Cell Transport - Biology Lloyd

________ and ________ can move freely across a membrane by simple diffusion.

Oxygen and Carbon

Examples of Homeostasis are;

- Body temperature - Blood pressure - Water balance - Blood glucose concentration - Heart rate - pH level (how acidic the body is)

What are the two types of Active Transport?

- Endocytosis - Exocytosis

What are the three different types of solutions in Osmosis?

- Hypotonic - Hypertonic - Isotonic

Examples of diffusion are;

- Spraying perfume in the corner of a room - Dropping food coloring into a beaker of water

Hypertonic (6)

- a solution with a higher solute concentration then than the cell - cell tends to LOSE WATER - concentration of solutes in the solution is greater in the cell - concentration of water in the solution is less than that of the cell - crenation - plasmolysis

Hypotonic (7)

- best environment for a plant cell - a solution with a lower solute concentration then a cell - a cell GAINS WATER - the concentration of the solute in the solution is less then in the cell - the concentration of water in the solution is greater then in the cell - turgor pressure - lysis

Isotonic (3)

- best environment for an animal cell - a cell gains and looses water at the same rate - the solute concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell

Passive transport is driven by a ___________ _________.

Concentration gradient

What is found in the plasma membrane to provide rigidity and support?

Cholesterol

Diffusion continues as long as there is a _____________ _______.

Concentration gradient

A red blood cell will _________ in a hypertonic solution.

Crenate (from the world Crenation)

The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best described as the ______ model.

Fluid Mosaic Model

What is the term used to describe the maintenance of cellular balance?

Homeostasis

A cell will swell in a ________ solution.

Hypotonic

Turgor pressure in plant cells will ________ when the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.

Increase

When a cell and its surroundings have the same concentration of a dissolved substance, the surroundings are said to be __________.

Isotonic

What's the importance of Homeostasis?

It's necessary for the survival of an organism.

What type of energy does diffusion use?

Kinetic energy; the energy of movement

What is Exocytosis?

Large particles are removed from the cell when a vacuole or vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and the contents are released outside (popping a pimple)

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

Movement from high to low concentration, uses a protein carrier or a protein channel in the membrane

What is Passive Transport?

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration WITHOUT the use of energy.

What is Active Transport?

Movement of substances from low to high concentration with the help of protein carriers, this REQUIRES ENERGY.

What type of bilayer is the plasma membrane composed of?

Phospho Lipid

Osmosis refers specifically to the diffusion of what?

Water

Water will move to an area where there is a ________ solute (substances dissolved in a solution) concentration.

greater

In plants ___________ is a shrinking of cytoplasm due to osmosis.

plasmolysis

Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by _______ _______ during the process of facilitated diffusion.

protein carriers (or channels)

A _____ will bud off from the plasma membrane in the process of ________.

vesicle, exocytosis

A cell can spill ______ to the extracellular fluid by the process of _______.

waste, exocytosis

During Active Transport, ____ molecules are broken apart to provide energy to move the substances against the concentration gradient.

ATP

____ provides energy to drive _____ transport.

ATP, active transport

Sugars enter a cell through the process of ______ ____________.

Active transport

What's the importance in diffusion?

- Kinetic energy means that all molecules are constantly moving - They hit each other and spread around - Eventually they spread around evenly in space

Examples of passive transport are;

- Osmosis - Diffusion - Facilitated Diffusion

What are the two types of Endocytosis?

- Phagocytosis: cell eating - solids - Pinocytosis: cell drinking - liquids

Give three differences between Active and Passive Transport:

1. Active uses energy and Passive doesn't 2. Active is from low to high concentration and Passive is from high to low concentration 3. Active is like riding a bike uphill and Passive is like riding a bike downhill

Getting through the membrane - 3 factors

1. Can it dissolve in lipids 2. Size of the molecule 3. Moving up or down concentration gradient

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion::

1. Concentration - the greater the difference in concentration, the more rapid rate of diffusion. 2. Temperature - increase in temperature equals increase in rate of diffusion 3. Pressure - increase in pressure equals increase in rate of diffusion

Substances diffuse from an area of (1)______ concentration to an area of (2)_____ concentration?

1. High 2. Low

Phospholipids have a (1)__________ head which is (2)______ and has tails which are (3)_______.

1. Hydrophobic 2. Non - polar 3. Hydrophilic

Cell Membrane - 3 things

1. Must maintain its fluid environment 2. Certain material must be able to pass in and out of the cell 3. Two ways of getting into the cell ( Passive Transport and Active Transport)

Water gained by a plant cell during (1)_______ is stored in the (2)________.

1. Osmosis 2. Vacuole

Fluid Mosaic Model - 4 factors

1. Phospholipids not bonded together. 2. Unsaturated fatty acids provide flexibility 3. Cholesterol molecules give support 4. Proteins act as channels

What is Osmosis?

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is Endocytosis?

Engulfing of large particles into the cell by formation of a vesicle during infolding of the cell membrane.

What is Lysis?

Exploding of an animal cell due to a gain in the water when placed in a hypotonic solution.

What organelle maintains a state of Homeostasis in the cell?

Plasma membrane

What is turgor pressure?

Pressure exerted on plant cell walls as a result of a gain in water in hypotonic solutions.

STUDY ALL DIAGRAMS IN NOTES PACKET

STUDY ALL WORKSHEETS LEADING UP TO THE TEST

Since a membrane permits the passage of water but excludes large proteins it's said to be what? (2 words)

Selectively Permeable

What is Homeostasis?

The ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal balance - it's a steady state.

What is diffusion?

The movement of a substance (ions) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is Plasmolysis?

The shrinking of a plant cell due to the loss of water in a hypertonic environment.

What is crenation?

The shrinking of an animal cell due to the loss of water in a hypertonic environment