CH 08 REVIEW QUIZ

(Q012) Where are the vast majority of emerging economies found?

Asia

(Q013) In the United States, the price of agricultural products is often managed by destroying crops that have been overproduced. What does such information suggest about global hunger problems?

Hunger problems are more a result of unequal distribution of food than any overall food shortages.

(Q010) What is true about the relationship between the technology gap and global inequality?

In a global system, the technology gap is both a result of, and a further cause of, disparities in wealth between nations.

(Q005) Dependency theories are built on ideas formulated by which theorist?

Karl Marx

(Q001) Which statement MOST accurately describes the general movement of countries across the four classes established by the World Bank to measure global inequality?

Overall movement of countries across the board has been in an upward direction.

(Q015) Neoliberalism argues that

all government regulation of business is detrimental to economic growth.

(Q009) What explains why the term emerging economies might be applied to countries that are classified as middle-income countries as well as to those classified as high-income countries? The term

describes countries that, over the past two or three decades, have developed a strong industrial base.

(Q002) Global inequality leads us to a comparison of rich and poor countries partly on the basis of the per person gross national income (GNI). Consider the classification of high-, middle-, and low-income countries and note what factors are thought of as advantageous. Two of the most important factors are

early industrialization and better education.

(Q019) A _____ is a worldwide network of labor and production processes whose end result is a finished commodity.

global commodity chain

(Q008) The problem of trade imbalances, sometimes called the balance of trade, has been a constant challenge. One response was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Enacted in 1994, this agreement changed the economic relationship of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The adoption of such agreements as NAFTA would be consistent with what theoretical approach to global theories of inequality?

market-oriented

(Q014) According to _____ theory, global inequality results from various dysfunctional characteristics of poor societies themselves.

modernization

(Q022) Which tier, according to world-systems theorists, is a major source of raw materials and cheap labor?

peripheral countries

(Q016) The peripheral countries differ from the core countries with one exception.

racial background

(Q021) The _____ countries consist of former colonies that are making considerable headway in their attempts to industrialize and grow.

semiperipheral

(Q017) According to dependency theorists, multinational corporations continue their exploitation of emerging economies by

supporting local authoritarian regimes.

Q011) The Grameen Bank pioneered the idea of microfinance and microlending in the early 1980s. Many microlending operations today use cell phones as a method for both requesting and issuing a loan. Cell-phone use is prolific, with India, Brazil, Nigeria, and Pakistan among the top-ten highest-percentage users of cell phones by country in the world. Countries where cell phones are used to manage microloans would be considered

technology adopters.

(Q004) Food production in the world doubled between 1965 and 1999, and yet malnutrition and starvation persist. One reason this continues to be the case is that

the food production itself is not evenly distributed worldwide.

(Q007) If you have a smartphone, it has parts and subassemblies that come from all over the world, including Mexico, Israel, Belgium, Hungary, Singapore, South Korea, and China. The demand for these devices fuels the need for the parts and subassemblies. This describes

the global commodity chain.

Q003) In this chapter, the infographic on global inequality includes information about fertility rates and mortality rates. The fertility rate in a low-income country tends to be more than twice that in a high-income country, and the mortality rate in a low-income country tends to be twenty times higher than that in a high-income country. Given the higher fertility (birth) rate in a low-income country, one major factor that might explain the dramatically higher mortality rate would be that

the lack of adequate medical and health resources in a low-income country is far greater than in high-income countries.

(Q006) What is dependent development?

the theory that poor countries can develop economically but only in ways shaped by their reliance on wealthier countries

(Q020) According to the International Labour Organization (2017), there are more than ______ children between the ages of five and fourteen engaged in child labor worldwide, _____ of whom are engaged in hazardous work.

114 million; 35 million

(Q018) _____ refers to the control of developing societies by more developed, powerful societies.

Colonialism