Carbohydrates unit
what is an organic compound
any covalently bound carbon atom
an example of a monosaccharide is
glucose
what substance is formed when an atom loses a hydrogen and oxygen molecule?
glucose
what are two common monosaccharides
glucose c6h12o6 fructose
how do you break down a carbon atom
hydrolysis
the breakdown of a polymer involves
hydrolysis
what are the 3 main fates of glucose
immediate use to produce usable energy, storage for later energy production, use in building other molecules
how big is a polysaccharide
it can be 10000 units linked together
what would happen to carbon of it had 7 valence electrons instead of 4 in it's outer ring?
it would be an in organic compound
what is the connection between monomers and polymers
monomers make up polymers
what is the simplest type of carbohydrate
monosaccharides
how do plants obtain glucose
photosynthesis
sugars in science are called
saccharides
describe the fate of glucose, fructose, sucrose system shown above
some glucose is converted to fructose and some stays as glucose, while some fructose stays as fructose to then add to the extra glucose and form sucrose while the other fructose is stored in fructan (storage molecule in vacuoles)
identify a use for glucose in a plant that does not occur in animals
starch is stored in plants
what are some examples of carbohydrates
starches found in bread sugar
name the four most commonly occuring polysacvharides
startches-glucose-plants-energy storage Cellulose-glucose-plants-structural component of cell walls Glycogen-glucose-animals-energy storage
what nutrients make up a dissaccharide
sucrose maltose lactose
an example of a disaccharide is
table sugar(sucrose)
what are structural polysaccharides
they are a bunch of sugar molecules attached over and over again with hydrogen bonds like wood
how do animals obtain glucose
they eat carbohydrates by consuming plants or other animals
what are the 2 main functions of carbohydrates
they provide energy and structure for us
what suffix is most common at the end of sugar names
-ose
what is table sugar made up of?
1 glucose and 1 fructose molecule
what is the general formula for all carbohydrates
1:2:1 CH2O
the number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can usually form with other atoms is
4
a covalent bonds is formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons. this is called
a double bond
what is an isotope
a element whose atoms have a particular number of neutrons in their nucleus
one sugar molecule is called
a monosaccharide
why do humans love sugar
because sugar is usually an indicator of fruit which our bodies need
how can isotopes be seperated
by radioactivity
what do organic compounds contain
carbon and usually other elements
arrange the following in order of size; from smallest to largest: polymer monomer carbon atom macromolecule
carbon atom, monomer, polymer, macromolecule
what is an example of a polysaccharide?
cellulose found in plants
how do you build an atom
dehydration synthesis
two sugars together are called a
dissacharide
describe the process of carbohydrates loading
you eat a bunch of starch which you then break down into monosaccharides and then you re-attatch it again to be stored in your liver as glycogen
what does it mean if you are lactose intolerant
you lack the enzyme that breaks lactose down into it's two monosaccharides