Cell function

what is cellular respiration

the process of converting glucose or sugar molecules into a usable form of energy for the cell

Which ER has ribosomes attached to it?

the rough ER

heterotrophs cannot make-

their own food

Inside the chloroplasts, there are large stacks of other membranes called

thylakoids

What is the function of the smooth ER?

to make lipids that will be used in the cell membrane

Lysosomes are filled with-

very strong digestive enzymes

Plants have large, round vacuoles they primarily use for-

water storage

What may the vacuole store

water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

A cell is divided into-

2 parts

What are chromosomes made of?

DNA

What is the purpose of the mitochondria

cellular respiration

Which of the following structures can differentiate between a plant and animal cell?

chloroplast

Which organelle is the internal membrane system of a cell?

endoplasmic reticulum

What does the endoplasmic reticulum connect?

connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane

heterotrophs are-

consumers

The folds on the inner membrane in mitochondria are known as

cristae

What happens when the vacuole is filled with water

it creates turgor pressure to give strength and support to the cell. This allows the plant to support heavy structures like flowers and leaves

Which organelle helps clean up or destroy any debris that might build up inside the cell

lysosomes

Structures never found in plant cells-

lysosomes, centrioles, and flagella

Autotrophs can-

make their own food

What are the two types if fibers found in the cytoskeleton

micro filament and microtubules

Both plant and animal cells need to produce energy for cellular functions. In both cell types, this function is carried out by the-

mitochondria

Microfilaments also helps cell to-

move. they can assemble and diassemble rapidly causing movement

What is the cytoskeleton also involved in

movement

Autotrophs don't-

need to get food from outside sources

The nucleus is surrounded by a-

nuclear membrane

Chloroplasts are surrounded by an-

outer and an inner membrane

structures never found in animal cells

plastids(chloroplasts) cell wall and central vacuole

Which organelle regulates what enters and exits the cell

the cell membrane

which organelle is made mostly of lipids and proteins

the cell membrane

which organelle separates 1 cell from another

the cell membrane

What is the nucleus

the control center

the organelles of a cell do not float freely in the cytoplasm

the cytoskeleton

This systm of membranes is so extensive throughout the cell that is accounts for more than half the total membrane in a cell

the endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle modify,sort, and package the proteins that have arrived from the ER

the golgi apparatus

What is the cell membrane also called

the plasma membrane

What is the mitochondria

the powerhouse of the cell

Which ER has no ribosomes

the smooth ER

Which organelle has a function of digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell

Lysosomes

Which of the following lists structures found in both plant and animal cells?

Nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, cell membrane

What are the most numerous of the cell's organelles

Ribosomes

What is the nuclear membrane?

a double membrane that is dotted with thousands of pores

What is the cytoskeleton

a network of protein tubes and fibers that help the cell maintain its shape

What is a chloroplast similar to-

a solar power plant

What is a vacuole

a storage area in the cell

what is the cell wall?

a supporting structure found in the cells of plants and fungi

What are lysosomes surrounded by

a thick membrane because the cell would be destroyed if the enzymes were released

Proteins that were produced in the rough Er now move to the-

Golgi apparatus

What is the control center of the cell?

The nucleus

What is a large central vacuole

a very large vacuole found in mature plant cells

Examples of autotrophs

all green plants, some protists, and some bacteria

What does the nucleus contain?

all of the cell's DNA

What do the pores in the nuclear membrane allow?

allows materials to move in and out of the nucleus

cells must have-

an internal framework and support system to give shape and organization to a cell

Examples of heterotrophs

anything that falls into plant and fungi category

The cell structure that regulates the transfer of material in and out of the cell is the-

cell membrane

What are the functions of microtubules

cell shape, cell division-separate chromosomes, and form cilia and flagella

The cell wall is composed mostly of:

cellulose, tough carbohydrate function

Which organelle absorbs energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy of a molecule of sugar

chloroplasts

The nucleus is a round, double walled structure often found in the center of plant and animal cells. Its function is to-

contain genetic material

The thick, jelly-like substance that holds cell organelles in place inside the cell is the-

cytoplasm

Lysosomes are responsible for

destroying old organelles that no longer can do their job

Chloroplasts are oval discs with green chlorophyll found in plant cells. Animal cells lack chloroplasts because they-

do no perform photosynthesis

microfilaments form-

extensive frameworks inside the cell to give support to the cell. They help to bear mechanical stress

Where are the ribosomes found in the cell?

free floating in cytoplasm or attached to the ER

Where do heterotrophs get their food from?

from outside sources

What are the two functions of chromosomes?

genetic information and cell control

What is the nucleus the carrier of?

genetic information because this is where the genes are found

Each organelle-

has a specific job or function

Plants have a rigid outer layer called the cell wall. The function of the cell wall is to-

help the cell maintain its shape under the changing water pressure

Microtubules are-

hollow structures

how many mitochondria are found in a cell

hundreds or thousands

Ribosomes are the site-

if protein synthesis

What is the cristae in a mitochondria

in crease surface area for respiration

Where are chloroplasts found

in plant cells and other unicellular organisms that do photosynthesis

Where does photosynthesis take place

in the chloroplasts

Mitochondria have an-

inner membrane and an outer membrane

What is the function of the nucleolus?

manufactures the ribosomes

What can a vacuole also storage

organic compounds but they mostly store water

What is the cytoplasm

portion outside of the nucleus

Autotrophs are-

producers

the main function of the cell wall is to-

provide support and protection for the cell

All proteins of cell are made by the-

ribosomes

microfilaments are-

solid threadlike protein structures

What are organelles?

specialized structure found within a cell

The golgi apparatus appears as a-

stack of loosely connected membranes

Vacuoles are round organelles found in both plant and animal cells. Their main function is to-

store water, waste, and nutrients for the cell

The proteins in the golgi apparatus will either be-

stored in the cell or be secreted to the outside of the cell

which organelle maintains the shape of the cell

the cell membrane

What does the thylakoids contain

the green pigment chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis

The DNA has-

the instructions for making proteins

the rough ER is involved in-

the making of proteins

Which organelle controls activities

the nucleus

Which organelle controls reproduction

the nucleus

which organelle decides which/ when to make proteins(ribosomes)

the nucleus

What are the two parts of a cell?

the nucleus and cytoplasm