Campbell Mastering Biology: Osmosis

Structure B is a _____. A) solvent B) water molecule C) transport protein D) phospholipid E) solute

C) transport protein (The transport protein facilitates the movement of solute across the plasma membrane..)

You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because it _____. A) hypertonic ... gained water B) hypotonic ... lysed C) hypertonic solution ... lost water D) hypertonic ... lysed E) hypotonic ... is turgid

C) hypertonic solution ... lost water (A cell will lose water when placed in a hypertonic solution.)

The process shown in this animation is referred to as _____. A) phagocytosis B) active transport C) osmosis D) facilitated diffusion E) pinocytosis

D) facilitated diffusion (Diffusion is occurring via a transport protein.)

This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. A) hypertonic or isotonic B) hypotonic and isotonic C) hypotonic D) hypertonic E) isotonic

D) hypertonic (There is a greater concentration of solute outside the cell.)

How can a lipid be distinguished from a sugar? A) Lipids are mostly nonpolar. B) Lipids are mostly saturated. C) A lipid is made up of only hydrocarbons. D) A lipid dissolves in water.

A) Lipids are mostly nonpolar. (Lipids are nonpolar molecules, whereas sugars are polar.)

True or false? Osmosis is a type of diffusion. A) True B) False

A) True (Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.)

True or false? The water-soluble portion of a phospholipid is the polar head, which generally consists of a glycerol molecule linked to a phosphate group. A) True B) False

A) True (The hydrophilic, or water-loving, portion of a phospholipid is the polar head, whereas the hydrophobic portion is the nonpolar tail.)

What name is given to the process shown in this animation? A) diffusion B) turgor C) active transport D) sodium-potassium pump E) osmosis

A) diffusion (Diffusion is the movement of particles down their concentration gradient.)

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? A) osmosis B) phagocytosis C) diffusion D) pinocytosis E) passive transport

A) osmosis (Osmosis is the passive transport of water.)

Structure A is a _____. A) solute B) water molecule C) transport protein D) phospholipid E) solvent

A) solute (A solute is crossing the plasma membrane.)

Which of the following particles could diffuse easily through a cell membrane? A) Hydrogen ion (H+) B) Oxygen (O2) C) Sodium ion (Na+) D) Glucose

B) Oxygen (O2) (Small nonpolar molecules such as oxygen can diffuse across cell membranes.)

Which of the following factors does not affect membrane permeability? A) The amount of cholesterol in the membrane B) The polarity of membrane phospholipids C) The saturation of hydrocarbon tails in membrane D)phospholipids E) Temperature

B) The polarity of membrane phospholipids (Phospholipids contain both a polar head and a nonpolar hydrocarbon tail, both of which are necessary for their ability to form membrane bilayers.)

You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____. A) isotonic ... neither lost nor gained water B) hypotonic ... swelled C) hypertonic ... gained water D) hypertonic ... lost water E) hypotonic ... shrunk

B) hypotonic ... swelled (A cell will gain water when placed in a hypotonic solution.)

What property of dishwashing liquid (detergent) makes it useful to wash grease from pans? A) Permeability B) Hydrophobic nature C) Solubility in water D) Amphipathic nature

D) Amphipathic nature (Detergents form micelles around the grease, which are then washed away because the polar head groups facing outward on the micelle are water-soluble.)

If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution and bursts, what is the tonicity of the solution relative to the interior of the cell? A) Isotonic B) Osmotic C) Hypertonic D) Hypotonic

D) Hypotonic (The salt concentration in the solution is lower than it is in the cell, so water enters the cell, causing it to burst.)

This plant cell is _____. A) losing water B) lysing C) in an isotonic solution D) in a hypotonic solution E) hypertonic solution

D) in a hypotonic solution (In a hypotonic solution plant cells experience a net gain of water and become turgid.)