Cardiovascular, neurologic, & miscellaneous imaging

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the path of blood flow as it leaves the left ventricle?

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Which of the following is a condition in which an occluded blood vessel stops blood flow to a portion of the lungs?

Pulmonary embolism

During atrial systole, blood flows into the right ventricle by way of what valve?

Tricuspid

Which of the following procedures will best demonstrate the cephalic, basilic, and subclavian veins?

Upper-limb venogram

If the blockage stays in place, it results in

an extra strain on the right ventricle, which is now unable to pump blood. This occurrence can result in congestive heart failure

the middle membrane is the

arachnoid

The subdural space is located

between the arachnoid and dura mater.

The subarachnoid space is located

between the pia and arachnoid mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The epidural space is located

between the two layers of the dura mater

From the left ventricle

blood first goes through the largest arteries, then goes to progressively smaller arteries (arterioles), to the capillaries, to the smallest veins (venules), and on to progressively larger veins.

During atrial systole,

blood passes through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle

Blood leaving the left ventricle is

bright red, oxygenated blood that travels through the systemic circulation, delivering oxygenated blood via arteries and returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs via veins.

Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and

carried to the left atrium by the four pulmonary veins

Pulmonary circulation

conveys deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary semilunar valve, into the pulmonary artery (the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood), and into the lungs where the blood becomes oxygenated.

the outer membrane is the

dura mater

The injection site is usually

in the hand or wrist, and images should be obtained up to the area of the superior vena cava

Deoxygenated (venous) blood from the lower body (abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities) empties into the

inferior vena cava

From the pulmonary artery, blood travels to the lungs, picks up oxygen, and is carried by the four pulmonary veins (the only veins carrying oxygenated blood) to the

left atrium

The oxygenated blood passes through the mitral (or bicuspid) valve during atrial systole and into the

left ventricle

Blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation is relatively

low, and therefore pulmonary vessels can easily become blocked by blood clots, air bubbles, or fatty masses, resulting in a pulmonary embolism

The CNS (brain and spinal cord) is located within three protective membranes, the

meninges

During ventricular systole

oxygenated blood is pumped through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta

The inner membrane is the

pia mater

From the right ventricle, blood is pumped (during ventricular systole) through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the

pulmonary artery—the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.

Blood is returned to the left atrium, from the lungs, via the

pulmonary veins

The coronary sinus, which returns venous blood from the heart, also empties into the

right atrium

The superior and inferior venae cavae empty into the

right atrium.

Deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the

right ventricle

During myelography, contrast medium is introduced into the

subarachnoid space

During myelography, the needle is introduced into the

subarachnoid space (L3-4 or L4-5), a small amount of CSF is removed, and the contrast medium is introduced

Deoxygenated blood from the head and thorax is returned to the heart by the

superior vena cava

During ventricular systole, oxygenated blood from the left ventricle passes through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta, and into

systemic circulation

From the left atrium, blood flows through

the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle

The oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried via

the four pulmonary veins (the only veins that carry oxygenated blood) and emptied into the left atrium

During ventricular systole

the pulmonary artery (the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood) carries blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Blood is returned via

the pulmonary veins (the only veins to carry oxygenated blood) to the left atrium

Deoxygenated blood is collected by the superior and inferior vena cava and emptied into

the right atrium

Venous blood is returned to the right atrium via

the superior (from the upper body) and inferior (from the lower body) vena cava

Venography of the upper limb is usually performed to rule out

venous obstruction or thrombosis.