Cardiovascular System

140; 90

By definition, hypertension is systolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher.

Answer #5 1) heart failure 2) tissue hypoxia 3) arrhythmia 4) death 5) aortic stenosis

Consequences of myocardial infarction include all of the following EXCEPT

vasospasm

A 31-year-old female has been complaining for three years that her hands become white and painful when she is exposed to cold temperatures. Her new physician diagnosed her with Raynaud's Disease, which of the following is the most likely etiology of her signs and symptoms?

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A 50-year old female received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

Obstructive shock

A patient who developed a deep vein thrombosis during a prolonged period of bedrest has deteriorated as the clot has dislodged and resulted in a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following types of shock is this patient at risk of experiencing?

Cardiac output

A student observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume. What is the cardiologist measuring?

fills rapidly; compresses

Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion can be life-threatening when the pericardial sac _______ and ______ the heart.

thinning of the cardiac wall

Dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction is characterized by:

isovolumetric contraction.

During ventricular systole, closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves coincides with:

narrowing of the vessel and production of ischemia; thrombosis and formation of emboli resulting from damage to the vessel endothelium; aneurysm formation due to weakening of the vessel wall

The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis depend on the vessels involved and the extent of vascular involvement. Atherosclerotic lesions produce their effects through:

damaged blood vessel walls & immobility

Which are predisposing factors to thrombus formation in the venous circulation?

inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

Which is the best definition of congestive heart failure?

vegetations are loosely attached and fragile

Why are septic emboli a common complication of infective endocarditis?