Ch 1 & 2 smartbook
what are the functions of the genome
- storage of information - instrument of evolutionary change - providing continuity from one generation to the next
in humans, water comprises approximately what % of body weight.
60-70%
Why are atoms likely to share electrons?
Because they have unfilled outer valence shells.
The information necessary to produce an organisms proteome is contained in the
DNA
if you add H+ ions to a solution it becomes more
acidic
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to
attract electrons
ionic bond
bond between a cation and an anion
hydrogen bond
bond between atoms with partial positive an partial negative charges
non polar covalent bond
bond in which two atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bond
bond in which two atoms share electrons unequally
Hydrolysis reactions:
break apart molecules via water
living organisms minimize changes in their internal pH using compounds called
buffers
Ch 1
ch 1
ch 2
ch 2
what occurs during all chemical reactions
chemical bonds are broken or formed
The ____ force of water molecules aids in the movement of fluids through the vessels of plants
cohesive
The amount of solute dissolved in a given solution is the solutions
concentration
the process of collecting and analyzing data without a preconceived hypothesis is referred to as _______
discovery based science
which subatomic particle is found in the space that surrounds the nucleus?
electron
A pure substance made up of only one atom is called an
element
Which of the following are functions of water in animals
flush out wastes dissolve chemicals and nutrients serve as a lubricant during feeding
The collection of all the genetic material (DNA) in a cell or organism is called the
genome
which types of chemical bonds are easily broken in water?
hydrogen , ionic
a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon is called a scientific _____
hypothesis
A mutation may accumulate in a population if it ______ an organisms chances of survival and reproduction
improves
within an atoms structure, electrons can be found
in cloud like orbitals
An atom that has gained or lost electrons, and thus has a net electric charge is called a(n)
ion
A covalent bond is one in which a pair of electrons
is shared between two atoms
The traditional view of evolution is in a vertical manner which involves a progression of changes in a series of ancestors called a(n)
lineage
which component of humans has the greatest percent of water
lungs
Anything that contains mass and occupies space is called
matter
in vertical evolution, new species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of ______ which are changes in the genetic message
mutations
in a single element, how many types of atoms can be found?
one
Amphipathic molecules have both types of regions
polar ; non polar or hydrophilic; hydrophobic
The role of most genes is to encode mRNAs that are used in the production of
proteins / polypeptides
The entire protein complement of a cell or organism is called the
proteome
The large scale study and cataloging of the proteins in a single species is called ________. - helps understand the levels of biological organization
proteomics
which subatomic particles are confined to a small volume within the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
which two particles determine an elements atomic mass
protons and neutrons
Atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of
protons in the nucleus
What are the three subatomic particles
protons, neutrons, electrons
substances dissolved in liquid are called
solutes
A solution is composed of ____ dissolved in a ____
solutes ; solvent
A liquid that can dissolve substances is known as a
solvent
the most specific level of classification is the
species
A mutation that increases an organisms chance of ______ and ______ will tend to accumulate in a population
survival reproduction
atoms that have partially filled energy shells...
tend to share, lose, or gain electrons they can form compounds
Energy is defined as
the capacity to do work
What carries the information to produce a proteome
the genome
what carries the information to produce a proteome
the genome
valence electrons are found in
the outermost energy shell
What happens to the pH of a solution when H+ ions are added to it
the pH decreases
what are common features of chemical reactions
they require a source of energy proceed toward equilibrium require catalysts take place in a watery environment
chemical bonds can form among atoms due to the presence of unpaired ______ electrons
valence
Electrons in an atoms outermost energy shells are called
valence electrons
When evolution involves a progression of changes in a series of ancestors called a lineage, it is referred to as
vertical evolution