Cell Division
The table below represents a segment of a DNA molecule found in a stomach cell, both before and after undergoing replication. Which statement best describes a change that would most likely be observed in the cells formed as a result of this mitotic division? (1) An enzyme the cell produces might no longer function. (2) The cells would begin to form gametes to be released. (3) Many new hormones would be synthesized by the cells. (4) Chloroplasts would be produced by the ribosomes.
(1) An enzyme the cell produces might no longer function.
Which event occurring in the life cycle of a bacterium most directly involves the replication of DNA? (1) The bacterium copies its single chromosome. (2) As the cell grows, the two copies of the chromosome separate. (3) The cell divides as a partition separates it into equal halves. (4) Each new cell receives one copy of the chromosome.
(1) The bacterium copies its single chromosome.
The diagram below shows a process that can occur during meiosis. The most likely result of this process is (1) a new combination of inheritable traits that can appear in the offspring (2) an inability to pass either of these chromosomes on to offspring (3) a loss of genetic information that will produce a genetic disorder in the offspring (4) an increase in the chromosome number of the organism in which this process occurs
(1) a new combination of inheritable traits that can appear in the offspring
Which phrase best describes a process represented in the diagram below? (1) a zygote dividing by mitosis (2) a zygote dividing by meiosis (3) a gamete dividing by mitosis (4) a gamete dividing by meiosis
(1) a zygote dividing by mitosis
What is the process by which stem cells produce exact copies of themselves? (1) cell division by mitosis (2) cell division by meiosis (3) sexual reproduction (4) glucose synthesis
(1) cell division by mitosis
In sexually reproducing species, the number of chromosomes in each body cell remains the same from one generation to the next as a direct result of (1) meiosis and fertilization (2) mitosis and mutation (3) differentiation and aging (4) homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium
(1) meiosis and fertilization
Marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks a certain step in the separation of chromosomes. Which cellular process would be directly affected by this catalyst? (1) mitosis (2) diffusion (3) respiration 4) photosynthesis
(1) mitosis
The least genetic variation will probably be found in the offspring of organisms that reproduce using (1) mitosis to produce a larger population (2) meiosis to produce gametes (3) fusion of eggs and sperm to produce zygotes (4) internal fertilization to produce an embryo
(1) mitosis to produce a larger population
When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in (1) replication (2) fertilization (3) differentiation (4) evolution
(1) replication
Which two structures of a frog would most likely have the same chromosome number? (1) skin cell and fertilized egg cell (2) zygote and sperm cell (3) kidney cell and egg cell (4) liver cell and sperm cell
(1) skin cell and fertilized egg cell
The reproductive system of the human male produces gametes and (1) transfers gametes to the female for internal fertilization (2) produces enzymes that prevent fertilization (3) releases hormones involved in external fertilization (4) provides an area for fertilization
(1) transfers gametes to the female for internal fertilization
The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells. Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced? (1) The daughter cells will pass on only half of the genetic information they received from the original cell. (2) The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell. (3) The daughter cells will each undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproduction has occurred. (4) The daughter cells will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell.
(2) The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell.
Compared to a normal body cell, a normal egg cell contains (1) the same number of chromosomes (2) half the number of chromosomes (3) twice the number of chromosomes (4) four times the number of chromosomes
(2) half the number of chromosomes
Which processes lead to the greatest variety of genetic combinations? (1) asexual reproduction and cloning (2) meiosis and fertilization (3) meiosis and mitosis (4) cloning and mitosis
(2) meiosis and fertilization
Most cells in the body of a fruit fly contain eight chromosomes. In some cells, only four chromosomes are present, a condition which is a direct result of (1) mitotic cell division (2) meiotic cell division (3) embryonic differentiation (4) internal fertilization
(2) meiotic cell division
If a chemical that interrupts cell division is added to a culture of human liver tissue, which process would stop? (1) meiosis (2) mitosis (3) breakdown of glucose (4) diffusion of nutrients
(2) mitosis
The ability to produce increased amounts of lycopene will be passed on to new tomato cells as a direct result of (1) recycling (3) enzyme action (2) mitosis (4) gene expression
(2) mitosis
The diagram below represents a technique used to produce carrots. Which reproductive process determines the traits present in the cluster of cells? (1) meiosis (3) fertilization (2) mitosis (4) differentiation
(2) mitosis
After the union of sperm and egg, the single-celled zygote develops into a multicellular organism with specialized cells by the processes of (1) meiosis and replication (2) mitosis and differentiation (3) cloning and growth (4) fertilization and gamete production
(2) mitosis and differentiation
Which process allows a mammal to continue to grow in size? (1) mitosis of sex cells (2) mitosis of body cells (3) meiosis of sex cells (4) meiosis of body cells
(2) mitosis of body cells
The diagram below represents a yeast cell that is in the process of budding, a form of asexual reproduction. Which statement describes the outcome of this process? (1) The bud will develop into a zygote. (2) The two cells that result will each contain half the species number of chromosomes. (3) The two cells that result will have identical DNA. (4) The bud will start to divide by the process of meiotic cell division.
(3) The two cells that result will have identical DNA.
A human cell that contains all of the information necessary for the growth and development of a complete organism is (1) a sperm cell (3) a zygote (2) a gamete (4) an egg cell
(3) a zygote
DNA replication occurs in preparation for (1) mitosis, only (2) meiosis, only (3) both mitosis and meiosis (4) neither mitosis nor meiosis
(3) both mitosis and meiosis
A human zygote is produced from gametes that are usually identical in (1) the expression of encoded information (2) the number of altered genes present (3) chromosome number (4) cell size
(3) chromosome number
The inability of sperm cells to move normally could prevent the production of offspring by interfering with (1) meiosis (3) fertilization (2) mitosis (4) differentiation
(3) fertilization
Which characteristic of sexual reproduction has specifically favored the survival of animals that live on land? (1) fusion of gametes in the outside environment (2) male gametes that may be carried by the wind (3) fertilization within the body of the female (4) female gametes that develop within ovaries
(3) fertilization within the body of the female
Offspring that result from meiosis and fertilization each have (1) twice as many chromosomes as their parents (2) one-half as many chromosomes as their parents (3) gene combinations different from those of either parent (4) gene combinations identical to those of each parent
(3) gene combinations different from those of either parent
Which cell process occurs only in organisms that reproduce sexually? (1) mutation (2) replication (3) meiosis (4) mitosis
(3) meiosis
Melanoma is a type of cancer in which abnormal skin cells divide uncontrollably. Some chemotherapy drugs, which stop the growth of the cancer, directly interfere with the process of (1) meiosis (3) mitosis (2) coordination (4) recombination
(3) mitosis
The diagram below represents some stages of early embryonic development. Which process is represented by the arrows in the diagram? (1) meiosis (2) fertilization (3) mitosis (4) evolution
(3) mitosis
The sequence of events occurring in the life cycle of a bacterium is listed below. (A) The bacterium copies its single chromosome. (B) The copies of the chromosome attach to the cell membrane of the bacterium. (C) As the cell grows, the two copies of the chromosome separate. (D) The cell is separated by a wall into equal halves. (E) Each new cell has one copy of the chromosome .This sequence most closely resembles the process of (1) recombination (2) zygote formation (3) mitotic cell division (4) meiotic cell division
(3) mitotic cell division
In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually because the sexually reproducing species produce (1) more offspring in each generation (2) identical offspring (3) offspring with more variety (4) new species of offspring in each generation
(3) offspring with more variety
Compared to human cells resulting from mitotic cell division, human cells resulting from meiotic cell division would have (1) twice as many chromosomes (2) the same number of chromosomes (3) one-half the number of chromosomes (4) one-quarter as many chromosomes
(3) one-half the number of chromosomes
Which nuclear process is represented below? (1) recombination (2) fertilization (3) replication (4) mutation
(3) replication
A sudden change in the DNA of a chromosome can usually be passed on to future generations if the change occurs in a (1) skin cell (2) liver cell (3) sex cell (4) brain cell
(3) sex cell
Most cells in the body of a fruit fly contain eight chromosomes. How many of these chromosomes were contributed by each parent of the fruit fly?(1) 8 (2) 2 (3) 16 (4) 4
(4) 4
The diagram below represents a human reproductive system. Meiosis occurs within structure (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(4) D
Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis? (1) Both are involved in asexual reproduction. (2) Both occur only in reproductive cells. (3) The number of chromosomes is reduced by half. (4) DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus.
(4) DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus.
Which statement correctly describes the genetic makeup of the sperm cells produced by a human male? (1) Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical. (2) Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different. (3) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical. (4) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different.
(4) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different.
Which statement best explains the significance of meiosis in the process of evolution within a species? (1) The gametes produced by meiosis ensure the continuation of any particular species by asexual reproduction. (2) Equal numbers of eggs and sperm are produced by meiosis.(3) Meiosis produces eggs and sperm that are alike. (4) Meiosis provides for variation in the gametes produced by an organism.
(4) Meiosis provides for variation in the gametes produced by an organism.
How does the type of reproduction shown in method A in the diagram below differ from the type of reproduction shown in method B? (1) Method A illustrates sexual reproduction, and method B illustrates asexual reproduction.(2) Offspring produced by method B will be genetically alike, but offspring produced by method A will be genetically different. (3) The two cells shown in the last step of method A are genetically alike, but the two cells shown in the last step of method B are genetically different. (4) Offspring produced by method A will be genetically like the parent, but offspring produced by method B will be genetically different from the parents.
(4) Offspring produced by method A will be genetically like the parent, but offspring produced by method B will be genetically different from the parents.
Which cell is normally produced as a direct result of meiosis? (1) a uterine cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes (2) an egg having the full species number of chromosomes (3) a zygote having the full species number of chromosomes (4) a sperm having half the normal species number of chromosomes
(4) a sperm having half the normal species number of chromosomes
Before they can pass from a parent cell to its offspring cells, the inherited instructions that a human cell carries must first be (1) moved into the nucleus (2) broken down and made into DNA molecules (3) used to make specific protein molecules that form genes (4) accurately replicated
(4) accurately replicated
What normally happens immediately after fertilization in sexual reproduction? (1) specialization of cells to form a fetus from an egg (2) production of daughter cells having twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (3) production of daughter cells having half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (4) division of cells resulting in the development of an embryo from a zygote
(4) division of cells resulting in the development of an embryo from a zygote
Part of a process necessary for reproduction in complex organisms is represented below. Step C results in the production of (1) four zygotes that will develop into embryos (2) embryonic cells that could unite and develop into an organism (3) four cells that will recombine to form two offspring (4) gametes that could be involved in the formation of a zygote
(4) gametes that could be involved in the formation of a zygote
Tissues develop from a zygote as a direct result of the processes of (1) fertilization and meiosis (2) fertilization and differentiation (3) mitosis and meiosis (4) mitosis and differentiation
(4) mitosis and differentiation
In animals, the normal development of an embryo is dependent on (1) fertilization of a mature egg by many sperm cells (2) production of new cells having twice the number of chromosomes as the zygote (3) production of body cells having half the number of chromosomes as the zygote (4) mitosis and the differentiation of cells after fertilization has occurred
(4) mitosis and the differentiation of cells after fertilization has occurred
Genetic researchers have discovered a number of different gene mutations that have led to the development of cancer. These mutations affect how frequently a cell reproduces. Which process would be directly influenced by these mutations? (1) differentiation of cells in an embryo (2) meiotic cell division (3) division of sperm and egg cells (4) mitotic cell division
(4) mitotic cell division
The great variety of possible gene combinations in a sexually reproducing species is due in part to the (1) sorting of genes as a result of gene replication (2) pairing of genes as a result of mitosis (3) pairing of genes as a result of differentiation (4) sorting of genes as a result of meiosis
(4) sorting of genes as a result of meiosis
During meiosis, crossing-over (gene exchange between chromosomes) may occur. Crossing-over usually results in (1) overproduction of gametes (2) fertilization and development (3) the formation of identical offspring (4) variation within the species
(4) variation within the species
The chromosome content of a skin cell that is about to form two new skin cells is represented in the diagram below. Which diagram best represents the chromosomes that would be found in the two new skin cells produced as a result of this process? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D
1. A
The diagrams below represent some events in a cell undergoing normal meiotic cell division. Which diagram most likely represents a new cell resulting from meiotic cell division of the cell shown above? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D
1. A
The diagram to the right can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in 1. tissue repair 2. meiosis 3. recombination 4. sexual reproduction
1. tissue repair
The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the process represented by the letters in the diagram. 1. A-mitosis B-Meiosis C-Fertilization D-Differentiation 2. A-meiosis B-meiosis C-Fertilization D- Differentiation 3. A-meiosis B-mitosis C-differentiation D-fertilization 4. A-mitosis B-Mitosis C-differentiation D-fertilization
2. A-meiosis B-meiosis C-Fertilization D- Differentiation
The diagram below represents chromosomes in a zygote. Which diagrams best illustrate the daughter cells that result from normal mitotic cell division of this zygote? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D
2. B
Which expression correctly represents a reproductive process that usually occurs in humans where 2n is equal to the number of chromosomes in each body cell? 1. n+n-->n 2. n + n --> 2n 3. n + 2n ---> 2n 4. 2n + 2n --> 4n
2. n + n --> 2n
The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the production of offspring by an asexually reproducing organism? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D
3. C