought of losing him f~ed her with fear.

make a fool (out) of sb

to make someone look stupid intentionally. Dictionary example: She was always trying to make a f~ out of me in front of my friends.

catch sb's attention, interest, etc.

to make someone notice something and feel interested. Dictionary example: A ship out at sea c~ his attention.

attract/get (sb's) attention

to make someone notice you. Dictionary example: I waved at her to get her a~.

put an end to sth(Word family: Nouns: end, ending Verbs: end Adjectives: endless)

to make something stop happening or existing. Dictionary examples: He's determined to put an e~ to these rumors. Mrs. Carroll said she was going to put an e~ to all the talking and fooling around in our class.

do without (sb/sth)

to manage without having something. Dictionary example: Andrew's our best player - we can't really d~ without him.

come across sb/sth

to meet someone or find something by chance. Dictionary example: He c~ across some of his old love letters in his wife's drawer.

draw into/out/away, etc.

to move in a particular direction, especially in a vehicle. Dictionary examples: The train slowly d~ into the station/d~ in. As we d~ alongside the black car, I suddenly recognized my ex-boyfriend at the wheel. Montgomery d~ *level with* Greene in the 100 meters final, but never passed him.

make no difference/not make any difference

to not be important or change a situation. Dictionary examples: You can ask him again if you like, but it won't make any difference - he'll still say no. It makes no difference where you put the antenna, the radio still loses the signal.

be no good or be not any/much good

to not be useful, helpful or valuable. Dictionary examples: Boots are no g~ if they aren't waterproof. Food aid isn't much g~ until the fighting stops.

fail to do sth

to not do what is necessary or expected. Dictionary examples: He f~ed to turn up for football practice yesterday. He f~ed to mention that we wouldn't be paid for the work.

keep (sb/sth) back

to not go near something, or to prevent someone or something from going past a particular place. Dictionary example: The police struggled to keep the crowd back.

keep (sb/sth) away

to not go somewhere or near something, or to prevent someone from going somewhere or near something. Dictionary example: I told them to keep away from the edge of the cliff.

can't face sb/sth/doing sth

to not want to do something or deal with someone, often because it is difficult or unpleasant. Dictionary examples: I can't f~ walking up all those steps again. I knew someone had to tell her but I couldn't f~ it. How can I f~ him now that he knows what I've done?

bring out sth or bring sth out

to produce something to sell to the public. Dictionary example: They've just b~ out a new, smaller phone.

chill out

to relax completely, or not allow things to upset you. Dictionary example: C~ out, Dad - if we miss this train there's always another one.

keep sb/sth in mind

to remember to consider someone or something that may be useful in the future. Dictionary example: I'll keep you in mind if another job comes up.

do up sth or do sth up

to repair or decorate a building so that it looks attractive. Dictionary example: He d~es up old houses and then sells them.

chase sb/sth away/off/out, etc.

to run after a person or animal to make them leave a place. Dictionary example: I c~ the cat away.

deliver a speech/talk, etc.

to speak formally to a group of people. Dictionary example: The priest d~ed a passionate speech against war.

get up

to stand up. Dictionary example: The whole audience g~ up and started clapping.

get down to sth

to start doing something seriously and with a lot of attention and effort. Dictionary example: Before we g~ down to business, I'd like to thank you all for coming today.

keep down sth or keep sth down

to stop the number, level, or size of something from increasing. Dictionary example: I have to exercise to keep my weight down.

get through sth

to succeed in an examination or competition. Dictionary example: She g~t through her exams without too much trouble.

fall for sb

to suddenly have strong romantic feelings about someone. Dictionary example: She f~ for a tall, handsome Frenchman when she was on vacation in Paris.

come up with sth

to suggest or think of an idea or plan. Dictionary example: She's c~ up with some amazing scheme to double her income.

take charge

to take control of or make yourself responsible for something. Dictionary example: I was happy to let her take charge of the travel arrangements.

call in sick

to telephone the place where you work and report that you are sick and unable to work. Dictionary example: Three people c~ed in sick this morning.

go into detail

to tell or include all the facts about something. Dictionary examples: I won't go into d~ over the phone, but I've been having a few health problems recently. The longer document goes into *more* d~ about the experiments.

be under the impression

to think or understand a particular stated thing. Dictionary examples: I was under the impression (that) you didn't get on too well. He was under the mistaken impression (that) you were married.

keep notes/records, etc.

to write something down in order to remember it. Dictionary example: Remember to keep a record of how much you spend.

as for

used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a slightly different subject, but one that is connected in some way. Dictionary example: I was pleased about the news. A~ for Emily, well, who cares what she thinks?

in itself

used emphasize that something is true of one particular thing but that other things may have to be considered. Dictionary example: The plan wasn't illegal in itself but it would lead to some doubtful practices.

day by day/little by little/one by one, etc.

used in particular phrases to mean "gradually" or "in units of". Dictionary example: Day b~ day he grew stronger.

anything like

used in questions and negatives to mean "similar to" Dictionary examples: Does he look a~ like his brother? The pictures on cereal boxes don't look a~ like the actual stuff you eat.

in actual fact

used to emphasize what is really true, or to give more information. Dictionary example: I thought she was Portuguese, but in actual fact she's Brazilian.

don't hesitate to do sth

used to encourage someone to do something. Dictionary example: Please don't hesitate to get in touch if you need any more advice.

in other words

used to explain what something means in a different way. Dictionary example: He said he's too busy - in other words he isn't interested.

couldn't have

used to express certainty that something in the past was impossible or didn't happen. Dictionary examples: He c~ not have damaged your bike - he was with me all evening. That book c~ not have been on sale last week - it's only come out today!

in any case

used to give another reason for something you are saying, or that you have done. Dictionary example: I don't want to go, and in any c~ I haven't been invited.

as a matter of fact

used to give more information, or to correct something that has been said. Dictionary examples: John plays golf professionally. A~ a matter of fact, he has just won a big tournament. "So you're from Cambridge?" "A~ a matter of fact, I live across the river, in Boston."

to begin with

used to give the first important reason for something. Dictionary example: To b~ with, we can't afford to move.

you never know

used to say that something could be possible although it does not seem likely. Dictionary example: You never know - you might win the lottery.

by/in contrast

used to show that someone or something is completely different. Dictionary examples: Their economy has expanded enormously, while ours, by c~, has declined. She's quite short, in c~ to her tall sister.

on the contrary

used to show that the opposite of what has just been said is true. Dictionary example: "You're a vegetarian, aren't you?" "On the c~, I love meat."

in all

used to show the total amount of something Dictionary example: Some of the children came, so there were 15 of us in a~.

as far as sb is concerned

used to show what someone thinks about something. Dictionary examples: A~ far a~ I'm concerned, feng shui is just nonsense. A~ far a~ our customers are concerned, price is the main consideration.

in those days

used to talk about a period in the past。 Dictionary example: In those d~s, boys used to wear short trousers.

could have

used to talk about things that possibly happened in the past or might possibly have happened by some time in the future. Dictionary examples: She c~ have been killed. Let's go to the coast anyway - the rain c~ have stopped by the time we get there.

or anything

used to talk or ask about things of a similar type. Dictionary examples: Do you want a drink or a~? Did you do any sightseeing or a~?

on the one hand . . . on the other hand

used when you are comparing two different ideas or opinions. Dictionary example: On the one hand, computer games develop many skills, but on the other, they mean kids don't get enough exercise.

if only

used when you want to say how doing something simple would make it possible to avoid something unpleasant. Dictionary example: If only she'd listened to me, she wouldn't be in this mess.

in brief

using only a few words. Dictionary example: world news in b~.

on average

usually, or based on an average. Dictionary example: Female workers earn, on a~, a third less than men.

failure to do sth

when you do not do something that you are expected to do. Dictionary examples: Failure to pay within 14 days will result in interest being charged. It was his failure to return her phone call that told her that something was wrong.

take sth into consideration

when you think about a particular fact or detail and let it influence your decision. Dictionary example: It may be cheap to buy, but you've got to take into c~ the money you'll spend on repairs.

be aimed at sb

to be intended to influence or affect a particular person or group Dictionary example: These advertisements are specifically a~ at young people.

take account of sth

to consider something when judging a situation. Dictionary example: A good architect takes a~ of the building's surroundings.

take into account sth

to consider something when judging a situation. Dictionary example: I think you have to take into a~ *the fact that* he's a good deal younger than the rest of us.

add to sth

to make a feeling or quality more extreme. Dictionary example: Her colleagues' laughter only a~ed to her embarrassment.

take advantage of sb/sth

to treat someone or something badly in order to get what you want. Dictionary example: I think she takes a~ of his good nature.

Absolutely!

used to strongly agree with someone. Dictionary examples: "Do you think it helped his career?" "Absolutely." "It was an excellent movie, though." "Absolutely!"