Career Essentials in Generative AI by Microsoft and LinkedIn

If your reasoning engine response is problematic (i.e., inaccurate, discriminatory, limited in view, etc.) what should you do?

Continue iterating. Keep regenerating and refining the prompt to get a more accurate, better result.

With an artificial neural network what is the point of having a cost function?

It helps the network determine the cost of the error so they can make larger or smaller adjustments to its guesses.

What's the difference between classified and clustered data?

Classified data works with human created classifications or labels

How is K Nearest Neighbor like the old saying, "birds of a feather flock together?"

Classify unknown data against the closest data that you do know.

What's the biggest difference between symbolic systems and machine learning?

A symbolic system needs to be programmed to connect symbols to patterns, while machine learning discovers patterns by looking at the data

What type of impact does artificial intelligence have on robotics?

AI systems can create robots that can more easily learn new tasks.

Shandra is getting ready to compose a Bing Chat for the first time. What type of conversation style will be used?

Balanced

With an artificial neural network, the weights are added to the connections, but the bias is added to the neuron. Why does the network need to be set up this way?

Because the bias is a reaction to the adjustments in the weights of the connections.

Why has machine learning become the dominant form of artificial intelligence?

Because these systems have benefited from access to massive amounts of digital data

You work for a company that's selling electric cars to consumers. The company wants to get the maximum amount of value from its advertising dollars. So it wants to ramp up advertising when it thinks that customers would be most interested in purchasing an electric car. Your data science team wants to create a regression analysis based on fuel prices. How might this look on an XY diagram?

Create a trendline with fuel prices along the X axis and electric car sales on the Y axis.

How are images created in Bing Chat?

Dall-E 3

Which option is prohibited under the Add an Image prompt?

Design an image.

Tomas uses Bing Chat for a safety scenario. How should he address the results provided?

Double-check the answers.

True or False: Reasoning engines are an all-knowing source of truth and should be trusted implicitly.

FALSE

What was the core finding of the Chinese room experiment?

Finding patterns in symbols is not the same as intelligence

Clarence wants to use the entire screen in Bing Chat. How will he do this?

Go to Bing.com and select Chat.

Olaf is asked to compose text for a post on LinkedIn. He decides to use Bing Chat to help. Which of the following would Bing Chat intentionally leave out?

Graphics

Vera, the company CEO, is exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for her company. What will determine whether or not her company is a good candidate for AI?

Her company's data has set rules and patterns

Your product manager is working for a website that sells clothing fabrics. You're working on an AI natural language processing product that allows customers to do natural language searches. What will be one of the biggest challenges with your new AI system?

Humans tend to describe things as qualities such as "dark" and "soft" which are difficult to translate into search results

How does the bias-variance trade-off affect machine learning?

If the machine makes a change to one, it must consider how the other is affected.

How do human supervisors assist in training a reasoning engine?

In early training phases, human supervisors oversee the process, guiding the model towards accurate responses and contributing to its knowledge development.

ABC Corp's management uses AI to provide advice on selecting options for its marketing strategy. How can robust transparency help the company?

It can assist in understanding the input-analysis-output process.

How does a reasoning engine's ability to understand and interpret language provide the greatest advantage over a search engine?

It can have an actual conversation with the user.

Why is it a good practice for the C-suite to develop, and perhaps even mandate, an AI training and education program for all employees?

It democratizes decision-making around AI tools.

A new online camping goods store wants to find connections between products customers buy and other products they might buy. Why would the company use unsupervised learning?

It does not yet have enough customers to make supervised learning meaningful.

What does the Turn on button do?

It enables context-aware questions.

How does an artificial neural network learn?

It looks at the data and makes guesses, then it compares those guesses to the correct answer.

In prompt engineering, what is one-shot or few-shot learning?

It refers to how much instruction you provide in order to guide the answer. This may involve including examples of what a "correct" answer may look like.

You work for a security firm that wants to use an artificial neural network to create a video facial recognition system. So you create a training set with hundreds of images of people that are found in your video footage. You initialize the artificial neural network with random weights assigned to all its connections. When you feed through the first few images the system does a terrible job identifying whether those people are included in the video. What would the artificial neural network now do to try and improve?

It will adjust the weights of the connections to see if it does a better job making a prediction.

Which guideline will the Bing Chat Dall-E AI image generator follow when an image is created?

It will not create images infringing on conditions.

Why did some of the earliest artificial intelligence systems focus on board games such as checkers and chess?

It's easiest to make a computer system seem intelligent when it's working with set rules and patterns.

Layla learns that her company's AI-driven chatbot has been giving inaccurate and sometimes rude responses to customers' questions. How should Layla deal with this issue?

Limit the chatbot to customer service questions and no other purpose.

Imagine that you work for a university that wants to use machine learning and Naive Bayes to predict which students might have difficulty graduating. So you create three predictors. These are financial hardship, grade point average and class attendance. In a meeting, a data scientist points out that you might not want to use class attendance and grade point average because they are strongly autocorrelated. If someone doesn't attend class, then they'll likely get a poor grade. How might you answer this question?

Naive Bayes is naive because it can classify even when predictors are autocorrelated

Why might you want to use reinforcement learning instead of unsupervised learning?

Reinforcement learning allows the machine to make predictions and create strategies instead of just clustering the data.

Imagine that you work for a health insurance company. Your company covers a lot of people who suffer from diabetes. The organization wants to research the characteristics of people with diabetes. That way the company can intervene and try to change the customers' behavior to prevent future illness. How can your insurance company use K means clustering to help?

Research the character traits of the cluster with the highest number of diabetics

Beth needs to create a contract and decides to use Bing Chat to help her. What should she do before using any content from AI?

Review current legislation on using AI-generated text.

What is the following creative type of prompt known as: "Imagine you're the manager of a small botique video editing company. What are 10 innovative marketing ideas that could attract new business?"

Role play

Taraji asks Bing Chat several questions related to architecture for buildings. Now she wants to ask a brand-new question. What should she do?

Select the Broom icon.

How can a company best build customer trust, which can translate to a loyal customer base?

Share a transparent privacy policy.

Riva considers herself a prompt engineer. What does this mean?

She can create a prompt with samples of her question and the answers that she would like to see.

You take a new job where you need to arrive by bus in 30 minutes. There are two buses available to you. The first is a bus that makes all the local stops. This local bus is quicker if there are just a few people. The second is an express bus that drops you off a few blocks from your job. You try both buses the first week of your job. With the local bus you get to work in 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes. The express bus always gets you to work in 35 minutes. What is the data challenge with these two buses?

The local bus has a high variance, and the express bus has a high bias

What is a common reason the summary option may not be available in Outlook?

The message you have selected is very short and does not have enough information to summarize.

You're a product manager for a team that's using an artificial neural network to develop your product. One of the data scientists says that the back propagation of errors is correcting for guesses that have a steep gradient descent. What is that saying about the network?

The network is making predictions that are turning out to be very wrong.

Luella seeks medical attention for chest pains. A nurse uses an artificial intelligence program to diagnose the cause. Why is this system likely not really intelligent?

The program only matches her symptoms to steps in a system an expert created.

A business that uses robotics may also use artificial intelligence rather than machine learning. What is a financial reason for this decision?

There is a higher price to pay if the robotics makes a mistake

You're a product manager who's in charge of building a weak AI expert system that will give tax advice. You're working with dozens of accountants who go through thousands of different taxpayer scenarios. When a customer asks a question, then the expert system will ask a follow-up question. It will do this until it makes a recommendation. What's one of the biggest challenges with this system?

There will be too many tax combinations for the experts to cover with one system.

What impact will the Internet of Things (IoT) have on artificial intelligence?

These devices will be a great new source of "real world" data.

Why is it important to understand different machine learning algorithms?

They are tools to help you decide what reports you'd like to see or problems you'd like to solve

How are reasoning engines an improvement over search engines when it comes to entering what you are looking for?

They can understand your intent and not just the words you used.

The healthcare and medical insurance industries caution against using machine learning to search for patterns in data, and they do not want machines making decisions about a person's health. Why?

They may be decisions that humans cannot understand.

What is one of the key advantages to having several hidden layers in your artificial neural network?

This deep learning artificial neural network can identify very complex problems

What is ensemble modeling?

This is when you use a mix of different machine learning algorithms or data to improve the outcome.

In supervised machine learning what's the difference between training data and test data?

Training data is the data the machine uses to learn, test data is a sample of data to test what it learned

In most instances, how should you craft your prompts?

Use clear language with proper grammar.

How can a user best combine a search engine and a reasoning engine to find information about an unknown topic?

Use the search engine to find basic information, and then use the reasoning engine for a deeper dive.

What is the main difference between Bing Chat and Bing Chat Enterprise?

With Bing Chat Enterprise, business data is protected.

What is one of the greatest challenges with supervised learning binary classification?

You need a lot of pre-classified or labeled data for the training set.

You work for a credit card company that's trying to do a better job identifying fraudulent transactions. So your team uses unsupervised learning to create clusters of transactions that are likely to be fraudulent. The machine identified that when customers are buying electronics it's much more likely to be a fraudulent transaction. So you use this model for your new fraud detection system. Then customers started to complain that they couldn't use their credit cards to purchase any electronics. What is the challenge with your model?

You underfit the model to the data, the simple rule made too many inaccurate predictions.

Why is the iteration process necessary when you use a reasoning engine?

You want to keep honing your prompt to get more and better results.

Which environment does not allow a user to interact with Microsoft Bing Chat?

a Chrome browser

Microsoft Bing now includes a Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer. What is this?

a chatbot

Which item should include a disclosure that it was created using Bing chat?

a housing contract between a landlord and tenant

How can you best describe the cost function as it applies to neural networks?

a number the system uses to measure its answer against the correct answer

When a user enters a query, what does the reasoning engine strive to provide?

a relevant, informative text response using human-like speech

What would Bing Chat be least likely to provide?

an increase in pay

Ahmad is creating a technology team for a new project. When should the team get together to discuss ethical considerations?

before starting the project

The boss wants an article she received summarized before a meeting that starts in a half hour. How can Bing Chat help with this task?

by using a precise style to present a summary with bullet points

Alex is asked to speak at a conference and has the information in a Word document open on his system. He needs to create a short summary of who he is. How can Alex do this with Bing Chat?

by using the Compose tab

What type of misused AI can give false advice, which is extremely dangerous in a situation such as providing medical advice?

inaccurate chatbots

PowerPoint Copilot can create a new presentation based on your written prompts or _____.

information in an existing document.

If you want to ask Word Copilot to use information from a separate document, that referenced document must be _____.

shared in Teams or stored on OneDrive, SharePoint

Why, more than any other reason, should a company perform a privacy audit?

so it can develop a company-wide privacy policy

If you join a Teams meeting that's already in progress, you can ask Copilot to summarize the topics that were discussed that you may have missed. This will only work if _____.

somebody in the meeting clicks the Copilot option and turns on the transcript feature

You're a preschool worker and you want to teach your class the letters in the alphabet. So you draw the letter "B" on the board. Then you ask the two-year-old students to find a block with that same letter. Some of the students correctly find the blocks with the letter "B", but some of the students confuse the letter "B" with the letter "D." So the incorrect students compare their block to the letter "B" on the board, recognize the error and then decide to get another block. What type of learning is this?

supervised learning

Excel Copilot can only analyze data in a spreadsheet if _____.

the cells you want to analyze are formatted as a table.

Which three sources of data can Bing Chat summarize for you? A. the contents of the current website you are on B. an email you have open in the desktop version of Outlook C. a Microsoft Word document you have open in the browser D. text you have pasted into the Bing chat sidebar

the contents of the current website you are on, a Microsoft Word document you have open in the browser, text you have pasted into the Bing chat sidebar

Excel Copilot can only be used if _____.

the file you are working on is stored on OneDrive, SharePoint, or Teams

Kira is building a neural network to identify customer returns using binary classifications of defective or unsatisfied. In which layer of this neural network will Kira have a probability score?

the output layer

What is the goal of the continuous crawling process of a search engine?

to keep the search engine's index up-to-date

Which is not a main function of a search engine?

transforming

You're a preschool worker and you ask a class of two-year-olds to arrange toy blocks in a way that makes sense to them. One of the two-year-olds creates three groups of blocks based on the color. Another one of the two-year-olds creates five groups of blocks based on the letter painted on the block. What type of learning is this?

unsupervised learning

What is the most important benefit that the synergy between modern search engines and reasoning engines provides, as far as confidence in the results?

verifying and validating search results

In which situation are ethical considerations the responsibility of a board of directors?

when it involves compliance with a regulatory agency

When might a search engine be a superior tool to a reasoning engine?

when you'd like to read further about a subject across a collection of different sources—but not necessarily when you want to ask deeper questions