Cancer

True or false? All tumors are cancerous.

False.

Cancer

Out-of-control cell division of mutated (abnormal) cells

Apoptosis

The process by which a damaged cell self destructs.

True or false. DNA is the "instruction book" for making checkpoint proteins.

True

True or false. There is a checkpoint protein that looks for mitotic defects.

True

True or false? If a cell is damaged it will not divide and will actually self-destruct.

True

What are the 3 major ways tumors cause destruction?

1. Put pressure on nearby tissues/organs 2. Invade tissues and organs directly and damage or destroy them. 3.Make invaded tissue more susceptible/vulnerable to infection.

What causes DNA mutations?

1. They can be inherited. 2. Genes can accidentally mutate over time. 3. Carcinogens

Radiation therapy

A cancer treatment method that involves directing X-rays precisely at the tumor site in order to kill the cancerous cells by damaging the DNA.

Surgery

A cancer treatment method that involves removing the tumor.

Chemotherapy

A cancer treatment method that uses chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in the body.

Carcinogens

A cancer-causing substance or exposure. Carcinogens can lead to DNA mutations.

Tumor

A mass of tissue that forms when cells divide at an accelerated rate.

Cell cycle

A timely cycle of growth and replication of a cell.

Malignant

A tumor that is cancerous.

Benign

A type of tumor that is not cancerous.

What happens during the G2 phase?

Additional growth and development

The type of proteins that ensure the stages of a cell cycle happen at the proper time and also that there are no mistakes are called?

Checkpoint proteins

True or false? Benign tumors are likely to spread to different parts of the family.

False. Benign tumors don't normally spread to different parts of the body.

True or false. Cancer cells know they are damaged but continue to divide anyway.

False. Cancer cells do not know they are damaged.

True or false? Cancer is the leading cause of death in the U.S.

False. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. The first is heart disease.

True or false. Cancer happens when there is not enough cell division.

False. Cancer occurs when there is too much cell division.

True or false? The majority of the cell cycle is spent in mitosis.

False. Mitosis (cell division) is the shortest part of the cell cycle.

True or false. There is no checkpoint protein between G1 and S Phase.

False. There is a checkpoint between G1 and S Phase.

The growth and devlopment phase is called?

G1

When does the checkpoint for DNA damage occur?

It occurs between S Phase and G2.

Another word for damage to the DNA is...

Mutations

This phase involves the copying of DNA.

S Phase

Metastasis

The spreading of cancerous cells. Millions of cancer cells are released from the site of the tumor into the blood stream.

True or false? A tumor can make invaded tissue more susceptible/vulnerable to infection.

True.

True or false? Benign tumors normally don't return once they are removed.

True.

True or false? Chemotherapy can kill cancer cells in any part of the body.

True.

True or false? Malignant tumors can come back even after they are removed.

True.

True or false? Malignant tumors can spread throughout the body to other tissues and organs.

True.

True or false. A healthy cell knows when it is damaged.

True. A cell will try to repair the damage, but if it can't, it will self-destruct.

DNA mutations cause the cell cycle to become...

unregulated or out of control.