CE 672 Chapter 14

What are the parts of a nail

(a) the tip (b) the shank (c) the head

Which type of nailed connection is the strongest

A face-nailed connection is the strongest of the three because it has the highest withdrawal resistance.

What are the veneer grades of plywood

A, B, C-plugged, C, and D—based on the type and size of defects such as knots and splits

Why does nail popping occur

It occurs as the floor joists dry and shrink in size, which pulls them away from the sheathing

How is an Wood I Joist made

Made by gluing wood flanges to a wood wed the flanges are made of either sawn lumber or LVL. The web is either of plywood or oriented-strandboard (OSB) panel

What is an Unbalanced glulam beam

The quality of the lumber used in upper laminations is different from that of the lumber used in lower laminations to account for the fact that the lower half of the beam will be in tension and the upper half of the beam will be in compression. Stamped with TOP to ensure their correct placement and can be used only as single-span beams,

Floor Trusses (parallel chord or trussed joists)

The top chord is horizontal which is parallel to the bottom chord, and are also used as lintel beams over openings.

What is a balanced glulam beam

They are more versatile because they can be used for any span condition and are generally used where the beams are continuous over two or more supports in applications such as cantilevers

Joist hangers

Two types that are commonly used: (a) face-mounted hanger (b) top-mounted hanger Face-mounted hangers are used to connect joists to a beam or header. Top-mounted hangers are used where face mounting is not possible, such as when connecting joists to a steel beam

Heavy-gauge sheet steel connectors

Used in heavy wood framing, such as in joints between a post and a beam, between two beams, between a post and the foundation, and so on.

Sinker nails

Vinyl-coated nails that have a thinner shank and are easier to drive into wood because they produce heat due to friction when the nail is driven melting the vinyl

Wood trusses

consists of individual members that are joined together by metal nail plated to form an array of interconnected triangular frames and are made of individual triangles that do not need to be continuous.

What are glulam beams used for

long spans and sometimes for their fire rating up to 1 hour

What is glue-laminated wood

made from individual lengths of dimension lumber that are glued together to form large cross sections. The individual lengths are joined horizontally (face laminated) as well as vertically (end jointed)

What is laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

produced by gluing together dried wood veneers that are approximately 1/8 in. thick. The wood grain in all veneers runs in the same direction, and thus is stronger along the grain and weaker across the grain.

Two types of manufactured wood products

• Engineered wood products • Industrial wood products

What are the types of nailed connections

• Face-nailed connection • End-nailed connection • Toe-nailed connection

How is the appearance of a glulam beam categorized?

• Framing Appearance Grade • Industrial Appearance Grade (headers) • Architectural Appearance Grade • Premium Appearance Grade

Wood panel categories

• Performance-rated engineered wood panels • Sanded and touch-sanded plywood panels

Who certifies the quality control of Glulam

The APA or The engineered wood association

Wood panel charateristics

Because wood is stronger along the grain than across the grain, crossgraining tends to equalize the strength of a plywood panel in its two principal directions. It also makes a plywood panel dimensionally more stable because shrinkage and swelling of wood are high across the grain and negligible along the grain

Brite Nails

Common nail that has not had any further treatment for corrosion resistance

Uses for I-Joists

Commonly used as floor joists and roof rafter they are dimensionally more stable than sawn lumber due to their plywood or OSB webs. Must be braced during construction.

Exterior rated panels

Designed for permanent exposure to the weather

Wood panels

Divided into two types: • Veneered panels —consisting of plywood panels. • Nonveneered panels —consisting of oriented strandboard (OSB) and particle board

Which type of nailed connection is the weakest

End nailing, in which the nails are parallel to the grain in the holding member, is the weakest connection

What are engineered wood products used for

Engineered wood products are those that are engineered for structural applications. They include glue-laminated wood, structural composite lumber, wood I-joists, plywood, oriented strand board,and wood trusses

Light-gauge sheet steel connectors

Generally 16 to 20 gauge are used in conventional wood framing, such as the joints between a beam and floor joists, between rafters or trusses and the top plate, between studs and the bottom plate

What are wood trusses designed for

Generally designed to bear on exterior walls, with the bottom chord providing the nailing surface for the ceiling and are generally spaced at 24 inches on center.

What are LVL members used for

Generally used as floor joists and rafters and is usu- ally made to a finished thickness of 1 3/4 in. and to depths of up to 18 in.

How are manufactured wood products made

Manufactured wood products are made by bonding together lumber members, wood veneers, wood strands, wood particles, and other forms of wood fibers to produce a composite material.

Formaldehyde

Manufactured wood products are produced with this resin adhesives. This adhesive emit a gas into the air that is known to cause adverse health effects in humans. Emission levels are highest when the product is new, but they decrease over time.

Exposure 1 panels

Meant for use in protected situations where the panels are to be covered with an exterior facing material and are designed to withstand the effect of weather for several days due to construction delays

Performance-Rated Plywood intended uses

Panels can be used in one of the following three situations: • Sheathing (over studs, floor joists, or rafters) • Combination floor sheathing • Exterior siding

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

Panels made with wood strands under high heat and pressure with alternate layers of strands and are oriented at right angles to each other in the same way as the veneers in a plywood panel.

Exposure durability of Plywood

Produced in two exposure-durability classifications: • Exterior • Exposure 1

Combination floor sheathing

Special type of floor sheathing that replaces a two layer covering over floor joists. The panels have been developed to act as sheathing as well as underlayment and are generally provided with a tongue-and-groove (T&G) profile along the long (8-ft) edges,