Cell Overview Review worksheet questions

Explain how the cytoplasmic streaming works. What is its purpose?

- cytosol flow cause ciruculation of the cell -Cytoskeleton slows cytosol flow -break increases cytosol flow to region

List the protein secretion pathway steps

. RER + carbs added .Golgi + store carbs .Membrane excocytosises the vesicle

What are 3 parts of cell theory?

1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of stucture for all organisms 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells (biogenesis)

What molecule does the mitochondriun manufacture? hint: energy

ATP

What are the three cells can move? Which one uses cytoplasmic streaming?

Amoebord cilia flagella

Hydrogen peroxid easily kills bacteria, which is why it is used as a disinfectant, although it doesn't human cell when applied to a wound. Why does hydrogen peroxid easily kiss bacteria, but not your cells?

Because cells have a phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane) and bacteria don't. the cell membrane utilizes it's permiability to reject the hydrogen peroxid.

If a neutrophil ( a type of white blood cell) performs phagocytoses on a bacterium, how will the neutrophin "digest" it

By using lysosomes to break and digest them down.

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane sysytem? A. RER B. SER C. Cytoskeleton D Golgi apparatus

Cytoskeleton

What is stored iin the nucleus of the cell?

DNA

If I wanted to visualize only the cytoskeleton arrangement of a fertilized egg, what combination of microscopy techniques would you use ? Why?

I would use flourensence and electron microscopy; flourensence to distinguish the molecular structure, and electron to view in greater detail.

What is the nucleoid region?

In prokaryotes, this is where the DNA is stored (where the nucleus is generally thought to me)

If a protein is destined for the nucleus, how does it get through the nuclear envelope?

It goes through the nuclear pore

What is the lysosome's general function? What does it contain?

Lysossomes break down food using hydrolyric enzymes -- which are enzymes that break down molecules using water, hense dehydration sythesase.

What molecules/organelles do plants have that animals don't, vise versa?

Plants: cell wall, chloroplast, central vacule animals: lysosomes, centroles, glagella

What do ribosomes assemble to make proteins?

Polypeptides

Ryan, a 20 year old who consumes alcohol regularly, offers cindy, who is also 20 years old, a few drinks of alcohol. Cindy has never tried alcohol, but Ryan claims she should have a few drinks and she won't get drunk, because he does it all the time and doen't get drunk. Why is Ryan's claim most likely false?

Ryan consumes alcohol regularly, which means he has an excess amount of SER (which break down toxins) in his liver, therefore, is more tolarant to alcohol. Cindy has never had alcohol so she most likely doesn't have as much SER.

A neutrophin detects a pathogen's (harmful bacteria) trace molecule via recepter-mediated pinocytosis. It moves towards the pathogen's trace molecule via amoeboid movment. What concept is described here?

Taxis (movement)

A bacteria detects the neutrophil's trace molecule. It engages in evasive maneuvers that consist of random movements and turns. What concept is described here?

Taxis i think

How is the SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) different from the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)? How are they similar?

The RER is dotted with ribosomes and the SER is not. they are similar because they are both located outside the nuclear envelope??? (i really don't know tbh)

In what organelles can glycoproteins receive their carbohydrate modifications?

The golgi apparatus

Explain the reason behind the folded shape of the cristae in the mitochondria. How does it benifit the organell?

The increased surface area of the membrane (cristae) allows for more enzymes to be placed on it.

What organelles are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? What kinds of organelless are prokaryotes missing?

They both have a cell membrane in common, but the prokaryotes are missing endoplasmic organelles

Why is it very possible that the chloroplast and mitochondria were once prokryotic

They have their own DNA (that are found exclusively in bacteria) and this allows the organell to make its own ribosomes and proteins.

A vesicle is transported fro the RER to the Gogli. What is the role of the cytoskeleton in vesicle transport?

They ride the cytoskeleton

Why do electron microscopes have better resolution (can view smaller details) than light microscopes?

This is because light microscopes are limited to the wave length light, which is larger, than the efficiancy of shooting electrons (which, individually, are much smaller than the wave length of light). Analogically, this can be thougth as electron microscopy having more "pixels" than light microscopes.

Why do plants need a giant central vacuole

To store water for turgor pressure

What is the purpose of having a double membrane aorund the nucleus?

Water in both the interior and exterior of the cells will confortably coexists next to the phospholipid head

What is exocytosis? Explain how the structure of a vesicle makes it possible.

exocytosis is when the vesicle is released (ejected) from the cell. The phospholipids from the vesicles fuses with the phospholipid-structured cell membrane, and then ejects the stuff stored inside the vesicle

Explain how the cytoskeleton is important for microvilli to function in the small intestine?

it gives it shape and absorbs food

As a cell is contrifuged, the ____ (more/less) dense particles sink while the ____ (more/less) dense particles stay on top.

more, less

List 2 or 3 functions of the cytoskeleton

provide stability, transports substances, and provides motility.