Canine Breeds

What will the vet have on the vet when he hands it to you?

A hemostat.

What causes Leptospirosis?

Acute infectious bacterial illness caused by spirochete. Affects liver and kidneys. Bacteria is shed in the urin of dogs and rats even after recovery. Affects dogs of all ages. Zoonotic to humans, Passed through the ingestion of infected urine

What Causes Parvo?

Acute viral disease that causes severe gastrointeritis

What causes rabies?

Acute viral diseases, fatal, Causes incephalomyelitis

What causes Bordetella?

Bacterial disease causing trachiobronchitis. Form of kennel cough

What do you set up to put the pups in before the c-section?

Basket or box on a heating pad. Do not lay directly on hot things or they may burn the pups.

What color are the eyes when they first open?

Blue and will be a little cloudy initially

What are the symptoms of Parainfluenza?

Chronic dry hacking cough, affects the respiratory track,

How is Hepatitis spread?

Contagious viral disease. Adenovirus. Attacks the hepatic cells of the liver. Affects dogs of all ages but most prevalent in puppies of oung ages.

What are the symptoms of Bordetella?

Coughing. vaccine required every 6 months

What ae three elective surgeries?

Dock tail, Dewclaw Removal, earcrop

What do you give if the pup isn't giving?

Dopram .01 ml

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis?

Fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis, depression, abdominal pain, prolonged clotting times, ocular and nasal discharge. Can be asymptomatic.

What are the symptoms of Distemper?

Fever, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, cough, neurological disorder, hard pads, ocular and nasal discharge

What are the symptoms of Leptospirosis?

Fever, depression, anorexia, jaundice, hemorrhagic oral mucosis, abdominal pain, necrotic lesions in the mouth.

What causes Parainfluenza?

Flu type airborne virus that causes a form of kennel cough

What causes Corona?

Highly contagious viral disease

Hepatitis

ICS Infectuous canine hepatitis

Afghan Hound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

American Foxhound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Anatolian Shepherd Dog

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Basenji

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Basset Hound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Beagle

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Black and Tan Coonhound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Bloodhound

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Blue Tick Coonhound

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Boykin Spaniel

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Chesapeake Bay Retriever

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Clumber Spaniel

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Cocker Spaniel (American)

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Dachshund

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English Cocker Spaniel

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English Setter

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English Springer Spaniel

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Flat-Coated Retriever

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German Shorthaired Pointer

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

German Wirehaired Pointer

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Golden Retriever

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Gordon Setter

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Greyhound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Irish Setter

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Irish Wolf Hound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Labrador Retriever

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Norwegian Elkhound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Plott Hound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Pointer

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Redbone Coonhound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Rhodesian Ridgeback

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Treeing Walker Coonhound

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Vizsla

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Weimaraner

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Whippet

Origin: Use: Height: Weight: Temperament: Coat: Color: Ears: Tail: General appearance:

Australian Cattle Dog

Origin: Use: Height: 17-20 in. Weight: 35-50 lbs. Temperament: loyalty and protective instincts make it a self-appointed guardian to the stockman, his herd and his property. Whilst naturally suspicious of strangers must be amenable to handling, particularly in the show ring. Coat: smooth, a double coat with a short dense undercoat. The outer-coat is close, each hair straight, hard, and lying flat, so that it is rain-resisting. Under the body, to behind the legs, the coat is longer and forms near the thigh a mild form of breeching. On the head (including the inside of the ears), to the front of the legs and feet, the hair is short. Along the neck, it is longer and thicker. A coat either too long or too short is a fault. As an average, the hairs on the body should be from 2½ to 4 centimeters (approximately 1 to 1½ inches) in length. Color: Blue and red speckle Ears: ears should be of moderate size, preferably small rather than large, broad at the base, muscular, pricked and moderately pointed neither spoon nor bat eared. The ears are set wide apart on the skull, inclining outwards, sensitive in their use and pricked when alert, the leather should be thick in texture and the inside of the ear fairly well furnished with hair. Tail: moderately low, following the contours of the sloping croup and of length to reach approximately to the hock. At rest, it should hang in a very slight curve. During movement or excitement the tail may be raised, but under no circumstances should any part of the tail be carried past a vertical line drawn through the root. The tail should carry a good brush General Appearance: The general appearance is that of a strong compact, symmetrically built working dog, with the ability and willingness to carry out his allotted task however arduous. Its combination of substance, power, balance and hard muscular condition must convey the impression of great agility, strength, and endurance. Any tendency to grossness or weediness is a serious fault.

Patent airway

Swab secretion from the mouth and nasal areas using bulb syringe Continue until they have a clar airway.

Etiology

The

Heart rate

70-180 bpm

What should you hold a newborn pup with?

A Sterile towel

What are the symptoms of Rabies?

Typically transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. Paralytic form causes paralysis of the throat and neck muscles, profuse salivation and death. Furious form, which is considered mad dog syndrome, causes vicious and aggressiveness. Public health hazard, zoonotic. MUST BE ANNOUNCED TO DHEC!

What are the symptoms of Corona?

Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and anorexia

What are the symptoms of Parvo?

Vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, dehydration, fever, depression, anorexia. SHed in feces and easily transmitted to other dogs

BPR

10-40 bpm

Temperature

101-102.5

When should ear docking be done?

12 weeks or older

How long is the bitches estrous cycle?

21 days

When should the dewclaw removal and tail dock be done?

3-5 days

What is the average weaning age for pups?

3-8 weeks

When do eyes and ears first open?

5-14 days

What kind of estrous cycle does the bitch have?

A mono cycle

Brittany

Origin: Use: Height: 17.5-20.5 in. Weight: 30-40 lbs. Temperament: A happy, alert dog, neither mean nor shy. Coat: Dense, flat or wavy, never curly. Texture neither wiry nor silky. Ears should carry little fringe. The front and hind legs should have some feathering, but too little is definitely preferable to too much. Color: Orange and white or liver and white in either clear or roan patterns. Some ticking is desirable. Ears: Set high, above the level of the eyes. Short and triangular, rather than pendulous, reaching about half the length of the muzzle.Should lie flat and close to the head, with dense, but relatively short hair, and with little fringe Tail: Tailless to approximately four inches, natural or docked. The tail not to be so long as to affect the overall balance of the dog. Set on high, actually an extension of the spine at about the same level. General appearance: compact, closely knit dog of medium size, a leggy dog having the appearance, as well as the agility, of a great ground cover. Strong, vigorous, energetic and quick of movement. Ruggedness, without clumsiness, is a characteristic of the breed.

Alaskan Malamute

Origin: Alaska Use: Freighting Height: 23-25 In. Weight: 75-85lbs Temperament: An affectionate, friendly dog, not a "one-man" dog. He is a loyal, devoted companion, playful in invitation, but generally impressive by his dignity after maturity. Color: The usual colors range from light gray through intermediate shadings to black, sable, and shadings of sable to red. Color combinations are acceptable in undercoats, points, and trimmings. The only solid color allowable is all white. White is always the predominant color on underbody, parts of legs, feet, and part of face markings. A white blaze on the forehead and/or collar or a spot on the nape is attractive and acceptable. Mantled and broken colors extend over the body or uneven splashing is undesirable. Coat: Has a thick, coarse guard coat, never long and soft. The undercoat is dense, from one to two inches in depth, oily and woolly. The coarse guard coat varies in length as does the undercoat. The coat is relatively short to medium along the sides of the body, with the length of the coat increasing around the shoulders and neck, down the back, over the rump, and in the breeching and plume. Usually have a shorter and less dense coat during the summer months. is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet. Tail: Moderately set and follows the line of the spine at the base. The tail is carried over the back when not working. It is not a snap tail or curled tight against the back, nor is it short furred like a fox brush. The tail is well furred and has the appearance of a waving plume Ears: Are of medium size, but small in proportion to the head. The ears are triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. They are set wide apart on the outside back edges of the skull on line with the upper corner of the eye, giving ears the appearance, when erect, of standing off from the skull. Erect ears point slightly forward, but when the dog is at work, the ears are sometimes folded against the skull. General Appearance: One of the oldest Arctic sled dogs, is a powerful and substantially built dog with a deep chest and strong, well-muscled body. Stands well over the pads, and this stance gives the appearance of much activity and a proud carriage, with head erect and eyes alert showing interest and curiosity. The head is broad. Ears are triangular and erect when alerted. The muzzle is bulky, only slight diminishing in width from root to nose. The muzzle is not pointed or long, yet not stubby. The coat is thick with a coarse guard coat of sufficient length to protect a woolly undercoat. Are of various colors. Face markings are a distinguishing feature. These consist of a cap over the head, the face either all white or marked with a bar and/or mask. The tail is well furred, carried over the back, and has the appearance of a waving plume.

Rat Terrier

Origin: America Use: Ratter, farm, and companion dog Height: Mini: 10 in at shoulder not surpassing 13 in. Weight: 10-25 lbs Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Catahoula Leopard Dog

Origin: America Use: multi-purpose working dog Height: 22-24 in. Weight: 50-95 lbs. Temperament: affected by a number of factors, including heredity, training, and socialization. Puppies with nice temperaments are curious and playful, willing to approach people and be held by them. Choose the middle-of-the-road puppy, not the one who's beating up his littermates or the one who's hiding in the corner. Always meet at least one of the parents-usually the mother is the one who's available to ensure that they have nice temperaments that you're comfortable with. Meeting siblings or other relatives of the parents is also helpful for evaluating what a puppy will be like when he grows up. Coat: short to medium-length single coat lies close to the body. Its texture may range from smooth to coarse. Color: found in many coat colors and patterns. They may have color points, or trim, located on the chest, cheeks, above the eyes, or on the legs, underbody or under the tail. The leopard pattern has a base color with contrasting spots of one or more other colors. Solids have a single coat color. Brindles may have a light or dark base coat color with contrasting stripes. Ears: Medium drop ears. Medium in length, fold over and be triangular in shape. Tail: Thicker at the base and naturally tapers at the tip. Natural bobtails are acceptable General Appearance: not aggressive toward people. He is wary of strangers but never shy. With family members, he is loving and protective. Males can be aggressive toward other male dogs, and in general work aggressively, a necessity in rounding up unruly hogs or cattle. Their instinct is to track and herd game, and if that isn't an option for them, they need some other outlet for their energy. excellent watchdogs and will bark a warning or otherwise go on alert at the approach of strangers. Treat them firmly but fairly. They do not accept mistreatment or physical abuse.

Siberian Husky

Origin: Asia Use: Sled dog Height: 20-23.5 in Weight: 35-60 lbs Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Silky Terrier

Origin: Australia Use: Companion Height: 9-10 in. Weight: around 10 lbs. Temperament: The keenly alert air of the terrier is characteristic, with shyness or excessive nervousness to be faulted. The manner is quick, friendly, responsive. Coat: Straight, single, glossy, silky in texture. On matured specimens, the coat falls below and follows the body outline. It should not approach floor length. On the top of the head, the hair is so profuse as to form a topknot, but long hair on the face and ears is objectionable. The hair is parted on the head and down over the back to the root of the tail. The tail is well coated but devoid of plume. Legs should have short hair from the pastern and hock joints to the feet. The feet should not be obscured by the leg furnishings Color: Blue and tan. The blue may be silver blue, pigeon blue or slate blue, the tan deep and rich. The blue extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the tail, down the forelegs to the elbows, and halfway down the outside of the thighs. On the tail, the blue should be very dark. Tan appears on muzzle and cheeks, around the base of the ears, on the legs and feet and around the vent. The topknot should be silver or fawn which is lighter than the tan points. Ears: small, V-shaped, set high and carried erect without any tendency to flare obliquely off the skull. Tail: docked, set high and carried at twelve to two o'clock position. General Appearance: a true "toy terrier". He is moderately low set, slightly longer than tall, of refined bone structure, but of sufficient substance to suggest the ability to hunt and kill domestic rodents. His coat is silky in texture, parted from the stop to the tail and presents a well-groomed but not sculptured appearance. His inquisitive nature and joy of life make him an ideal companion

American Staffordshire Terrier

Origin: England Use: Ideally suited for many dog sports Height: 17-10 in Weight: 40-70 lbs Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Cropped or uncropped, the latter preferred Tail: Not curled or held over back, not docked General Appearance:

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Origin: Britain Use: Show: Obedience and agility, therapy, companion Height: 12-13 in. Weight: 13-18 lbs. Temperament: Gay, friendly, non-aggressive with no tendency towards nervousness or shyness. Coat: Of moderate length, silky, free from curl. Slight wave permissible. Feathering on ears, chest, legs, and tail should belong, and the feathering on the feet is a feature of the breed. No trimming of the dog is permitted. Color: Blenheim, tricolor, black and tan, ruby Ears: Set high, but not close, on top of the head. Leather long with plenty of feathering and wide enough so that when the dog is alert, the ears fan slightly forward to frame the face. Tail: carried happily but never much above the level of the back, and in constant characteristic motion when the dog is in action. Docking is optional. If docked, no more than one third to be removed. General Appearance: active, graceful, well-balanced, very gay and free in action; fearless and sporting in character, yet at the same time gentle and affectionate. It is this typical gay temperament, combined with true elegance and royal appearance which are of paramount importance in the breed. Natural appearance with no trimming, sculpting or artificial alteration is essential to breed type.

Bulldog

Origin: British Isles Use: Companion and sport Height: 14-15 in. Weight: 40-50 lbs. Temperament: The disposition should be equable and kind, resolute and courageous (not vicious or aggressive), and demeanor should be pacific and dignified. These attributes should be countenanced by the expression and behavior. Coat: The coat should be straight, short, flat, close, of fine texture, smooth and glossy. (No fringe, feather or curl.) Color: color of coat should be uniform, pure of its kind and brilliant. Colors are red, white, fawn, fallow, or any combination of the foregoing. Patterns and markings may include brindle, piebald, ticking, black masks, black tipping, and a minimal amount of solid black in piebalds. Ears: The ears should be set high in the head, the front inner edge of each ear joining the outline of the skull at the top back corner of skull, so as to place them as wide apart, and as high, and as far from the eyes as possible. In size, they should be small and thin. The shape termed "rose ear" is the most desirable. The rose ear folds inward at its back lower edge, the upper front edge curving over, outward and backward, showing part of the inside of the burr. Tail: may be either straight or "screwed" (but never curved or curly), and in any case, must be short, hung low, with decided downward carriage, thick root, and fine tip. If straight, the tail should be cylindrical and of uniform taper. If "screwed," the bends or kinks should be well defined, and they may be abrupt and even knotty, but no portion of the member should be elevated above the base or root. General Appearance: The perfect specimen must be of medium size and smooth coat; with heavy, thick-set, low-slung body, massive short-faced head, wide shoulders and sturdy limbs. The general appearance and attitude should suggest great stability, vigor, and strength. The disposition should be equable and kind, resolute and courageous (not vicious or aggressive), and demeanor should be pacific and dignified. These attributes should be countenanced by the expression and behavior.

Cardigan Welsh Corgi

Origin: Cardiganshire, Wales Use: Cattle dog or all-purpose farm dog Height: 10.5-12.5 in. Weight: 25-38 lbs. Temperament: Even-tempered, loyal, affectionate, and adaptable. Never shy nor vicious. Coat: Medium length but dense as it is double. Outer hairs slightly harsh in texture; never wiry, curly or silky. relatively smooth and weather resistant. The insulating undercoat is short, soft and thick. A correct coat has short hair on ears, head, the legs; medium hair on body; and slightly longer, thicker hair in ruff, on the backs of the thighs to form "pants," and on the underside of the tail. Should not appear fluffy Color: All shades of red, sable and brindle. White flashings are usual on the neck (either in part or as a collar), chest, legs, muzzle, underparts, tip of tail and as a blaze on head. Ears: Large and prominent in proportion to size of dog. Slightly rounded at the tip, and of good strong leather. Moderately wide at the base, carried erect and sloping slightly forward when alert. When erect, tips are slightly wide of a straight line drawn from the tip of the nose through the center of the eye. Tail: set fairly low on body line and reaching well below hock. Carried low when standing or moving slowly, streaming out parallel to ground when at a dead run, lifted when excited, but never curled over the back. General Appearance: Low set with moderately heavy bone and deep chest. Overall silhouette long in proportion to height, culminating in a low tail set and fox-like brush.

Great Pyrenees

Origin: Central asia or Siberia Use: Defending flocks and home Height: 25-32 in. Weight: 85-100+ Temperament: Character and temperament are of utmost importance. In nature, this breed is confident, gentle, and affectionate. While territorial and protective of his flock or family when necessary, his general demeanor is one of quiet composure, both patient and tolerant. He is strong-willed, independent and somewhat reserved, yet attentive, fearless and loyal to his charges both human and animal. Color: White or white with markings of gray, badger, reddish-brown, or varying shades of tan. Markings of varying sizes may appear on the ears, head (including a full face mask), tail, and as a few body spots. The undercoat may be white or shaded. All of the above-described colorings and locations are characteristic of the breed and equally correct Coat: The weather-resistant double coat consists of along, flat, thick, outer coat of coarse hair, straight or slightly undulating, and lying over a dense, fine, woolly undercoat. The coat is more profuse about the neck and shoulders where it forms a ruff or mane which is more pronounced in males. Longer hair on the tail forms a plume. There is feathering along the back of the front legs and along the back of the thighs, giving a "pantaloon" effect. The hair on the face and ears is shorter and of finer texture. The correctness of the coat is more important than abundance of coat. Ears: Small to medium in size, V-shaped with rounded tips, set at eye level, normally carried low, flat, and close to the head. There is a characteristic meeting of the hair of the upper and lower face which forms a line from the outer corner of the eye to the base of the ear. Tail: The tail bones are of sufficient length to reach the hock. The tail is well plumed, carried low in repose and may be carried over the back, "making the wheel," when aroused. When present, a "shepherd's crook" at the end of the tail accentuates the plume. When gaiting, the tail may be carried either over the back or low. Both carriages are equally correct General Appearance: conveys the distinct impression of elegance and unsurpassed beauty combined with great overall size and majesty. He has a white or principally white coat that may contain markings of badger, gray, or varying shades of tan. He possesses a keen intelligence and a kindly, while regal, expression. Exhibiting a unique elegance of bearing and movement, his soundness and coordination show unmistakably the purpose for which he has been bred, the strenuous work of guarding the flocks in all kinds of weather on the steep mountain slopes

Pug

Origin: China Use: Companion Height: 10-13 in. Weight: 14-18 lbs. Temperament: even-tempered breed, exhibiting stability, playfulness, great charm, dignity, and outgoing, loving disposition. Coat: The coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, neither hard nor woolly. Color: Fawn and black Ears: thin, small, soft, like black velvet. There are two kinds - the "rose" and the "button." Preference is given to the latter. Tail: Curled as tightly as possible over the hip. The double curl is perfection. General Appearance: Symmetry and general appearance are decidedly square and cobby. A lean, leggy Pug and a dog with short legs and a long body are equally objectionable.

Bull Terrier

Origin: England Use: Popular in obedience, agility and show ring Height: Weight: Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Rottweiler

Origin: Germany Use: Guard dogs and cattle drivers Height: 22-27 in Weight: 80-135 Temperament: Love their people and may behave in a clownish manner Color: Always black with rust to mahogany marks. Coat: Ears: Medium sized, pendant Tail: Docked short close to body General Appearance:

Japanese Chin

Origin: China Use: Companion Height: 7-11 in. Weight: 8-11 lbs. Temperament: Sensitive and intelligent, responsive and affectionate with those it knows and loves but reserved with strangers or in new situations. Coat: Abundant, straight, single, and silky. Has a resilient texture and a tendency to stand out from the body, especially on neck, shoulders, and chest areas where the hair forms a thick mane or ruff. Color: Either black and white, red and white, or black and white with tan points. The term tan points shall include tan or red spots over each eye, inside the ears, on both cheeks, and at the anal vent area if displaying any black. The term red shall include all shades of red, orange, and lemon, and sable, which includes any aforementioned shade intermingled or overlaid with black Ears: hanging, small, V-shaped, wide apart, set slightly below the crown of the skull. When alert, the ears are carried forward and downward. The ears are well feathered and fit into the rounded contour of the head. Tail: Abundant, straight, single, and silky. Has a resilient texture and a tendency to stand out from the body, especially on neck, shoulders, and chest areas where the hair forms a thick mane or ruff. The tail is profusely coated and forms a plume. Set on high, carried arched up over the back and flowing to either side of the body. General Appearance: small, well balanced, lively, aristocratic toy dog with a distinctive Oriental expression. It is light and stylish in action. The plumed tail is carried over the back, curving to either side. The coat is profuse, silky, soft and straight. The dog's outline presents a square appearance.

Chinese Crested

Origin: China Use: Companion, Height: 11-13 in. Weight: 8-12 lbs. Temperament: Gay and alert Coat: The Hairless variety has hair on certain portions of the body: the head (called a crest), the tail (called a plume) and the feet from the toes to the front pasterns and rear hock joints (called socks). The texture of all hair is soft and silky, flowing to any length. Placement of hair is not as important as overall type. Areas that have hair usually taper off slightly. Wherever the body is hairless, the skin is soft and smooth. Head crest begins at the stop and tapers off between the base of the skull and the back of the neck. Hair on the ears and face is permitted on the Hairless and may be trimmed for neatness in both varieties. Tail plume is described under Tail. The Powderpuff variety is completely covered with a double soft and silky coat. Close examination reveals long thin guard hairs over the short silky undercoat. The coat is straight, of moderate density and length. Excessively heavy, kinky or curly coat is to be penalized. Grooming is minimal-consisting of presenting a clean and neat appearance. Color: Any color or combination of colors Ears: Uncropped large and erect, placed so that the base of the ear is level with the outside corner of the eye. Tail: slender and tapers to a curve. It is long enough to reach the hock. When in motion, the tail is carried gaily and may be carried slightly forward over the back. At rest the tail is down with a slight curve upward at the end resembling a sickle. In the Hairless variety, two-thirds of the end of the tail is covered by long, flowing feathering referred to as a plume. The Powderpuff variety's tail is completely covered with hair. General Appearance: A toy dog, fine-boned, elegant and graceful. The distinct varieties are born in the same litter. The Hairless with hair only on the head, tail, and feet and the Powderpuff, completely covered with hair. The breed serves as a loving companion, playful and entertaining.

Pekingese

Origin: China Use: Watchdog and companion Height: 6-9 in. Weight: Up to 14 lbs. Temperament: A combination of regal dignity, intelligence and self-importance make for a good-natured, opinionated and affectionate companion. Sometimes difficult to housebreak and lazy. Coat: long, coarse-textured, straight, stand-off outer coat, with a thick, soft undercoat. Forms a noticeable mane on the neck and shoulder while the fur on the rest of the body remains shorter. Long feathering is found on toes, backs of the thighs and forelegs, with longer fringing on the ears and tail. Color: All coat colors and markings are allowable and of equal merit. A black mask or a self-colored face is equally acceptable. Regardless of coat color, the exposed skin of the muzzle, nose, lips and eye rims is black. Ears: They are heart-shaped, set on the front corners of the top skull, and lie flat against the head. The leather does not extend below the jaw. Correctly placed ears, with their heavy feathering and long fringing, frame the sides of the face and add to the appearance of a wide, rectangular head. Tail: High set, slightly arched, carried well over the back and free of kinks and curls. Long, profuse, straight fringing may fall to either side. General Appearance: The Pekingese is a well-balanced, compact dog of Chinese origin with a heavy front and lighter hindquarters. Its temperament is one of directness, independence, and individuality. Its image is lionlike, implying courage, dignity, boldness, and self-esteem rather than daintiness or delicacy.

Chow Chow

Origin: China Use: guarders, haulers, and hunters Height: 17-20 in. Weight: 45-70 lbs. Temperament: Keen intelligence, an independent spirit, and innate dignity give an aura of aloofness. It is this breeds nature to be reserved and discerning with strangers. Displays of aggression or timidity are unacceptable. Because of its deep-set eyes, it has limited peripheral vision and is best approached from the front. Coat: There are two types of coats; rough and smooth. Both are double-coated. Rough - In the rough coat, the outer coat is abundant, dense, straight and offstanding, rather coarse in texture; the undercoat soft, thick and wooly. Puppy coat soft, thick and wooly overall. The coat forms a profuse ruff around the head and neck, framing the head. The coat and ruff generally longer in dogs than in bitches. Tail well feathered. The coat length varies markedly on different Chows and thickness, texture and condition should be given greater emphasis than length. Obvious trimming or shaping is undesirable. Trimming of the whiskers, feet and metatarsals optional. Smooth - The smooth coated Chow is judged by the same standard as the rough-coated Chow except that references to the quantity and distribution of the outer coat are not applicable to the smooth-coated Chow, which has a hard, dense, smooth outer coat with a definite undercoat. There should be no obvious ruff or feathering on the legs or tail. Color: Clear colored, solid or solid with lighter shadings in the ruff, tail and featherings. There are five colors in the Chow: red (light golden to deep mahogany), black, blue, cinnamon (light fawn to deep cinnamon) and cream. Ears: small, moderately thick, triangular in shape with a slight rounding at the tip, carried stiffly erect but with a slight forward tilt. Placed wide apart with the inner corner on top of the skull. An ear that flops as the dog moves is very undesirable. Tail: set high and carried closely to the back at all times, following the line of the spine at the start. General Appearance: A powerful, sturdy, squarely built, upstanding dog of Arctic type, medium in size with strong muscular development and heavy bone. The body is compact, short-coupled, broad and deep, the tail set high and carried closely to the back, the whole supported by four straight, strong, sound legs. Viewed from the side, the hind legs have little apparent angulation and the hock joint and metatarsals are directly beneath the hip joint. It is this structure that produces the characteristic shorter, stilted gait unique to the breed. The large head with broad, flat skull and short, broad and deep muzzle is proudly carried and accentuated by a ruff. Elegance and substance must be combined into a well-balanced whole, never so massive as to outweigh his ability to be active, alert and agile. Clothed in a smooth or an offstanding rough double coat, a masterpiece of beauty, dignity, and naturalness.

Chinese Shar Pei

Origin: China Use: hunters, herders, and guardians of livestock Height: 18-20 in. Weight: 45-60 lbs. Temperament: Regal, alert, intelligent, dignified, lordly, scowling, sober and snobbish essentially independent and somewhat standoffish with strangers, but extreme in his devotion to his family. Stands firmly on the ground with a calm, confident stature. Coat: The extremely harsh coat is one of the distinguishing features of the breed. The coat is absolutely straight and off standing on the main trunk of the body but generally lies somewhat flatter on the limbs. The coat appears healthy without being shiny or lustrous. Acceptable coat lengths may range from extremely short "horse coat" up to the "brush coat," not to exceed 1 inch in length at the withers. Color: Only solid colors and sable are acceptable and are to be judged on an equal basis. A solid color dog may have shading, primarily darker, down the back and on the ears. The shading must be variations of the same body color and may include darker hairs throughout the coat. Ears: extremely small, rather thick, equilateral triangles in shape, slightly rounded at the tips; edges of the ear may curl. Ears lie flat against the head, are set high, wide apart and forward on the skull, pointing toward the eyes. The ears have the ability to move. Tail: the high set tail is a characteristic feature of the Shar-Pei. A low set tail shall be faulted. The tail is thick and round at the base, tapering to a fine point and curling over or to either side of the back. General Appearance: An alert, compact dog of medium size and substance; square in profile, close coupled; the well-proportioned head slightly but not overly large for the body. The short, harsh coat, the loose skin covering the head and body, the small ears, the "hippopotamus" muzzle shape, and the high set tail impart a unique look peculiar to him alone. The loose skin and wrinkles covering the head, neck, and body are superabundant in puppies but these features may be limited to the head, neck and withers in the adult.

Parson Russell Terrier

Origin: England Use: Fox hunter Height: 13-14 in. Weight: 13-17 lbs. Temperament: Bold and friendly. Athletic and clever. At work he is a game hunter, tenacious, courageous, and single-minded. Playful, exuberant and overwhelmingly affectionate. Color: White, white with black or tan markings, or a combination of these, tricolor. Colors are clear. As long as the terrier is predominantly white, moderate body markings are not to be faulted. Grizzle is acceptable and should not be confused with brindle Coat: Smooth and Broken: Whether smooth or broken, a double coat of good sheen, naturally harsh, close and dense, straight with no suggestion of kink. There is a clear outline with only a hint of eyebrows and beard if natural to the coat. No sculptured furnishings. The terrier is shown in his natural appearance not excessively groomed. Sculpturing is to be severely penalized. Ears: Small "V"- shaped drop ears of moderate thickness carried forward close to the head with the tip so as to cover the orifice and pointing toward the eye. Fold is level with the top of the skull or slightly above. When alert, ear tips do not extend below the corner of the eye. Tail: Docked so the tip is approximately level to the skull. Set on not too high, but so that a level topline, with a very slight arch over the loin, is maintained. Carried gaily when in motion, but when baiting or at rest may be held level but not below the horizontal General Appearance: To function as a working terrier, he must possess certain characteristics: a ready attitude, alert and confident; balance in height and length; medium in size and bone, suggesting strength and endurance. Important to breed type is a natural appearance: harsh, weatherproof coat with a compact construction and clean silhouette. The coat is broken or smooth. He has a small, flexible chest to enable him to pursue his quarry underground and sufficient length of leg to follow the hounds.

Bullmastiff

Origin: England Use: Guard dog Height: 24-27 in. Weight: 100-130 lbs. Temperament: Fearless and confident yet docile. The dog combines the reliability, intelligence, and willingness to please required in a dependable family companion and protector. Color: Red, fawn, or brindle. Except for a very small white spot on the chest, white marking is considered a fault Coat: Short and dense, giving good weather protection. Ears: V-shaped and carried close to the cheeks, set on wide and high, level with occupant and cheeks, giving a square appearance to the skull; darker in color than the body and medium in size. Tail: Set on high, strong at the root, and tapering to the hocks. It may be straight or curved, but never carried hound fashion General appearance: That of a symmetrical animal, showing great strength, endurance, and alertness; powerfully built but active. The foundation breeding was 60 percent Mastiff and 40 percent Bulldog. The breed was developed in England by gamekeepers for protection against poachers.

Yorkshire Terrier

Origin: England Use: Ratter or companion Height: 7-8 in. Weight: 4-7 lbs. Temperament: Coat: Hair is glossy, fine and silky in texture. Coat on the body is moderately long and perfectly straight (not wavy). Color: Puppies are born black and tan and are normally darker in body color, showing an intermingling of black hair in the tan until they are matured. Color of hair on body and richness of tan on head and legs are of prime importance in adult dogs, to which the following color requirements apply: Blue-Is a dark steel-blue, not a silver-blue and not mingled with fawn, bronzy or black hairs. Tan-All tan hair is darker at the roots than in the middle, shading to still lighter tan at the tips. There should be no sooty or black hair intermingled with any of the tans. Ears: small, V-shaped, carried erect and set not too far apart. Tail: Docked to a medium length and carried slightly higher than the level of the back. General Appearance: That of a long-haired toy terrier whose blue and tan coat is parted on the face and from the base of the skull to the end of the tail and hangs evenly and quite straight down each side of the body. The body is neat, compact and well proportioned. The dog's high head carriage and confident manner should give the appearance of vigor and self-importance.

Old English Sheepdog

Origin: England Use: Sheep or cattle driver Height: 21 in and up Weight: 60-100 lbs. Temperament: An adaptable, intelligent dog of even disposition, with no sign of aggression, shyness or nervousness. Coat: Profuse, but not so excessive as to give the impression of the dog being overly fat, and of a good hard texture; not straight, but shaggy and free from curl. Quality and texture of coat to be considered above mere profuseness. Softness or flatness of coat to be considered a fault. The undercoat is a waterproof pile when not removed by grooming or season. Ears coated moderately. The whole skull well covered with hair. The neck well coated with hair. The forelegs well coated all around. The hams densely coated with a thick, long jacket in excess of any other part. Neither the natural outline nor the natural texture of the coat may be changed by any artificial means except that the feet and rear may be trimmed for cleanliness. Color: Any shade of gray, grizzle, blue or blue merle with or without white markings or in reverse. Ears: Medium-sized and carried flat to the side of the head. Tail: Docked close to the body, when not naturally bob tailed. General Appearance; A strong, compact, square, balanced dog. Taking him all around, he is profusely, but not excessively coated, thickset, muscular and able-bodied. These qualities, combined with his agility, fit him for the demanding tasks required of a shepherd's or drover's dog. Therefore, soundness is of the greatest importance. His bark is loud with a distinctive "pot-casse" ring in it.

Miniature Bull Terrier

Origin: England Use: Vermin hunter and watchdog Height: 10-14 in. Weight: 18-28 lbs Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Wire Fox Terrier

Origin: England Use: Vermin hunter or watchdog Height: 15.5 in at the shoulder to not be exceeded Weight: 18 lbs Temperament: Alert, quick of movement, keen of expression, on the tip-toe of expectation at the slightest provocation Color: White should predominate; brindle, red, liver or slaty blue are objectionable Coat: The best coats appear to be broken, the hairs having a tendency to twist, and are of dense, wiry texture - like coconut matting - the hairs growing so closely and strongly together that, when parted with the fingers, the skin cannot be seen. At the base of these stiff hairs is a shorter growth of finer and softer hair - termed the undercoat. The coat on the sides is never quite so hard as that on the back and quarters. Some of the hardest coats are "crinkly" or slightly waved, but a curly coat is very objectionable. Ears: small and V-shaped and of moderate thickness, the flaps neatly folded over and dropping forward close to the cheeks. The top line of the folded ear should be well above the level of the skull. A pendulous ear, hanging dead by the side of the head like a Hound's, is uncharacteristic, while an ear which is semierect is still more undesirable Tail: Set on rather high, carried gaily but not curled. should be of good strength and substance and of fair length-a three-quarters dock is about right General Appearance: Should be alert, quick of movement, keen of expression, on the tip-toe of expectation at the slightest provocation. Character is imparted by the expression of the eyes and by the carriage of ears and tail. Bone and strength in a small compass are essential, but this must not be taken to mean should be "cloddy," or in any way coarse - speed and endurance being requisite as well as power. The Terrier must on no account be leggy, nor must he be too short on the leg. He should stand like a cleverly made, short-backed hunter, covering a lot of ground. N.B. Old scars or injuries, the result of work or accident, should not be allowed to prejudice a Terrier's chance in the show ring, unless they interfere with its movement or with its utility for work or stud

Boston Terrier

Origin: England Use: companion Height: 15-17 in. Weight: 12-25 lbs: Temperament: a friendly and lively dog. The breed has an excellent disposition and a high degree of intelligence, which makes an incomparable companion. Coat: The coat is short, smooth, bright and fine in texture. Color: Brindle, seal, or black with white markings. Brindle is preferred only if all other qualities are equal. Ears: small, carried erect, either natural or cropped to conform to the shape of the head and situated as near to the corners of the skull as possible. Tail: set on low, short, fine and tapering, straight or screw and must not be carried above the horizontal. General Appearance: a lively, highly intelligent, smooth coated, short-headed, compactly built, short-tailed, well-balanced dog, brindle, seal or black in color and evenly marked with white. The head is in proportion to the size of the dog and the expression indicates a high degree of intelligence.The body is rather short and well-knit, the limbs strong and neatly turned, the tail is short and no feature is so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned. The dog conveys an impression of determination, strength, and activity, with style of a high order; carriage easy and graceful. American gentleman

Smooth Fox Terrier

Origin: England Use: vermin hunter or watchdog Height: Should not exceed 15.5 in at shoulder Weight: 18 lbs Temperament: Gay, lively and active appearance Color: White should predominate; brindle, red or liver markings are objectionable Coat: Should be smooth, flat, but hard, dense and abundant. The belly and underside of the thighs should not be bare. Ears: should be V-shaped and small, of moderate thickness, and dropping forward close to the cheek, not hanging by the side of the head like a Foxhound. The top line of the folded ear should be well above the level of the skull. Tail: General Appearance: like the Hound, must on no account be leggy, nor must he be too short in the leg. He should stand like a cleverly made hunter, covering a lot of ground, yet with a short back, as stated below. He will then attain the highest degree of propelling power, together with the greatest length of stride that is compatible with the length of his body.

Steps of Neonatal care

Patent Airway Dry and warm Treat umbilicus First feeding Weening

Mastiff

Origin: England and Egypt Use: Guard dog Height: 27.5-30 in Weight: 120-230 lbs. Temperament: Color: Fawn, apricot, or brindle. Brindle should have fawn or apricot as a background color which should be completely covered with very dark stripes. Muzzle, ears, and nose must be dark in color, the blacker the better, with similar color tone around the eye orbits and extending upward between them. A small patch of white on the chest is permitted. Coat: Outer coat straight, coarse, and of moderately short length. Undercoat dense, short, and close lying. Coat should not be so long as to produce "fringe" on the belly, tail, or hind legs Ears: Small in proportion to the skull, V-shaped, rounded at the tips. Leather moderately thin, set widely apart at the highest points on the sides of the skull continuing the outline across the summit. They should lie close to the cheeks when in repose. Ears dark in color, the blacker the better, conforming to the color of the muzzle Tail: set on moderately high and reaching to the hocks or a little below. Wide at the root, tapering to the end, hanging straight in repose, forming a slight curve, but never over the back when the dog is in motion General Appearance: a large, massive, symmetrical dog with a well-knit frame. The impression is one of grandeur and dignity. Dogs are more massive throughout. Bitches should not be faulted for being somewhat smaller in all dimensions while maintaining a proportionally powerful structure. A good evaluation considers the positive qualities of type and soundness with equal weight.

Dalmation

Origin: Europe, Asia, Africa Use: Ratter, mascot, bird dog, trail hound, retriever, war dog, draft dog, shepherd, fire apparatus follower, original and only coaching dog Height: 19-24 in. Weight: 40-70 lbs. Temperament: stable and outgoing, yet dignified. Coat: The coat is short, dense, fine and close-fitting. It is neither woolly nor silky. It is sleek, glossy and healthy in appearance. Color: Color and markings and their overall appearance are very important points to be evaluated. The ground color is pure white. In black-spotted dogs, the spots are dense black. In liver-spotted dogs, the spots are liver brown Ears: are of moderate size, proportionately wide at the base and gradually tapering to a rounded tip. They are set rather high, and are carried close to the head, and are thin and fine in texture. When the Dalmatian is alert, the top of the ear is level with the top of the skull and the tip of the ear reaches the bottom line of the cheek. The nose is completely pigmented on the leather, black in black-spotted dogs and brown in liver-spotted dogs. Tail: a natural extension of the topline. It is not inserted too low down. It is strong at the insertion and tapers to the tip, which reaches to the hock. It is never docked. The tail is carried with a slight upward curve but should never curl over the back. General Appearance: a distinctively spotted dog; poised and alert; strong, muscular and active; free of shyness; intelligent in expression; symmetrical in outline; and without exaggeration or coarseness. Is capable of great endurance, combined with fair amount of speed. Deviations from the described ideal should be penalized in direct proportion to the degree of the deviation.

Standard Poodle

Origin: France Use: Height: Over 15 in. Weight: 40-70 lbs. Temperament: Carrying himself proudly, very active, intelligent, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself. Coat: Curly: of naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. (2) Corded: hanging in tight even cords of varying length; longer on mane or body coat, head, and ears; shorter on puffs, bracelets, and pompons. Color: The coat is an even and solid color at the skin. In blues, grays, silvers, browns, cafe-au-laits, apricots and creams the coat may show varying shades of the same color. This is frequently present in the somewhat darker feathering of the ears and in the tipping of the ruff. While clear colors are definitely preferred, such natural variation in the shading of the coat is not to be considered a fault. Brown and cafe-au-lait Poodles have liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, dark toenails and dark amber eyes. Black, blue, gray, silver, cream and white Poodles have black noses, eye-rims and lips, black or self-colored toenails and very dark eyes. In the apricots, while the foregoing coloring is preferred, liver-colored noses,eye-rims and lips, and amber eyes are permitted but are not desirable. Ears: Hanging close to the head, set at or slightly below eye level. The ear leather is long, wide and thickly feathered; however, the ear fringe should not be of excessive length. Tail: Tail straight, set on high and carried up, docked of sufficient length to insure a balanced outline. General Appearance: That of a very active, intelligent and elegant-appearing dog, squarely built, well proportioned, moving soundly and carrying himself proudly. Properly clipped in the traditional fashion and carefully groomed, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself.

French Bulldog

Origin: France and England Use: companion Height: 11-13 in. Weight: Under 28 lbs. Temperament: Well behaved, adaptable, and comfortable companions with an affectionate nature and even disposition; generally active, alert, and playful, but not unduly boisterous. Coat: moderately fine, brilliant, short and smooth. Skin is soft and loose, especially at the head and shoulders, forming wrinkles. Color: Acceptable colors: white, cream, fawn (ranging from light fawn to a red fawn), or any combinations of the foregoing Ears: Known as the bat ear, broad at the base, elongated, with round top, set high on the head but not too close together, and carried erect with the orifice to the front. The leather of the ear fine and soft. Tail: is either straight or screwed (but not curly), short, hung low, thick root and fine tip; carried low in repose. General Appearance: has the appearance of an active, intelligent, muscular dog of heavy bone, smooth coat, compactly built, and of medium or small structure. Expression alert, curious, and interested. Any alteration other than removal of dewclaws is considered mutilation and is a disqualification. Proportion and Symmetry - All points are well distributed and bear good relation one to the other; no feature being in such prominence from either excess or lack of quality that the animal appears poorly proportioned.

Doberman Pinscher

Origin: Germany Use: Guard dogs Height: 24-28 in Weight: 60-100 lbs Temperament: Energetic, watchful, determined, alert, fearless, loyal and obedient. Color: Allowed Colors-Black, red, blue, and fawn (Isabella). Markings-Rust, sharply defined, appearing above each eye and on muzzle, throat and fore chest, on all legs and feet, and below the tail. White patch on chest, not exceeding ½ square inch, permissible Coat: Smooth-haired, short, hard, thick and close lying. Invisible gray undercoat on neck permissible. Ears: Normally cropped and carried erect. The upper attachment of the ear, when held erect, is on a level with the top of the skull. Tail: docked at the approximately second joint, appears to be a continuation of the spine, and is carried only slightly above the horizontal when the dog is alert. General Appearance: appearance is that of a dog of medium size, with a body that is square. Compactly built, muscular and powerful, for great endurance and speed. Elegant in appearance, of proud carriage, reflecting great nobility and temperament. Energetic, watchful, determined, alert, fearless, loyal and obedient.

Papillon

Origin: France and Spain Use: Companion Height: 8-11 in. Weight: 5-10 lbs. Temperament: Happy, alert, and friendly. Neither shy nor aggressive. Coat: Abundant, long, fine, silky, flowing, straight with resilient quality, flat on back and sides of body. A profuse frill on chest. There is no undercoat. Hair short and close on skull, muzzle, front of forelegs, and from hind feet to hocks. Ears well fringed, with the inside covered with silken hair of medium length. Backs of the forelegs are covered with feathers diminishing to the pasterns. Hind legs are covered to the hocks with abundant breeches (culottes). Tail is covered with a long, flowing plume. Hair on feet is short, but fine tufts may appear over toes and grow beyond them, forming a point. Color: Always parti-color or white with patches of any color(s). On the head, color(s) other than white must cover both ears, back and front, and extend without interruption from the ears over both eyes. A clearly defined white blaze and noseband are preferred to a solidly marked head. Ears: The ears of either the erect or drop type should be large with rounded tips, and set on the sides and toward the back of the head. (1) Ears of the erect type are carried obliquely and move like the spread wings of a butterfly. When alert, each ear forms an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the head. The leather should be of sufficient strength to maintain the erect position. (2) Ears of the drop type, known as the Phalene, are similar to the erect type, but are carried drooping and must be completely down Tail: long, set high and carried well arched over the body. The tail is covered with a long, flowing plume. The plume may hang to either side of the body. General Appearance: a small, friendly, elegant toy dog of fine-boned structure, light, dainty and of lively action; distinguished from other breeds by its beautiful butterfly-like ears.

Miniature Poodle

Origin: Germany Use: Companion Height: 15 inches or under Weight: Temperament: Carrying himself proudly, very active, intelligent, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself. Coat: Curly: of naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. (2) Corded: hanging in tight even cords of varying length; longer on mane or body coat, head, and ears; shorter on puffs, bracelets, and pompons. Color: The coat is an even and solid color at the skin. In blues, grays, silvers, browns, cafe-au-laits, apricots and creams the coat may show varying shades of the same color. This is frequently present in the somewhat darker feathering of the ears and in the tipping of the ruff. While clear colors are definitely preferred, such natural variation in the shading of the coat is not to be considered a fault. Brown and cafe-au-lait Poodles have liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, dark toenails and dark amber eyes. Black, blue, gray, silver, cream and white Poodles have black noses, eye-rims and lips, black or self-colored toenails and very dark eyes. In the apricots, while the foregoing coloring is preferred, liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, and amber eyes are permitted but are not desirable. Ears: hanging close to the head, set at or slightly below eye level. The ear leather is long, wide and thickly feathered; however, the ear fringe should not be of excessive length. Tail: Tail straight, set on high and carried up, docked of sufficient length to insure a balanced outline. General Appearance: That of a very active, intelligent and elegant-appearing dog, squarely built, well proportioned, moving soundly and carrying himself proudly. Properly clipped in the traditional fashion and carefully groomed, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself.

Miniature Pinscher

Origin: Germany Use: Companion or rat hunter Height: 10-12.5 in. Weight: 8-10 lbs. Temperament: Fearless animation, complete self-possession, and spirited presence. Coat: Smooth, hard and short, straight and lustrous, closely adhering to and uniformly covering the body. Color: Solid clear red. Stag red (red with intermingling of black hairs). Black with sharply defined rust-red markings on cheeks, lips, lower jaw, throat, twin spots above eyes and chest, lower half of forelegs, inside of hind legs and vent region, lower portion of hocks and feet. Black pencil stripes on toes. Chocolate with rust-red markings the same as specified for blacks, except brown pencil stripes on toes. Ears: set high, standing erect from base to tip. May be cropped or uncropped. Tail: set high, held erect, docked in proportion to size of dog. General Appearance: The Miniature Pinscher is structurally a well balanced, sturdy, compact, short-coupled, smooth-coated dog. He naturally is well-groomed, proud, vigorous and alert. Characteristic traits are his hackney-like action, fearless animation, complete self-possession, and his spirited presence. Known as the king of toys

Toy Poodle

Origin: Germany Use: Companion, used in circus and performances Height: No more than 10 in. Weight: 4-6 lbs. Temperament: Carrying himself proudly, very active, intelligent, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself. Coat: Curly: of naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. (2) Corded: hanging in tight even cords of varying length; longer on mane or body coat, head, and ears; shorter on puffs, bracelets, and pompons. (b) Clip - under 12 months may be shown in the "Puppy" clip. Color: solid color at the skin. In blues, grays, silvers, browns, cafe-au-laits, apricots and creams the coat may show varying shades of the same color Ears: hanging close to the head, set at or slightly below eye level. The ear leather is long, wide and thickly feathered; however, the ear fringe should not be of excessive length. Tail: General Appearance: very active, intelligent and elegant-appearing dog, squarely built, well proportioned, moving soundly and carrying himself proudly. Properly clipped in the traditional fashion and carefully groomed, has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself.

Miniature Schnauzer

Origin: Germany Use: Farm dog or companion Height: 12-14 in Weight: 11-20 lbs. Temperament: Alert and spirited, yet obedient to command. He is friendly, intelligent and willing to please. He should never be over aggressive or timid. Color: Salt and pepper, black and silver, and solid black Coat: Double, with hard, wiry, outer coat and close undercoat. The head, neck, ears, chest, tail, and body coat must be plucked. When in show condition, the body coat should be of sufficient length to determine texture. Close covering on neck, ears, and skull. Furnishings are fairly thick but not silky. Faults - Coat too soft or too smooth and slick in appearance. Ears: When cropped, the ears are identical in shape and length, with pointed tips. They are in balance with the head and not exaggerated in length. They are set high on the skull and carried perpendicularly at the inner edges, with as little bell as possible along the outer edges. When uncropped, the ears are small and V-shaped, folding close to the skull. Tail: set high and carried erect. It is docked only long enough to be clearly visible over the backline of the body when the dog is in proper length of coat. A properly presented Miniature Schnauzer will have a docked tail as described; all others should be severely penalized. Fault - Tail set too low. General Appearance: The Miniature Schnauzer is a robust, active dog of terrier type, resembling his larger cousin, the Standard Schnauzer, in general appearance, and of an alert, active disposition. Faults - Type - Toyishness, ranginess or coarseness.

German Shepherd Dog

Origin: Germany Use: Herding or police work Height: 22-26 in. Weight: 50-90 lbs. Temperament: Confident, courageous, and smart Coat: The ideal dog has a double coat of medium length. The outer coat should be as dense as possible, hair straight, harsh and lying close to the body. A slightly wavy outer coat, often of wiry texture, is permissible. The head, including the inner ear and fore face, and the legs and paws are covered with short hair and the neck with longer and thicker hair. The rear of the forelegs and hind legs has somewhat longer hair extending to the pastern and hock, respectively. Color: varies in color, and most colors are permissible. Strong rich colors are preferred. Ears: moderately pointed, in proportion to the skull, open toward the front, and carried erect when at attention, the ideal carriage being one in which the center lines of the ears, viewed from the front, are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground. Tail: bushy, with the last vertebra extended at least to the hock joint. It is set smoothly into the croup and low rather than high. At rest, the tail hangs in a slight curve like a saber. A slight hook-sometimes carried to one side-is faulty only to the extent that it mars general appearance. When the dog is excited or in motion, the curve is accentuated and the tail raised, but it should never be curled forward beyond a vertical line General Appearance: strong, agile, well-muscled animal, alert and full of life. It is well balanced, with harmonious development of the forequarter and hindquarter. Longer than tall, deep-bodied, presents an outline of smooth curves rather than angles.

Boxer

Origin: Germany Use: Larg game hunter, guard dog and companion. Height: 21.5-25 in. Weight: 65-80 Temperament: Instinctively a hearing guard dog, his bearing is alert, dignified, and self-assured. In the show ring his behavior should exhibit constrained animation. With family and friends, his temperament is fundamentally playful, yet patient and stoical with children. Deliberate and wary with strangers, he will exhibit curiosity, but, most importantly, fearless courage if threatened. However, he responds promptly to friendly overtures honestly rendered. His intelligence, loyal affection, and tractability to discipline make him a highly desirable companion. Color: The colors are fawn and brindle. Fawn shades vary from light tan to mahogany. The brindle ranges from sparse but clearly defined black stripes on a fawn background to such a heavy concentration of black striping that the essential fawn background color barely, although clearly, shows through (which may create the appearance of reverse brindling). White markings, if present, should be of such distribution as to enhance the dog's appearance, but may not exceed one-third of the entire coat. Coat: Short, shiny, lying smooth and tight to the body Ears: Set at the highest points of the sides of the skull, the ears are customarily cropped, cut rather long and tapering, and raised when alert. General Appearance: The ideal size is a medium-sized, square-built dog of good substance with short back, strong limbs, and short, tight-fitting coat. His well-developed muscles are clean, hard, and appear smooth under taut skin. His movements denote energy. The gait is firm yet elastic, the stride free and ground-covering, the carriage proud. Developed to serve as guard, working, and companion dog, he combines strength and agility with elegance and style. His expression is alert and his temperament steadfast and tractable.The chiseled head imparts to the Boxer a unique individual stamp. It must be in correct proportion to the body. The broad, blunt muzzle is the distinctive feature, and great value is placed upon its being of proper form and balance with the skull.

Great Dane

Origin: Germany Use: Protector of their homes and loved ones Height: 28-32 in. Weight: 110-175 lbs. Temperament: Must be spirited, courageous, always friendly, dependable and never timid or aggressive. Color: Brindle-yellow gold and always be brindled with black cross stripes Fawn-yellow gold Blue-pure steel blue. Black-glossy black. Harlequin-white with black torn patches Mantle-Black and white with a black blanket extending over the body Merle-pale gray to dark gray merle base color with black torn patches within Coat: The coat shall be short, thick and clean with a smooth glossy appearance. Ears: Shall be high set, medium in size and of moderate thickness folded forward close to the cheek. The top line of the folded ear should be level with the skull. If cropped, the ear length is in proportion to the size of the head and the ears are carried uniformly erect Tail: should be set high and smoothly into the croup, but not quite level with the back, a continuation of the spine. The tail should be broad at the base, tapering uniformly down to the hock joint. At rest, the tail should fall straight. When excited or running, it may curve slightly, but never above the level of the back General Appearance: Combines, in its regal appearance, dignity, strength, and elegance with great size and a powerful, well-formed, smoothly muscled body. It is one of the giant working breeds but is unique in that its general conformation must be so well balanced that it never appears clumsy and shall move with a long reach and powerful drive. It is always a unit-the Apollo of dogs. Must be spirited, courageous, never timid; always friendly and dependable. This physical and mental combination is the characteristic that gives this breed the majesty possessed by no other breed. It is particularly true of this breed that there is an impression of great masculinity in dogs, as compared to an impression of femininity in bitches.

Standard Schnauzer

Origin: Germany Use: Rat catcher guard dog Height: 17.5-19.5 in. Weight: 30-50 lbs. Temperament: Highly developed senses, intelligence, aptitude for training, fearlessness, endurance and resistance against weather and illness. His nature combines high-spirited temperament with extreme reliability. Color: Pepper and salt or pure black Coat: Tight, hard, wiry and as thick as possible, composed of a soft, close undercoat and a harsh outer coat which, when seen against the grain, stands up off the back, lying neither smooth nor flat. The outer coat (body coat) is trimmed (by plucking) only to accent the body outline.As coat texture is of the greatest importance, a dog may be considered in show coat with back hair measuring from 3/4 to 2 inches in length. Coat on the ears, head, neck, chest, belly and under the tail may be closely trimmed to give the desired typical appearance of the breed. On the muzzle and over the eyes the coat lengthens to form the beard and eyebrows; the hair on the legs is longer than that on the body. These "furnishings" should be of harsh texture and should not be so profuse as to detract from the neat appearance or working capabilities of the dog. Ears: Set high, evenly shaped with moderate thickness of leather and carried erect when cropped. If uncropped, they are of medium size, V-shaped and mobile so that they break at skull level and are carried forward with the inner edge close to the cheek Tail: Set moderately high and carried erect. It is docked to not less than one inch or more than two inches General Appearance: A robust, heavy-set dog sturdily built with good muscle and plenty of bone; square-built in proportion of body length to height. His rugged build and dense harsh coat are accentuated by the hallmark of the breed, the arched eyebrows, and the bristly mustache and whiskers.

Giant Schnauzer

Origin: Germany, Bavarian Alps Use: Cattle Driver Height: 23.5-27.5 in. Weight: 55-85 lbs. Temperament: Combines spirit and alertness with intelligence and reliability. Composed, watchful, courageous, easily trained, deeply loyal to family, playful, amiable in repose, and a commanding figure when aroused. The sound, reliable temperament, rugged build, and dense weather-resistant wiry coat make for one of the most useful, powerful, and enduring working breeds Color: Solid black or pepper and salt. Black-A truly pure black. A small white spot on the breast is permitted; any other markings are disqualifying faults. Pepper and Salt-Outer coat of a combination of banded hairs(white with black and black with white) and some black and white hairs, appearing gray from a short distance. Ideally: an intensely pigmented medium gray shade with "peppering" evenly distributed throughout the coat, and a gray undercoat. Acceptable: all shades of pepper and salt from dark iron-gray to silver-gray. Every shade of the coat has a dark facial mask to emphasize the expression; the color of the mask harmonizes with the shade of the body coat Coat: Hard, wiry, very dense; composed of a soft undercoat and a harsh outer coat which, when seen against the grain, stands slightly up off the back, lying neither smooth nor flat. Coarse hair on top of head; harsh beard and eyebrows, the breed hallmark Ears: When cropped, identical in shape and length with pointed tips. They are in balance with the head and are not exaggerated in length. They are set high on the skull and carried perpendicularly at the inner edges with as little bell as possible along the other edges. When uncropped, the ears are V-shaped button ears of medium length and thickness, set high and carried rather high and close to the head. Tail: Set moderately high and carried high in excitement. It should be docked to the second or not more than the third joint (approximately one and one-half to about three inches long at maturity) General Appearance: It should resemble, as nearly as possible, in general appearance, a larger and more powerful version of the Standard breed, on the whole, a bold and valiant figure of a dog. Robust, strongly built, nearly square in proportion of body length to height at withers, active, sturdy, and well-muscled.

Pomeranian

Origin: Germany/Poland Use: Companion or competitive show dog Height: 6-7 in. Weight: 3-7 lbs. Temperament: an extrovert, exhibiting great intelligence and a vivacious spirit, making him a great companion dog as well as a competitive show dog. Coat: The Pomeranian is a double-coated breed. The body should be well covered with a short, dense undercoat with long harsh-textured guard hair growing through, forming the longer abundant outer coat which stands off from the body. The coat should form a ruff around the neck, framing the head, extending over the shoulders and chest. Color: All colors, patterns, and variations there-of are allowed and must be judged on an equal basis. Brindle, Parti, extreme piebald, piebald, Irish, tan points Ears: small, mounted high and carried erect. Proper ear set should be favored oversize Tail: heavily plumed, set high and lies flat and straight on the back General Appearance: The Pomeranian is a compact, short-backed, active toy dog of Nordic descent. The double coat consists of a short dense undercoat with a profuse harsh-textured longer outer coat. The heavily plumed tail is one of the characteristics of the breed. It is set high and lies flat on the back. He is alert in character, exhibits intelligence in expression, is buoyant in deportment, and is inquisitive by nature. The Pomeranian is cocky, commanding, and animated as he gaits. He is sound in composition and action. Common to have heart disease or to have difficulty breathing when excited

Lhasa Apso

Origin: Himalayan Mountains Use: Companion, watchdog Height: 10-11 in. Weight: 12-18 lbs Temperament: Alert and sensitive to their surroundings, are usually gay and assertive but may be chary/aloof with strangers. Their regal attitude gives them an air of seriousness. The breed is extremely intelligent, charming and loyal. Coat: Heavy, straight, hard, not woolly nor silky, of good length, and very dense. Color: All colors equally acceptable. Ears: Pendant, set slightly above eye level and carried close to the cheeks, heavily feathered. Tail: Well feathered and set sufficiently high to enable the tail to be carried well over the back in a curl lying to the side; there may be a kink at the end. Low carriage of stern is a serious fault. This means that when the Lhasa is moving, the tail is carried well over the back. General Appearance: Reflecting his Tibetan heritage as an indoor sentinel on the Tibetan Plateau, north of the Himalayan Mountains, this breed is a small, sturdy, well-balanced rectangular dog of moderation possessing a level topline and a tail carried well over the back. There should be neither exaggeration of any body parts nor hint of massive bone or body. A distinguishing characteristic of the Lhasa Apso is its heavy, dense, double coat that is parted in the middle from head to tail. In addition, has good head fall and well-feathered feet and legs as these features protected this small dog against extreme temperatures and the rough terrain of his native land.

Komondor

Origin: Hungary Use: Livestock guardian dog Height: 25.5- 27.5 in. Weight: 80-100 lbs Temperament: Loyal, dignified and brave Color: The color of the coat is white, but not always the pure white of a brushed coat. A small amount of cream or buff shading is sometimes seen in puppies, but fades with maturity. In the ideal specimen, the skin is gray. Coat: Characteristic of the breed is the dense, protective coat. The puppy coat is relatively soft, but it shows a tendency to fall into cord-like curls. The young adult coat, or intermediate coat, consists of very short cords next to the skin which may be obscured by the sometimes lumpy looking fluff on the outer ends of the cords. The mature coat consists of a dense, soft, woolly undercoat much like the puppy coat, and a coarser outer coat that is wavy or curly. The coarser hairs of the outer coat trap the softer undercoat, forming permanent, strong cords that are felt-like to the touch. A grown dog is entirely covered with a heavy coat of these tassel-like cords, which form naturally. Ears: In shape, the ear is an elongated triangle with a slightly rounded tip. Medium-set and hanging and long enough to reach the inner corner of the eye on the opposite side of the head. Tail: A continuation of the rump line, hanging, and long enough to reach the hocks. Slightly curved upwards and/or to one side at its end. Even when the dog is moving or excited, the greater part of the tail is raised no higher than the level of the back. General Appearance: Characterized by imposing strength, dignity, courageous demeanor, and pleasing conformation. He is a large, muscular dog with plenty of bone and substance, covered with an unusual, heavy coat of white cords. The working dog lives during the greater part of the year in the open, and his coat serves to help him blend in with his flock and to protect him from extremes of weather and beasts of prey. Nature and Characteristics: A flock guardian, not a herder. Originally developed in Hungary to guard large herds of animals on the open plains, this breed was charged with protecting the herd by himself, with no assistance and no commands from his master. The mature, experienced dog tends to stay close to his charges, whether a flock or family; he is unlikely to be drawn away from them in a chase, and typically doesn't wander far. Though very sensitive to the desires of his master, heavy-handed training will produce a stubborn, unhappy canine. While reserved with strangers, he is demonstrative with those he loves, selflessly devoted to his family and his charges, and will defend them against any attack. The combination of this devotion to all things dear to him and the desire to take responsibility for them produces an excellent guardian of herds or home, vigilant, courageous, and very faithful.

Italian Greyhound

Origin: Italy Use: Companion and small game hunter Height: 13-15 in. Weight: 7-14 lbs Temperament: Energetic, kind, needs frequent walks, playful, alert, sensitive Coat: Skin fine and supple, hair short, glossy like satin and soft to the touch Color: Any color and markings are acceptable except that a dog with brindle markings and a dog with the tan markings normally found on black-and-tan dogs of other breeds must be disqualified Ears: Small, fine in texture; thrown back and folded except when alerted, then carried folded at right angles to the head Tail: Slender and tapering to a curved end, long enough to reach the hock; set low, carried low. General Appearance: very similar to the larger breed, but much smaller and more slender in all proportions and of ideal elegance and grace.

Akita

Origin: Japan Use: Bear hunter or guard dog Height: 24-28 in. Weight: 70-130 lbs. Temperament: Alert and responsive, dignified and courageous. may be intolerant of other dogs, particularly of the same sex. Like to be pack leaders. Will groom itself like a cat. statue signifies health, happiness and long life Color: Any color including white; brindle; or pinto. Colors are rich, brilliant and clear. Markings are well balanced, with or without mask or blaze. Whites have no mask. Pinto has a white background with large, evenly placed patches covering the head and more than one-third of the body. The undercoat may be a different color from the outer coat Coat: Double-coated. Undercoat thick, soft, dense and shorter than outer coat. Outer coat straight, harsh and standing somewhat off body. Hair on head, legs and ears short. Length of hair at withers and rump approximately two inches, which is slightly longer than on rest of body, except tail, where coatis longest and most profuse. Ears: The ears of this breed are characteristic of the breed. They are strongly erect and small in relation to rest of head. If ear is folded forward for measuring length, tip will touch upper eye rim. Ears are triangular, slightly rounded at tip, wide at base, set wide on head but not too low, and carried slightly forward over eyes in line with back of neck. Tail: Large and full, set high and carried over back or against flank in a three-quarter, full, or double curl, always dipping to or below level of back. On a three-quarter curl, tip drops well down flank. Root large and strong. Tail bone reaches hock when let down. Hair coarse, straight and full, with no appearance of a plume. General Appearance: Large, powerful, alert, with much substance and heavy bone. The broad head, forming a blunt triangle, with deep muzzle, small eyes and erect ears carried forward in line with back of neck, is characteristic of the breed. The large, curled tail, balancing the broadhead, is also characteristic of the breed.

Shiba Inu

Origin: Japan Use: bird or small game hunter Height: 13.5-16.5 in. Weight: 17-23 lbs. Temperament: A spirited boldness, a good nature, and an unaffected forthrightness, which together yield dignity and natural beauty. has an independent nature and can be reserved toward strangers but is loyal and affectionate to those who earn his respect. At times aggressive toward other dogs, the Shiba is always under the control of his handler. Coat: Double coated with the outer coat being stiff and straight and the undercoat soft and thick. Fur is short and even on face, ears, and legs. Guard hairs stand off the body are about 1½ to 2 inches in length at the withers. Tail hair is slightly longer and stands open in a brush. It is preferred that it be presented in a natural state. Color: Coat color is as specified herein, with the three allowed colors given equal consideration. All colors are clear and intense. The undercoat is cream, buff or gray. Ears: triangular in shape, firmly pricked and small, but in proportion to head and body size. Ears are set well apart and tilt directly forward with the slant of the back of the ear following the arch of the neck. Tail: Is thick and powerful and is carried over the back in a sickle or curled position. A loose single curl or sickle tail pointing vigorously toward the neck and nearly parallel to the back is preferred. A double curl or sickle tail pointing upward is acceptable. In length, the tail reaches nearly to the hock joint when extended. Tail is set high. General Appearance: the smallest of the Japanese native breeds of dog and was originally developed for hunting by sight and scent in the dense undergrowth of Japan's mountainous areas. Alert and agile with keen senses, he is also an excellent watchdog and companion. His frame is compact with well-developed muscles. Males and females are distinctly different in appearance: males are masculine without coarseness, females are feminine without weakness of structure.

Belgian Malinois

Origin: Malinese Belgian Use: Herder Height: 22-26 in. Weight: 40-80 lbs. Temperament: The breed is confident, exhibiting neither shyness nor aggressiveness in new situations. The dog may be reserved with strangers but is affectionate with his own people. He is naturally protective of his owner's person and property without being overly aggressive. The Belgian Malinois possesses a strong desire to work and is quick and responsive to commands from his owner. Faulty temperament is strongly penalized. Coat: should be comparatively short, straight, hard enough to be weather resistant, with dense undercoat. It should be very short on the head, ears, and lower legs. The hair is somewhat longer around the neck where it forms a collarette and on the tail and backs of the thighs. The coat should conform to the body without standing out or hanging down. Color: basic coloring is a rich fawn to mahogany, with black tips on the hairs giving an overlay appearance. The mask and ears are black Ears: approach the shape of an equilateral triangle and are stiff, erect, and in proportion to the head in size. The outer corner of the ear should not come below the center of the eye. Tail: strong at the base, the bone reaching to the hock. In action, it is raised with a curve, which is strongest towards the tip, without forming a hook. General Appearance: well balanced, square dog, elegant in appearance with an exceedingly proud carriage of the head and neck. The dog is strong, agile, well-muscled, alert, and full of life.

Maltese

Origin: Malta Use: Companion Height: 7-9 in. Weight: Under 7 lbs. Temperament: Seems to be without fear. His trust and affectionate responsiveness are very appealing. among the gentlest mannered of all little dogs, yet lively, playful and vigorous. Coat: The coat is single, that is, without undercoat. It hangs long, flat, and silky over the sides of the body almost, if not quite, to the ground. The long head-hair may be tied up in a topknot or it may be left hanging. Any suggestion of kinkiness, curliness, or woolly texture is objectionable. Color: pure white. Light tan or lemon on the ears is permissible, but not desirable. Ears: rather low set and heavily feathered with long hair that hangs close to the head Tail: A long-haired plume carried gracefully over the back, its tip lying to the side over the quarter. General Appearance: A toy dog covered from head to foot with a mantle of long, silky, white hair. He is gentle-mannered and affectionate, eager and sprightly in action, and, despite his size, possessed of the vigor needed for the satisfactory companion

Chihuahua

Origin: Mexico Use: Companion Height: 5-8 in. Weight: Not exceeding 6 lbs. Temperament: Alert, projecting the 'terrier-like' attitudes of self-importance, confidence, self-reliance. Highly intelligent and not to be under-estimated, good with children if they are gentle, saucy, sensitive to cold weather. Coat: In the Smooth Coats, the coat should be of soft texture, close and glossy. (Heavier coats with undercoats permissible.) Coat placed well over body with ruff on neck preferred, and more scanty on head and ears. Hair on tail preferred furry. In Long Coats, the coat should be of a soft texture, either flat or slightly wavy, with undercoat preferred. Ears - Fringed. Tail - Full and long (as a plume). Feathering on feet and legs, pants on hind legs and large ruff on the neck desired and preferred Color: Any color-Solid, marked or splashed Ears: Large, erect type ears, held more upright when alert, but flaring to the sides at a 45-degree angle when in repose, giving breadth between the ears Tail: Moderately long, carried sickle either up or out, or in a loop over the back with tip just touching the back. General Appearance: A graceful, alert, swift-moving compact little dog with saucy expression, and with terrier-like qualities of temperament.

Newfoundland

Origin: Newfoundland Use: Multi-purpose dog, water rescue, used to power a blacksmiths bellows Height: 26-28 in. Weight: 100-150 lbs. Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Are relatively small and triangular with rounded tips. They are set on the skull level with, or slightly above, the brow and lie close to the head. When the ear is brought forward, it reaches to the inner corner of the eye on the same side Tail: General Appearance: A sweet-dispositioned dog that acts neither dull nor ill-tempered. He is a devoted companion. A large, heavily coated, well-balanced dog that is deep-bodied, heavily boned, muscular, and strong. A good specimen of the breed has dignity and proud head carriage.

Pembroke Welsh Corgi

Origin: Pembrokeshire Use: Sherherd dog Height: 10-12 in. Weight: 28-30 lbs. Temperament: Outlook bold, but kindly. Never shy or vicious. The judge shall dismiss from the ring any Pembroke Welsh Corgi that is excessively shy. Coat: Medium length; short, thick, weather-resistant undercoat with a coarser, longer outer coat. The body coat lies flat. Hair is slightly longer on back of forelegs and underparts and somewhat fuller and longer on rear of hindquarters. Color: The outer coat is to be of self colors in red, sable, fawn, black and tan with or without white markings. White is acceptable on legs, chest, neck (either in part or as a collar), muzzle, underparts and as a narrow blaze on head Ears: Erect, firm, and of medium size, tapering slightly to a rounded point. Ears are mobile and react sensitively to sounds. Tail: Docked as short as possible without being indented. General Appearance: Low-set, strong, sturdily built and active. Should not be so low and heavy-boned as to appear coarse or overdone, nor so light-boned as to appear racy.

Australian Shepherd

Origin: Pyrenees Mountains Use: Sheep herder or farm dog Height: 18-23 in. Weight: 40-65 lbs. Temperament: intelligent, active dog with an even disposition; he is good-natured, seldom quarrelsome. He may be somewhat reserved in initial meetings. Coat: Hair is of medium texture, straight to wavy, weather-resistant and of medium length. The undercoat varies in quantity with variations in climate. Hair is short and smooth on the head, ears, front of forelegs and below the hocks. Backs of forelegs and britches are moderately feathered. There is a moderate mane and frill, more pronounced in dogs than in bitches. Non-typical coats are severe faults. Color: Blue merle, black, red merle, red-all with or without white markings and/or tan (copper) points, with no order of preference. The hairline of a white collar does not exceed the point of the withers at the skin. White is acceptable on the neck (either in part or as a full collar), chest, legs, muzzle underparts, blaze on head and white extension from underpart up to four inches, measuring from a horizontal line at the elbow. White on the head should not predominate, and the eyes must be fully surrounded by color and pigment. Merles characteristically become darker with increasing age. Ears: triangular, of moderate size and leather, set high on the head. At full attention, they break forward and over, or to the side as a rose ear. Prick ears and hanging ears are severe faults. Tail: straight, docked or naturally bobbed, not to exceed four inches in length. General Appearance: intelligent working dog of strong herding and guarding instincts. He is a loyal companion and has the stamina to work all day. He is well balanced, slightly longer than tall, of medium size and bone, with coloring that offers variety and individuality. He is attentive and animated, lithe and agile, solid and muscular without cloddiness.

Scottish Terrier

Origin: Scotland Use: Fox or vermin hunter Height: Weight: 18-22 lbs. Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: 7 in long, never cut, General Appearance:

West Highland White Terrier

Origin: Scotland Use: Vermin hunter family companion Height: 10-11 in. Weight: 15-20 lbs Temperament: Alert, gay, courageous and self-reliant, but friendly. Color: White Coat: Very important and seldom seen to perfection. Must be double-coated. The head is shaped by plucking the hair, to present the round appearance. The outer coat consists of straight hard white hair, about two inches long, with shorter coat on neck and shoulders, properly blended and trimmed to blend shorter areas into furnishings, which are longer on stomach and legs. The ideal coat is hard, straight and white, but a hard straight coat which may have some wheaten tipping is preferable to a white fluffy or soft coat. Furnishings may be somewhat softer and longer but should never give the appearance of fluff. Faults - Soft coat. Any silkiness or tendency to curl. Any open or single coat, or one which is too short. Ears: Small, carried tightly erect, set wide apart, on the top outer edge of the skull. They terminate in a sharp point, and must never be cropped. The hair on the ears is trimmed short and is smooth and velvety, free of fringe at the tips. Black skin pigmentation is preferred. Tail: Relatively short, with good substance, and shaped like a carrot. When standing erect it is never extended above the top of the skull. It is covered with hard hair without feather, as straight as possible, carried gaily but not curled over the back. The tail is set on high enough so that the spine does not slope down to it. The tail is never docked. General Appearance: Small, game, well-balanced hardy looking terrier, exhibiting good showmanship, possessed with no small amount of self-esteem, strongly built, deep in chest and back ribs, with a straight back and powerful hindquarters on muscular legs, and exhibiting in marked degree a great combination of strength and activity. The coat is about two inches long, white in color, hard, with plenty of soft undercoats. The dog should be neatly presented, the longer coat on the back and sides, trimmed to blend into the shorter neck and shoulder coat. Considerable hair is left around the head to act as a frame for the face to yield a typical expression.

Cairn Terrier

Origin: Scotland Use: Vermin, obedience, terrier tracking trials Height: 10 in. Weight: 14 lbs Temperament: Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Collie: Rough and Smooth

Origin: Scotland and England Use: Herder or drover Height: 22-26 in. Weight: 60-75 lbs. Temperament: Loyal and Affectionate Coat: The well-fitting, proper-textured coat is the crowning glory of this breed. It is abundant except on the head and legs. The outer coat is straight and harsh to the touch. A soft, open outer coat or a curly outer coat, regardless of quantity, is penalized. The undercoat, however, is soft, furry and so close together that it is difficult to see the skin when the hair is parted. The coat is very abundant on the mane and frill. The face or mask is smooth. The forelegs are smooth and well feathered to the back of the pasterns. The hind legs are smooth below the hock joints. Any feathering below the hocks is removed for the show ring. The hair on the tail is very profuse and on the hips, it is long and bushy. The texture, quantity and the extent to which the coat "fits the dog" are important points. Color: The four recognized colors are "Sable and White," "Tri-color," "Blue Merle" and "White." Ears: are in proportion to the size of the head and, if they are carried properly and unquestionably break naturally, are seldom too small. Large ears usually cannot be lifted correctly off the head, and even if lifted, they will be out of proportion to the size of the head. When in repose the ears are folded lengthwise and thrown back into the frill. On the alert, they are drawn well up on the back skull and are carried about three-quarters erect, with about one-fourth of the ear tipping or breaking forward. Tail: moderately long, the bone reaching to the hock joint or below. It is carried low when the dog is quiet, the end having an upward twist or swirl. When gaited or when the dog is excited it is carried gaily but not over the back. General Appearance: a lithe, strong, responsive, active dog, carrying no useless timber, standing naturally straight and firm. The deep, moderately wide chest shows strength, the sloping shoulders and well-bent hocks indicate speed and grace, and the face shows high intelligence. Presents an impressive, proud picture of true balance. Timidity, frailness, sullenness, viciousness, lack of animation, cumbersome appearance and lack of over-all balance impair the general character.

Border Collie

Origin: Scotland and England Use: Sheep herder Height: 18-22 in. Weight: 30-55 lbs. Temperament: energetic, intelligent, keen, alert, and responsive. An intense worker of great tractability, it is affectionate towards friends but may be sensibly reserved towards strangers. When approached, should stand its ground. It should be alert and interested, never showing shyness, fear, dullness or resentment Coat: Two varieties are permissible, both having close-fitting, dense, weather-resistant double coats with the top coat either straight or wavy and coarser in texture than the undercoat which is soft, short and dense. The rough variety is medium in length without being excessive. Forelegs, haunches, chest, and underside are feathered and the coat on face, ears, feet, fronts of legs is short and smooth. The smooth variety is short over the entire body, is usually coarser in texture than the rough variety and may have slight feathering on forelegs, haunches, chest, and ruff. Neither coat type is preferred over the other. Seasonal shedding is normal and should not be penalized. This dog's purpose as an actively working herding dog shall be clearly evident in its presentation. Color: appears in all colors or combination of colors and/or markings. All colors are to be judged equally with no one color or pattern preferred over another. White markings may be clear white or ticked to any degree. Random white patches on the body are permissible but should not predominate. The predominant ear color should match the primary body color. Ears: are of medium size, set well apart, one or both carried erect and/or semi-erect (varying from one-quarter to three-quarters of the ear erect). When semi-erect, the tips may fall forward or outward to the side. Ears are sensitive and mobile. Tail: Set on low and is moderately long with the bone reaching at least to the hock. The ideal tail carriage is low when the dog is concentrating on a given task and may have a slight upward swirl at the end like a shepherd's crook. In excitement, it may be raised, but the base of the tail should not curve forward over the back. General Appearance: a well balanced, medium-sized dog of athletic appearance, displaying style and agility in equal measure with soundness and strength. Its hard, muscular body conveys the impression of effortless movement and endless endurance. extremely intelligent, with its keen, alert expression being a very important characteristic of the breed. Any aspect of structure or temperament that would impede the dog's ability to function as a herding dog should be severely faulted. is, and should remain, a natural and unspoiled true working sheepdog whose conformation is described herein. Honorable scars and broken teeth incurred in the line of duty are acceptable.

Shetland Sheepdog

Origin: Shetland Isles Use: Sheepherder or farm dog Height: 13-16 in. Weight: 15-25 lbs. Temperament: intensely loyal, affectionate, and responsive to his owner. However, he may be reserved toward strangers but not to the point of showing fear or cringing in the ring. Coat: should be double, the outer coat consisting of long, straight, harsh hair; the undercoat short, furry, and so dense as to give the entire coat its "standoff" quality. The hair on face, tips of ears and feet should be smooth. Mane and frill should be abundant, and particularly impressive in males. The forelegs well feathered, the hind legs heavily so, but smooth below the hock joint. Hair on tail profuse. Color: Black, blue merle, and sable. marked with varying amounts of white and/or tan. Ears: small and flexible, placed high, carried three-fourths erect, with tips breaking forward. When in repose the ears fold lengthwise and are thrown back into the frill Tail: should be sufficiently long so that when it is laid along the back edge of the hind legs the last vertebra will reach the hock joint. Carriage of tail at rest is straight down or in a slight upward curve. When the dog is alert the tail is normally lifted, but it should not be curved forward over the back. General Appearance: a small, alert, rough-coated, longhaired working dog. He must be sound, agile and sturdy. The outline should be so symmetrical that no part appears out of proportion to the whole. Dogs should appear masculine; bitches feminine.

Samoyed

Origin: Siberia Use: Reindeer herder, sled dog, multi-purpose Height: Weight: Temperament: Intelligent, gentle, and loyal Color: Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Bichon Frise

Origin: Spain Use: Companion, entertainer Height: 9.5-11.5 inches Weight: 12-18 lbs. Temperament: Gentle mannered, sensitive, playful and affectionate. A cheerful attitude is the hallmark of the breed and one should settle for nothing less. Coat: The texture of the coat is of utmost importance. The undercoat is soft and dense, the outercoat of a coarser and curlier texture. The combination of the two gives a soft but substantial feel to the touch which is similar to plush or velvet and when patted springs back. When bathed and brushed, it stands off the body, creating an overall powder puff appearance. Color: Color is white, may have shadings of buff, cream or apricot around the ears or on the body. Ears: drop and are covered with long flowing hair. When extended toward the nose, the leathers reach approximately halfway the length of the muzzle. They are set on slightly higher than eye level and rather forward on the skull so that when the dog is alert they serve to frame the face. Tail: well plumed, set on level with the topline and curved gracefully over the back so that the hair of the tail rests on the back. When the tail is extended toward the head it reaches at least halfway to the withers General Appearance: a small, sturdy, white powder puff of a dog whose merry temperament is evidenced by his plumed tail carried jauntily over the back and his dark-eyed inquisitive expression.

Saint Bernard

Origin: Switzerland Use: Avalanche rescue dog Height: 26-30 Weight: 120-180 Temperament: New owners should be prepared for drool. Makes wonderful family companions Color: White with red or red with white. Coat: Ears: Tail: General Appearance:

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog

Origin: Switzerland Use: Cattle driver Height: 23.5-28.5 in. Weight: 85-130 lbs. Temperament: Bold, faithful, willing worker. Alert and vigilant. Shyness or aggressiveness shall be severely penalized. Color: The topcoat is black. The markings are rich rust and white. Typically, white appears on the chest, running unbroken from the throat to the chest, as well as on all four feet and on the tip of the tail. Coat: Topcoat is dense, approximately 1-1/4 to 2 inches in length. Undercoat must be present and may be thick and sometimes showing, almost always present at neck but may be present throughout. Color of undercoat ranges from the preferred dark gray to light gray to tawny. Ears: Medium-sized, set high, triangular in shape, gently rounded at the tip, and hang close to the head when in repose. When alert, the ears are brought forward and raised at the base. The top of the ear is level with the top of the skull Tail: Thick from root to tip, tape rings lightly at the tip, reaching to the hocks, and carried down in repose. When alert and in movement, the tail may be carried higher and slightly curved upwards, but should not curl, or tilt over the back. The bones of the tail should feel straight. General Appearance: a Draft and Drover breed and should structurally appear as such. It is a striking, tri-colored, large, powerful, confident dog of sturdy appearance. It is a heavy boned and well-muscled dog which, in spite of its size and weight, is agile enough to perform the all-purpose farm duties of the mountainous regions of its origin.

Bernese Mountain Dog

Origin: Switzerland Use: draft dog, drover, or watch dog Height: 23-27.5 Weight: 70-115 lbs Temperament: The temperament is self-confident, alert and good-natured, never sharp or shy. Should stand steady, though may remain aloof to the attentions of strangers. Color: Is tri-colored. The ground color is jet black. The markings are rich rust and clear white. symmetry of markings is desired. Rust appears over each eye, on the cheeks reaching to at least the corner of the mouth, on each side of the chest, on all four legs, and under the tail. There is a white blaze and muzzle band. A white marking on the chest typically forms an inverted cross. The tip of the tail is white. White on the feet is desired but must not extend higher than the pasterns. Markings other than described are to be faulted in direct relationship to the extent of the deviation. Coat: The coat is thick, moderately long and slightly wavy or straight. It has a bright natural sheen. Extremely curly or extremely dull-looking coats are undesirable Ears: Medium-sized, set high, triangular in shape, gently rounded at the tip, and hang close to the head when in repose. When alert, the ears are brought forward and raised at the base; the top of the ear is level with the top of the skull. Tail: Is bushy. It should be carried low when in repose. An upward swirl is permissible when the dog is alert, but the tail may never curl or be carried over the back. The bones in the tail should feel straight and should reach to the hock joint or below General appearance: A striking. tri-colored, large dog. He is sturdy and balanced. He is intelligent, strong and agile enough to do the draft and droving work for which he was used in the mountainous regions of his origin. Dogs appear masculine, while bitches are distinctly feminine.

Shih Tzu

Origin: Tibet Use: Companion Height: 8-11 in. Weight: 9-16 lbs. Temperament: essential that its temperament is outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly and trusting towards all. Coat: Luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing. Slight wave permissible. Hair on top of head is tied up. Color: All are permissible and to be considered equally Ears: Large, set slightly below crown of skull; heavily coated Tail: Set on high, heavily plumed, carried in curve well over back. General Appearance: a sturdy, lively, alert toy dog with a long flowing double coat. Befitting his noble Chinese ancestry as a highly valued, prized companion and palace pet, the Shih Tzu is proud of bearing, has a distinctively arrogant carriage with head well up and tail curved over the back.

What do you feed a nursing Bitch?

Puppy food

Dry and warm

Rub the pup while removing mucous to stimulate breathing.

How is distemper spread?

Secondary viral bacterial infection causes most of the symptoms, mostly by the aerosol route. The virus is spread in all body secretions.

How do you treat the umbilicus?

Tie off 2-3 times an inch from the body. Put a little iodine or scrub on the end to prevent an infection after cutting.