CH 1

What are the four ways of measuring age?

Chronological Biological Social Psychological

_______________ encompasses the behavior patterns and beliefs that are passed from generation to generation.

Culture

Which of the following are cognitive theories of development?

Erikson's psychosocial theory Vygotsky's sociocultural theory (TRUE) Piaget's developmental theory (TRUE) Information-processing theory (TRUE)

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects what is important in the study of life-span development?

It is important to study growth as well as decline when studying the life span.

The average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live is called ___________ expectancy.

Life

Drawing conclusions about the abilities or behaviors of ethnic minority groups from a study in which all the participants came from the ethnic majority group is an example of cultural and ethnic ____________

bias

Research results from studies done with participants who are not from diverse cultures or ethnic groups have sometimes been applied to people who are from diverse cultures and ethnic groups. This is clearly a case of cultural and ethnic

bias

Match each of the three major types of research design with its correct description.

descriptive-aims to observe and record behavior experimental-aims to understand causality correlational-aims to provide information that helps to predict how people will behave

Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories of development assume that ______.

development does not occur in a stage-like fashion (TRUE) development is discontinuous personality is formed in early childhood as a child is passing through psychosexual stages there are critical and sensitive periods in development

In lifespan development, which term refers to the capacity for change?

plasticity

The ____________ period of development is the time from conception to birth

prenatal

The ___________ ___________ consists of the following steps: conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect research data, analyze the data, and draw conclusions.

scientific method

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of research designs?

Correlational research Descriptive research Standardized research (TRUE) Experimental research

True or false: Life-span development focuses mostly on the rapid growth and development that occurs during childhood.

FALSE

Which statement about the human life span is TRUE?

In the 20th century, human life expectancy increased by 50+ years in the United States. The maximum human life span has not changed since the beginning of recorded history. (TRUE) The upper boundary of the human life span is based on the average age to which people live. The maximum life span is 100 years.

Which of the following represent main issues that impact how we look at development?

Nature and nurture Continuity and discontinuity Stability and change

______ age refers to an individual's ability to adapt to change as compared to other people who have lived the same amount of time.

Psychological

Life-span development is defined as the pattern of change that begins ______ and continues ______

at conception; through the human life span

Match the process of development with its example.

biological- Physical Stature cognitive- Language and Intelligence socioemotional- Relationship with others

The prenatal period is the time from ______.

conception to birth

Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories emphasize ______.

continuity in development

The three main issues that influence how we look at development are nature and nurture, ________ and _______, and stability and change.

continuity, discontinuity

Developmentalists believe that biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes ______.

interact as people develop

Because Melissa is intrigued with how people change from infancy through late adulthood, she should study ___________ development.

life-span

One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Piaget's developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories.

psychoanalytic behavioral ethological cognitive (True)