CD chapt. 14 & 17

True or false: Kübler-Ross would recommend that loved ones try to cheer up the dying person in the fourth stage of dying, also known as the depression stage.

False

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life?

He drew conclusions about early adulthood, without actually studying anyone in that age range. He only studied men, but claims his results apply to women as well. Levinson's work included no statistical analysis. The original Levinson data included no females. Respondents may have distorted memories or forget parts of their pas

Lucille signed a living will when she was 65 years old and in good health. It stated that she wanted no extraordinary medical procedures to be used if doctors determined she would not recover. She was conscious of the ramifications of her decision. At the age of 85 she had a stroke in her brain stem and could no longer breathe for herself or take in food. Doctors determined that she would not recover respiration or digestion. Which of the following would be true in Lucille's case?

Lucille could be given sedatives and pain medications but should not be put on a ventilator or given a feeding tube.

Which of the following are true statements about perceptions of personal control?

Middle-age adults feel that they have more control over work and marriage than younger adults. Perceptions of personal control tend to peak in midlife.

Which of the following statements regarding the stresses experienced by young adults versus those experienced by middle-aged adults is true?

Middle-aged adults were more likely to experience "overload" stressors that involve juggling too many activities at once.

Which of the following statements are consistent with the occurrence of death in the United States today?

Most people die in institutions or hospitals. People's exposure to death is minimized.

How does assisted suicide differ from active euthanasia?

Patients administer the lethal medication to themselves.

Which of the following statements is true regarding living wills and advance directives?

People can state in a living will that they want to have all possible life sustaining procedures performed.

hich of the following often become a part of Kubler-Ross' second stage of dying?

resentment envy anger

Which of the following examples is NOT consistent with how the American culture denies death?

disbelief in the afterlife

Which of the following examples is NOT consistent with how the American culture denies death? Multiple choice question.

disbelief in the afterlife

Twenty-five years ago, the determination of whether someone was dead was based on the Multiple choice question.

end of certain biological functions like breathing and blood pressure.

"Easy death" and "mercy killing" are other descriptors for

euthanasia

The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT

excitability.

Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of

extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men.

Men are more likely than women to react to stress with a ______ approach, which can involve isolating themselves, turning to alcohol or drugs, or being aggressive.

fight-or-flight

Understanding of the certainty of death appears in which stage of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?

fourth stage: depression

Forty-year-old Maritska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of

generativity.

Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop

generativity.

According to Margie Lachman and her colleagues, as compared to young adults, those in middle age

give more attention to responsibility for others.

Levinson's The Seasons of a Man's Life supported the notion that men

go through four major conflicts that comprise a midlife crisis.

Which of the following statements reflects what a person would say in the first stage of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying? Multiple choice question.

"The doctor is wrong. I need to get a second opinion. The doctor must have mixed my file up with someone else's."

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the development of a living will? Multiple choice question.

A living will must be drawn up by patients when they can think clearly.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the experiences that many dying individuals face near the time of death?

A majority are in pain and almost one-third have symptoms of depression.

How many years longer might a person born today expect to live compared to a person born in 1900? Multiple choice question.

32

According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man (BOOM)?

38

According to Levinson, how long does the transition to middle adulthood last?

5 yrs

The average life expectancy in the United States for a person born in 1900 was 47 years, whereas today it is

79

Which of the following statements are true regarding the definition of brain death?

A flat EEG recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of brain death. A person can still have a heartbeat after the higher portions of the brain have died.

Which cultural group typically tries to avoid and/or deny death?

Americans

______ death is said to occur when all electrical activity in the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

Brain

Which of the following is a common criticism of the concept of a "good death"?

Death is not a single event, but rather a process that takes place over years.

Which of the following statements best reflects the outcome of communicating about death with a dying person?

Discussing death openly with the dying individual has many benefits for the person.

Which of the following are among theories that define stages of adult development?

Erikson's life-span view Levinson's seasons of a man's life

Which statement is true when evaluating the experiences that dying individuals face?

Scientific advances have made dying prolonged and complicated.

What was the name of Daniel Levinson's report on his extensive interviews with middle-aged men?

The Seasons of a Man's Life

Research has shown that having an optimistic outlook on life is generally associated with which of the following?

better physical health longer life greater relationship satisfaction

Which of the following statements reflects what a person would say in the first stage of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?

The doctor is wrong. I need to get a second opinion. The doctor must have mixed my file up with someone else's."

Which of the following is a criticism made by Robert Kastenbaum about Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying?

The five-stage sequence has not been substantiated empirically.

Which of the following is a true statement about the legality of assisted suicide in the United States?

The legality of assisted suicide is a decision left up to each state.

Which of the following is true of the sense of personal control in middle age?

The sense of personal control is frequently challenged by increased responsibility and the aging process.

Which of the following is true of adult stage theories?

They have contributed to the view that midlife brings a crisis in development.

True or false: According to Levinson, his stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age apply to both men and women.

True

True or false. In their Baltimore Study, Costa and McCrae found relative stability in the big five factors of personality across adulthood; however, recent studies have found greater variability over the course of the life span.

True Extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and emotional stability increase, peak, and decrease; while conscientiousness increases throughout the life span.

According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?

biological generativity cultural generativity work generativity

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to use when communicating with a dying person?

You should allow the person to reminisce.

Those who provide care are increasingly interested in helping people experience

a "good death."

Robert is an 80-year-old man who has been given three months to live. He has requested to be left alone. When asked, he says that he is not feeling much physical pain and seems devoid of feeling. He realizes he is going to die and feels a sense of peace. Which of Kübler-Ross' five stages of dying is he in?

accepptance

The deliberate administration of a drug overdose to a patient may be considered

active euthanasia.

According to many religious individuals, euthanasia and assisted suicide are

acts of murder.

A legal document stating that life sustaining procedures shall not be used to prolong a person's life when death is imminent is called a(n)

advance directive.

According to Vaillant's study, which of the following best predicted who would be dead at 75 or 80 years of age?

alcohol abuse

In the context of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying, which of the following characteristics are developed in a person in the fifth stage called acceptance?

an approval of one's fate a desire to be left alone a sense of peace

Which of the following are common for a person in Kübler-Ross' second stage of dying?

asking the question "Why me?" feeling resentful toward healthy family members

Which of the following involves a physician supplying the information and/or means for patients to cause their own death but requires the patients to self-administer those means and to determine when and where to do it?

assisted suicide

Dr. Jack Kevorkian was a Michigan physician who helped terminally ill patients with

assisted suicide.

Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood.

companionate

The determination of death in recent decades is

complex because signs of death are not always clear.

According to recent research, which of the Big Five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood?

conscientiousness

Individual high in ______ are most likely to experience optimal aging, including positive affect, life satisfaction, and positive psychological well-being.

conscientiousness

Researchers have found that personality traits ______ in late adulthood.

continue to change

In the majority of U.S. states and in most countries, euthanasia and assisted suicide are

criminal acts.

The most common characteristic of Kübler-Ross' first stage of dying is

denial.

According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?

determining life goals

Which statement is typical of how a person in Kübler-Ross' third stage of dying would react?

he person tries to negotiate in order to live a little longer.

Proponents of assisted suicide and euthanasia argue that it

is a dignified death that ends prolonged suffering.

A cumulative personality model states that with time and age people become ______ at interacting with their environment in ways that promote ______ stability in personality.

more adept; increased

In general, high scores on the Big Five factor of ______ are associated with less optimal life outcomes.

neuroticism

According to Levinson, the twenties is the ______ phase of adult development.

novice

Which of the following are part of the Big Five factors of personality?

openness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism conscientiousness

Having a positive outlook on life and minimizing problems, otherwise known as ______, is linked to better adjustment, improved health, and increased longevity.

optimism

Which of the following describes the act of euthanasia?

painlessly ending patient's life

Reducing pain and helping individuals die with dignity is the goal of

palliative care.

Abigail has incurable lung cancer. Her lungs no longer have the capacity to function without the aid of a respirator. She wants to be sedated and to have her respirator turned off. What has Abigail requested?

passive euthanasia

On average, a sense of personal control _______ in midlife and then ______.

peaks; declines

What has been found to help dying individuals become more alert and cheerful?

perceived control

The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT

self-control.

Robert Kastenbaum criticized Kübler-Ross' approach because the five-stage interpretation neglected which of the following variations in situations of patients?

specific effects of illness family obligations relationship support

Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, he may be in a state of

stagnation.

In the early version of the life-events approach, life events were viewed as

stressful circumstances that forced individuals to undergo a change in their personality.

Women are more likely than men to react to stress with a ______ approach, which focuses on seeking out social support.

tend-or-befriend

Which research project studied more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life?

the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies

Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this

the dream.

The death of a spouse, divorce, and marriage all involve varying degrees of stress and are therefore likely to influence an individual's development according to

the early life-events approach.

A majority of U.S. adults believe that euthanasia should be legal.

true

Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?

trying to solve the problem themselves isolating themselves drinking

Which of the following groups experiences the highest rate of daily stressors as opposed to "overload" stressors?

young adults