Cancer staging

Staging consists of 5 stages:

O, I, II, III, IV

Tumors are classified according to

SHE - site, histology, and extent of disease

T 1-4 means

asceding degree of increase in size and involvement

M1-4

ascendig degree of metastatic involvement of the ost, including distant nodes

Histologic grading of tumors is done by evaluating:

appearance of cells and degree of differentiation

How many different categories are in the TNM respective categories?

4,3,3

O

Cancer In Situ - O' sis or CIS

The four T marks are:

T - O, IS, 1-4, and X

The TNM stands for

T-primary tumor, N-regoinal lymph nodes, M-distant meatastates

Carcinomas come from

The care was EPIC! epithelial cells both endoderm (lining of GI) and ectoderm (epidermis and glands)

N 1-4

acending evidence of nodal involvement

Mx

cannot be determined

T x means

cannot be measured or found

The process of cancer classification allows for a standardized method of communication to allow providers to:

communicate the status of the cancer to all health care team members, assist in determining most effective treatment plan, evaluate treatment plan, predict prognosis, and compare like groups for statistical purposes

III

extensive local and regional spread - III sideways makes an "E" - extensive local and regional spread

Lymphomas and leukemias arise from

hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells that leave the marrow and tend to mature in the lymph nodes and blood, respectively

T is means

in situ

II

limited local spread - II or LL - limited local spread

Sarcomas come from

mesoderm (connective tissue, muscle, bone, and fat)

IV

metastasis - IV moves fluid everywhere or "mets"...

N 0 means

no evidence

T 0 means

no evidence

M 0

no evidence of distant metastases

N x

regional lymph nodes unable to be assessed clinically

Classifying the extent and spread of cancer is called

staging

I

tumor limited to tissue of origin; localized tumor growth - "I" AM STAYING HERE!

Anatomical classification involves identifying the tumor by

tumor's TAB - Tissue of origin, anatomic site, behavior of tumor