Cellular Transport Review

_____ is the molecule that provides the energy for active transport.

ATP

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of ______ transport

Active

______ transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across membranes.

Active

pinocytosis

Endocytosis that brings in small dissolved molecules (solutes) and fluids

Hypertonic

GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside

Cells stay the same size when placed in an ____ solution because the amount of water leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water entering.

Isotonic

Hypotonic

LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside

Isotonic

SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell as inside

Plasmolysis

The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall. It happens when a plant cell is placed into hypertonic solution.

Cytolysis

The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells when water enters. This happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.

osmotic pressure

The pressure exerted by water moving during osmosis

Turgor Pressure

The pressure inside a plant cell caused by water pushing against the cell wall

Crenation

The shrinking of ANIMAL cells that are placed in a HYPERTONIC solution

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and Na+-K+ pumps are all kinds of ___ transport because they use energy to move substances across membranes.

active

When molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient it means they are moving from ______.

an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

A ____ protein is an integral membrane protein that helps move molecules across a cell membrane.

channel

A _______ forms whenever there is a difference in concentration between one place and another.

concentration gradient

When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure will _______

decrease

Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across cell membranes using ____________.

diffusion

_____ moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across membranes.

diffusion

Osmosis

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

When molecules move from high to low along a concentration gradient we say they are moving "___" the gradient.

down

During diffusion molecules tend to move _____________

down the concentration gradient

A cell must expend energy to transport substances using ________.

endocytosis

Pinocytosis & phagocytosis are both kinds of

endocytosis

Active transport requires _____ to move molecules across membranes.

energy

Golgi bodies use ____ to release molecules outside the cell.

exocytosis

Golgi bodies use ______ to transport molecules out of cells

exocytosis

During ____ diffusion carrier proteins grab glucose molecules, change shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving door.

facilitated

Glucose enters cells most rapidly by _________

facilitated diffusion

Placing plant cells in a HYPOTONIC solution causes the osmotic pressure to _______.

increase

Proteins (like carrier proteins) that stick INTO the cell membrane either part way or all the way through are called ____ proteins.

integral

The carrier proteins that help in facilitated diffusion are ________ proteins.

integral

Ca++, H+, Na+, and K+ move across membranes by going through passageways called ______

ion channels

A cell placed in an ____ solution neither swells or shrinks because the concentration of molecules outside the cell is the same as inside.

isotonic

Energy for active transport comes from a cell's _______

mitochondria

The cell organelles that burns glucose and provides ATP for active transport are the _____

mitochondria

Placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will cause water to _______

move into the cell

Water moves across membranes by ____

osmosis

____ transport does NOT REQUIRE energy.

passive

White blood cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria using _______.

phagocytosis

White blood cells use ____ to engulf and destroy bacteria that the glycoproteins recognize as "not self".

phagocytosis

Kind of endocytosis that takes in small dissolved molecules (solutes) or fluids =

pinocytosis

The shrinking of a plant cell membrane away from the cell wall when placed in a hypertonic solution is called ____

plasmolysis

A _____ uses ATP to move three Na+ ions out of a cell while it moves two K+ ions in.

sodium potassium pump

Solute

substance that dissolves to make a solution

A small membrane sac used to transport substances during exocytosis & endocytosis =

vesicle