cert 5

Which of the following is another term for Port Address Translation (PAT)?

NAT overloading

What does a hierarchical star-mesh topology involve?

Nodes at the top of the hierarchy configured in a mesh for redundancy

What is the first step in diagnosing VLAN assignment issues using ping?

Ping the loopback address, then the host's own IP address.

Which of the following NAT implementations maps a single private IP address to a single public IP address on the NAT router?

Static NAT

You have a small network at home that is connected to the Internet. On your home network, you have a server with the IP address of 192.168.55.199/16. You have a single public address that is shared by all hosts on your private network. You want to configure the server as a web server and allow internet hosts to contact the server to browse a personal website. What should you use to allow access to this configuration?

Static NAT

Which of the following can you use to create a virtual LAN?

Switch

What protocol does BGP use for its operation?

TCP

What does an entry for the default route typically contain in the routing table of an end system?

The destination 0.0.0.0/0

You notice that for a specific destination, a less specific route is being preferred over a more specific one. What could be the reason?

The more specific route has a higher administrative distance.

What is the preferred route selection when there are paths to the same destination with different prefix lengths?

The path with the longest prefix length

What happens when a routing protocol's database contains more than one route to the same destination prefix?

The path with the lowest cost metric is used.

In the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), how does a router determine the optimal path to a given destination network?

The path with the lowest hop count

What factor is considered when there are identical paths with equal administrative distances to a destination?

The path with the lowest metric value

What does convergence mean in the context of dynamic routing?

The process whereby routers running dynamic routing algorithms agree on the network topology

What happens if there are multiple matches against a destination in the routing table?

The route with the longest prefix wins.

What indicates an incomplete ARP entry in a router's ARP cache?

The router has sent an ARP request but has not received a reply.

Which of the following problems does NAT help address?

The shortage of IPv4 addresses

What can be based on the rules defined in a packet filtering firewall's ACL?

The specific type of data packet and the appropriate action to take

What should be verified if you cannot ping any remote hosts during VLAN troubleshooting?

The switch and router configuration

What is a key characteristic of the devices used in the core layer?

They establish a full mesh topology with switches in distribution layer blocks.

Which of the following best describes packet filtering firewalls?

They inspect the headers of IP packets and filter based on rules.

What is the primary advantage of deploying Layer 3 switches in the core and distribution layers of a network for VLAN routing?

They reduce the need for external routers by routing between VLANs internally.

What happens to the packets returned from the Internet in a PAT configuration?

They undergo reverse mapping to insert the original IP address and port number.

How are communications between VLANs facilitated?

Through an IP router or layer 3 capable switch

What was the primary reason for the development of Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)?

To address limitations in IGRP, such as lack of support for classless addressing

What is the purpose of the hello messaging in EIGRP?

To confirm connectivity with its neighbors

What is the primary role of an edge router in a network?

To connect internal networks to external networks

What is the primary function of an untagged port in a VLAN configuration?

To forward traffic within the same VLAN without adding a tag

What is the primary purpose of establishing the scope of a VLAN assignment issue?

To identify the specific problem and its impact on the network

What is the primary purpose of using a hybrid topology in modern networks?

To implement redundancy and fault tolerance

What is the primary purpose of trunking in a network?

To interconnect multiple switches and build the network fabric

What is the primary function of Port Address Translation (PAT)?

To map multiple private IP addresses onto a single public IP address

What is the main function of the core layer in a three-tiered network hierarchy?

To provide a high-speed backbone for the network

Why is it recommended to change the native VLAN from its default setting?

To reduce the risk of VLAN hopping attacks

Why might a medium-sized network opt for a collapsed core model?

To simplify the network by combining core and distribution layers

When troubleshooting routing issues, why might you ping the router nodes that are neighbors of the system with the issue?

To verify basic connectivity

In which of the following tables does a NAT router store port numbers and their associated private IP address mappings?

Translation table

You manage a network with two switches. The switches are connected together through their Gigabit Ethernet uplink ports. You define VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 on each switch. A device on the first switch in VLAN 1 needs to communicate with a device on the second switch in VLAN 1. What should you configure to allow communication between these two devices through the switches?

Trunking

What is the primary difference between tagged and untagged ports regarding VLAN tags?

Untagged ports do not add or remove VLAN tags from frames within the same VLAN.

Kate, a network administrator, has been tasked with staying within the company budget. She has a large network and doesn't want to spend more than she needs to on purchasing and registering multiple public IP addresses for each of the hosts on her network. Which of the following methods could help her provide internet access but also keep costs low and limit the number of registered IP addresses her organization needs to purchase?

Use Network Address Translation.

How is the access layer typically implemented for each site in a three-tiered network hierarchy?

Using structured cabling and wall ports for wired access and access points for wireless access

You need to keep users in all other departments from accessing the servers used by the finance department. Which of the following technologies should you use to logically isolate the network?

VLANs

A medium-sized enterprise has recently upgraded its network infrastructure to support increased traffic and to introduce redundancy for higher reliability. The network design includes multiple routers and redundant paths to ensure continuous connectivity even if a link fails. However, after the upgrade, the network team has observed intermittent connectivity issues where certain data packets do not reach their intended destinations, especially immediately following a link failure or during network configuration changes. This issue resolves itself after a short period but causes temporary disruptions to network services. Based on this description, what is the most likely cause of the intermittent connectivity issues observed in the enterprise network?

A black hole

What does the term "transparent" firewall refer to?

A firewall implemented as a layer 2/virtual wire

What can cause convergence problems in a dynamic routing network?

A flapping interface

What is the primary difference between a router and a layer 3 switch?

A layer 3 switch cannot perform WAN routing.

If you cannot ping the default gateway during VLAN troubleshooting, what should you look for?

A problem with either the host or switch/router configuration

What does the split horizon mechanism prevent in routing protocols?

A router from advertising a route back to the router from which it was learned

What is a "router on a stick"?

A router with a single interface connected to a trunk port on the switch

In the context of a three-tiered network hierarchy, what is the principle of "route once, switch many"?

A routing and switching principle used by layer 3 switches

If you can ping a host's default gateway but cannot ping hosts on remote networks, what should you suspect?

A routing issue

A small tech startup, TechInnovate, has recently moved to a new office and is in the process of setting up their internet connection. They have been allocated a single public IP address by their Internet Service Provider (ISP). The company has 25 employees, each with at least one device that needs to connect to the Internet. The IT manager decides to implement Port Address Translation (PAT) on their network router. Given this scenario, which of the following outcomes is MOST likely to occur as a result of implementing PAT?

All devices will be able to access the Internet simultaneously using the single public IP address.

What is a key difference between an appliance firewall and a router firewall?

An appliance firewall performs only the function of a firewall.

In the context of VoIP, what does the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) facilitate?

Automatic assignment of voice VLAN ID to handsets

If a router has two routes to the same destination with identical prefix lengths, how does it choose the best route?

By choosing the route with the lowest metric

A network technician is looking at the interfaces on an edge router. The technician comes across a customer's router. What is this side of the interface called?

CE

Your company has recently expanded its network infrastructure to include several new departments, each with its own set of networks and routers. To improve network efficiency and manageability, you decide to implement OSPF as the routing protocol. You are tasked with designing the OSPF deployment. Given the hierarchical nature of OSPF, how would you structure the OSPF areas?

Designate each department as a separate OSPF area, all connected through a central backbone area (Area 0).

Which layer in the three-tiered network hierarchy is responsible for providing fault-tolerant interconnections between different access blocks?

Distribution Layer

A medium-sized enterprise has recently expanded its operations, resulting in a significant increase in the number of employees. The company's network now includes over 200 devices that require internet access. The enterprise has been allocated a small pool of public IP addresses by their Internet Service Provider (ISP). The network administrator needs to configure a NAT solution that allows all devices to access the Internet without assigning a specific public IP address to each device. Which type of NAT should the network administrator implement to meet these requirements?

Dynamic NAT

A new Internet Service Provider (ISP) is setting up its network infrastructure. The ISP's primary goal is to ensure that data packets are routed using the most efficient paths to minimize latency and maximize throughput. The network team is evaluating various routing protocols to deploy within their autonomous system that will best meet these requirements. Given the ISP's focus on efficiency and performance, which routing protocol should they consider implementing?

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

Your company has recently expanded its operations and opened a new branch office. As the IT manager, you are tasked with setting up the network infrastructure for this new location. The office will connect to the company's main data center via the Internet for access to centralized resources. You need to select a router that will manage the traffic between the branch office's local area network (LAN) and the wide area network (WAN) internet access efficiently. Which type of router would be most suitable for this purpose?

Edge router

During the setup of a new VoIP system, a network engineer notices that the VoIP phones are not receiving the correct voice VLAN configuration from the switch. The phones and PCs are connected as intended, with PCs connected to the phones, and the phones connected to the switch. The switch supports both Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP). Which of the following actions should the engineer take to ensure the VoIP phones receive the correct VLAN configuration?

Enable CDP on the switch and ensure it is supported and enabled on the VoIP phones.

Which of the following is NOT a metric used by BGP for path selection?

Encryption strength

How often does RIP send updates by default?

Every 30 seconds

What type of routing system is OSPF considered to be?

Hierarchical

What is the effect of assigning Host A to VLAN 10 and Host B to VLAN 20 on the same switch?

Host A and Host B cannot communicate directly.

What response does the tracert command expect after sending an Echo Request probe with a TTL of 1?

ICMP Time Exceeded

What is a symptom of a routing loop?

ICMP Time Exceeded error messages

In IPv4, which header fields are used to manage packet fragmentation?

ID, Flags, and Fragment Offset

Under which of the following circumstances might you implement BGP on your company network and share routes with internet routers?

If the network is connected to the Internet using multiple ISPs

You manage a local area network with several switches. A new employee has started today, so you connect her workstation to a switch port. After connecting the workstation, you find that it can't get an IP address from the DHCP server. You check the link and status lights and see that the connection is working properly. A ping to the workstation's loopback address succeeds. No other computers seem to have the problem. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the problem?

Incorrect VLAN assignment

What is the effect of a poison route in distance vector routing protocols?

It advertises a route with a hop count of 16 to indicate the network is unreachable.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a packet filtering firewall?

It can inspect only port numbers and not any other Layer 4 header information.

What is a characteristic of an enterprise-class router firewall compared to a SOHO router firewall?

It can support far more sessions.

Why should user data traffic be avoided over the default VLAN?

It increases the risk of data breaches.

What is a key feature of an advanced services router?

It provides network edge connectivity over Carrier Ethernet networks.

What is the primary benefit of sharing a single physical wall port between a PC and a VoIP handset?

It reduces the overall cost of network infrastructure.

In RIP, what happens when a router receives an update that includes a route to a network it already knows about?

It replaces its existing route with the new one only if the hop count is lower.

What role does the Interface parameter play in a routing table entry?

It specifies the local interface used for forwarding the packet.

In the context of packet forwarding, what is the significance of the Hop Limit field in IPv6?

It specifies the maximum number of hops a packet can take before being discarded.

What layer of the OSI model do packet filtering firewalls operate at?

Layer 3

A network engineer is analyzing the OSPF setup in a multi-area OSPF network for a large enterprise. The network consists of several departments, each configured as a separate OSPF area, and all connected through a central backbone area (Area 0). The engineer notices that some of the departments are experiencing slow convergence times after a network change. What could be the reason for the slow convergence times in these departments?

Link State Advertisements (LSAs) are not being propagated efficiently within the affected areas.

What is the principal difference between link state and distance vector protocols?

Link state protocols allow each node to hold a copy of the complete network topology.

Which of the following best describes the function of subnetting?

Logically dividing an IP network into smaller subnetworks

What does a stateful inspection firewall do that a stateless firewall does not?

Maintains stateful information about the session established between two hosts

Which mechanism is used by distance vector protocols to prevent routing loops by declaring a network unreachable after a certain hop count?

Maximum hop count

What is the default VLAN ID on a switch?

1

Which of the following is a typical feature of a workgroup switch used at the access layer?

1 Gbps access ports

Which of the following is the IEEE network standard that supports virtual LANs in an Ethernet network and is used in port tagging?

802.1Q

What must be configured if DHCP services are located in a different VLAN from the client devices?

A DHCP relay

A network engineer is configuring a new segment in their company's network. They need to ensure that packets destined for the Internet are correctly forwarded through the company's gateway router. After setting up the configurations, they notice that only packets to local destinations are successfully delivered, while packets intended for the Internet are not. What is the MOST likely configuration the engineer needs to verify or add?

Configure a default route pointing to the gateway router.

What is a "star of stars" topology primarily used for?

Connecting a central office to branch offices in a WAN

What does ingress and egress traffic filtering refer to?

Controlling both inbound and outbound network traffic

What is an integrated services router designed to combine?

DSL Internet access, Ethernet switch, Wi-Fi, and VoIP

During a network audit, it was discovered that an EIGRP-configured network was experiencing slow convergence times following topology changes. The network is designed with redundancy in mind, containing multiple loops and alternative paths between routers. What should the auditor recommend to improve convergence times in the EIGRP network?

Review and optimize the EIGRP topology table to ensure efficient path selection.

You are unsure if the gateway address is correct for one of your subnetworks because traffic is not leaving the network. Which of the following tables could you look at to check if the gateway address is correct?

Routing table

A network administrator wants to set up a switch with a voice or auxiliary Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) to distinguish the PC and VoIP traffic without having to set up a trunk port. Which of the following commands should the administrator perform first?

interface GigabitEthernet0/0

Which command reports the VLAN IDs configured on the switch and the ports assigned to them?

show vlan

While working on a Linux server, you're unable to connect to the Windows Server system on the Internet. You are able to ping the default gateway on your own network, so you suspect that the problem lies outside the local network. Which utility would you use to track the route a packet takes as it crosses the network?

traceroute

A network engineer has been tasked with diagnosing a connectivity issue affecting only IPv6 traffic between their company's network and a new branch office. Initial reports indicate that IPv4 traffic is unaffected, suggesting the problem is specific to the IPv6 network path. The network engineer decides to use the traceroute command to identify where the connectivity issue might be occurring along the IPv6 route. Given the specific focus on diagnosing an IPv6 connectivity issue, which traceroute command option should the network engineer use to ensure the analysis targets the IPv6 network path?

traceroute -6