ch. 1 intro to restorative materials, ch. 3 sealants

15. A sealer is used to replace pulpal tissue for which of the following reasons? To sterilize the pulp canal To remove bacteria from the pulp of the tooth To prevent bacteria from entering the pulp chamber All of the above

When the pulpal tissues are removed, a sealer replaces pulpal tissue to prevent the ingress of bacteria. A sealer does not sterilize the pulp canal or remove bacteria.

smooth-based depression on occlusal surface of tooth

a groove; can be cleaned by toothbrush

thixotropic

a neutral sodium fluoride; contains sodium fluoride and thickening agents, polyacrylic acid and a gum; --has low flow under no load but flows readily when placed under load; --has pH between 6 and 8 to minimize acid etching of restorative materials

10. Composites in restorative dentistry are comprised of a. ceramics and polymers, b. polymers and metals, c. metals and ceramics

a. ceramics and polymers,

2. A direct restorative material used to restore a small portion of an anterior tooth should have which of the following properties? --esthetics, high strength, stiffness, ease of casting

a. esthetics, b. high strength

7. The periodic table of the elements contains all known elements in the universe. t/f

a. true

partial dentures use a framework of stiff alloy that rests on specific abutment teeth and distributes occlusal biting forces evenly and appropriately to remaining teeth

acrylic teeth then bonded to framework, which is held in place by clasps that engage the abutment teeth

10. Which of the following conditions may require a restorative dental procedure? Amelogenesis imperfecta Defective dentin Congenitally missing teeth All of the above

all of the above

2. Which of the following can be directly related to tooth damage? TMJ deterioration Loss of self-esteem Compromised social well-being All of the above

all of the above

3. An intracoronal restoration may be fabricated from which of the following materials? --amalgam, resin composite, gold-based alloy or ceramic

all of the above

3. There is evidence to support more than a causal link between oral health and which of the following? Systemic disease Arthritis Abnormal pregnancy All of the above

all of the above

11. Which of the following is/are used to restore a tooth with pulpal damage? Endodontic restorative treatment Intracoronal restorations Extracoronal restorations All of the above

all of the above; When the damage to the tooth involves the pulpal tissues, then endodontic restorative treatments are used in addition to intracoronal and/or extracoronal restorations.

5. The most common place for plaque to accumulate is which of the following? Pits and fissures of teeth Smooth, interproximal surfaces of teeth At the cervical 1/3 of the tooth All of the above

all of the above; A carious lesion can occur on any tooth surface but occur most common in areas where plaque accumulates unchecked - in the pits and fissures, along the gingival, and interproximally.

5. A full crown on a maxillary anterior tooth may be restored with which of the following restorative materials? --ceramic, gold-based alloy, resin composite, ceramic-alloy combination

all? or a, c, d

3 classes of dental materials

alloys, ceramics, polymers

examples of alloys

amalgam, partial denture framework, orthodontic wires, endo files, inlays, crowns, implants and abutments

pit and fissure

an enamel groove, the result of noncoalescence of enamel during tooth formation; may extend to DEJ, or may be incomplete; high incidence of carries, 84% of dental caries in children 5-17 years of age involve pits and fissures

basic building block of all dental materials

atom

4. A direct restorative material used frequently to restore a posterior tooth that is subject to large biting forces would possess which of the following properties? --esthetics, high strength, ease of casting, thermal insulation

b, c, d?

8. Alloys do NOT have which structural attribute? a. comprised of metallic elements, b. bonded by covalent bonds, c. form a crystalline lattice, d. are generally malleable and ductile

b. bonded by covalent bonds,

10. Which of the following materials are most commonly used for dental implants? resin composite, ceramic, titanium-based alloys, acrylic

b. ceramic c. titanium-based alloys

9. Acrylic resins are used in which of the following types of restorations? --posterior intracoronal restorations, complete denture bases, pontics for fixed partial dentures, ceramic-alloy restorations

b. complete denture bases, c. pontics for fixed partial dentures

3. Polymers are generally formed by atoms that combine via

b. covalent bonds

6. The number of protons and electrons in a native element are equal. t/f

b. false

5. Crystals have a molecular weight. t/f

b. false; unlike molecules, crystals have no molecular weight

4. Which structure does not have a charge? proton, neutron, electron

b. neutron

1. A small lesion in an anterior tooth would most likely be restored with which of the following materials? --amalgam, resin composite, gold-based alloy or ceramic

b. resin composite and d. ceramic?

7. Which of the following materials are most important for prevention of oral disease/trauma? --ceramics, resin-based sealants, fluoride-containing cements, energy-absorbing polymers

b. resin-based sealants, c. fluoride-containing cements, d. energy-absorbing polymers

6. Which of the following sentences describes the construction of removable partial dentures?

b. they are removable and attached to teeth with clasps, c. They have a framework that is composed of a stiff alloy, d. They have acrylic bonded to an alloy framework.

2. Ionic bonds involve a transfer of charge. t/f

b. true

stannous fluoride products effective in providing fluoride

but can cause staining of tooth surfaces and restorations

removable partials are advantageous to patient for cleaning and inspection of remaining teeth

but generally less esthetic and less comfortable than permanently fixed bridges or implants

8. Complete denture bases are usually made from which of the following materials? --resin composites, gold-based alloys, acrylic resins, ceramic

c. acrylic resins

class 5 restoration

cervical area of any tooth

ceramics

collections of metallic elements, like aluminum, and nonmetallic elements like oxygen, held together by ionic bonds in crystalline arrays; may be simple or complex

16. A restoration that replaces all the teeth in the upper or lower arch with artificial teeth that are attached to a plastic base is called a/an __________.

complete denture

ceramics and polymers are considered

composites

12. A restoration that covers the entire coronal portion of the tooth is called a/an __________.

crown? or extracoronal

examples of extracoronal restorations

crowns, onlays, veneers

class 6 restoration

cusp tip of a posterior tooth

9. Ceramics do NOT have which attributes? a. comprised of metals and nonmetals, b. generally are brittle, c. bonded by ionic bonds, d. are generally opaque, e. form large molecules

d. are generally opaque...they are generally translucent or transparent

18. ____________ materials are used to prevent damage to the teeth and oral bone from trauma.

dental or restorative

cross-linked polymer polymerizes in mouth when exposed to curing light

dimethacrylate + dilutent + activator + light = sealant

metals

donate electrons toward formation of metallic bonds; lower atomic number means lighter and less dense, like with aluminum

1. If a material is formed from a specific number and ratio of atoms, it forms what type of structure?

e. molecule; it has a molecular weight

17. A restoration that replaces the root of an extracted tooth and is stabilized by bone growth around it is called a/an __________.

endosseous dental implant

endosseous dental implants

fabricated from titanium-based alloys or ceramics, placed into bone and then indirect restorations are placed on the implants; bone quality must be able to support an implant

preventive resin restoration: if incipient caries are suspected in pits and fissures

fissures are prepared with carbide bur, or by air abrasion; then filled with combination of flowable composite, traditional composites, or sealants

14. A restoration that replaces a missing tooth that is supported by and cemented to two adjacent fully restored teeth is called ________.

fixed partial bridge, or bridge or fixed partial denture

complete denture

for edentulous patients; composed of an acrylic polymer base with acrylic denture teeth bonded into positions that are compatible with patients opposing arch or the denture of the opposing arch

7. What is inflammation of the gingiva called? Gingivitis Periodontitis Periapical disease Hypersensitivity

gingivitis

class 4 restoration

incisal edge, and maybe proximal, of anterior tooth

removable partial denture

indicated when multiple teeth are missing in multiple locations, or in situations in which there is no distal abutment tooth available to anchor a fixed bridge

regardless of source of damage, teeth are repaired using two basic types of restorations

intracoronal and extracoronal; if damage to tooth involves the pulpal or periapical tissues, then endodontic restorative treatments are used in addition to these restorations

retention of a sealant in a fissure is result of

mechanical bonding caused by penetration of the sealant into the fissure and the etched areas of enamel to form tags; difficult because air is often trapped, or accumulation of debris

polymers

most diverse class of restorative dental materials; unit structure is the molecule rather than the crystal

examples of polymers

mouth protectors, bonding agents, cavity liners, cements, epoxy die materials, waxes ortho appliances

class 2 restoration

occlusal and proximal surfaces of a posterior tooth

class 1 restoration

occlusal surface of posterior tooth

11. A posterior restoration that involves the occlusal surfaces, two proximal surfaces, and all cusps is called a/an ______________.

onlay

examples of ceramics

polishing abrasives, cements, gypsum materials, ceramics for crowns, implants and abutments

restorative materials used to

prevent or repair damage to teeth caused by oral disease or trauma

fluoride gels, varnishes, pit and fissure sealants, mouth protectors

preventive dental materials designed to prevent disease or injury to teeth and supporting tissues

class 3 restoration

proximal surface of anterior tooth

15. A restoration in which artificial teeth are mounted on a metal framework containing clasps that attach it to remaining abutment teeth is called a/an ___________.

removable partial bridge, or removable partial denture

crystals

repeating arrays of bonded elements; generally involve fewer types of elements than in a molecule; have no definable mass or molecular weight; --metallic and ionic bonds most common --ceramics and alloys

one component systems

require no mixing: resins polymerized/activated by visible light, 490 nm wavelength; photopolymerization

Maryland bridge

resin-bonded fixed partial denture; sometimes used if the abutment teeth are free of major restorations; --does not require extracoronal crowns on abutment teeth; --arms of pontic are bonded to enamel of abutment teeth; --retention is poorer than for traditional bridges

composite materials

result when classes of materials are mixed together;

physical and mechanical properties of commercial pit and fissure sealants

retention and efficacy important

esthetic materials used in prevention of disease and trauma

sealants, abrasives that remove calculus, stain, plaque at regular intervals mouth protectors or night guards

13. After a root canal procedure, the canal is frequently filled using ________.

sealed with a natural or synthetic polymer, then filled with resin composite

monomer

single organic molecule used to prepare a high molecular weight product

ionic bonds

strongest, common in dental ceramics; donor is positively charged, or oxidized; recipient is negatively charged, or reduced; via lattices for ceramics

purpose of pit and fissure sealants

to penetrate all cracks, pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of both deciduous and permanent teeth in an attempt to seal off these susceptible areas, and to provide protection against caries

APF fluoride products contraindicated for patients with

tooth hypersensitivity; can cause erosion and worsen hypersensitivity

atoms combine via bonding

type of bonding in restorative dental materials determines their physical, chemical and clinical properties

intracoronal restorations

used to repair damage that is restricted to internal parts of tooth; damage nearly always caused by caries, but occasionally by trauma

extracoronal restorations

used to restore teeth with more extensive damage that cannot be managed with intracoronal restorations; preparations much more aggressive than intracoronal preparations; --usually fabricated indirectly, or away from the patient, --usually require a model/impression

covalent bonds

when atoms share electrons; direct esthetic materials; via molecules for polymers

alloy

when different elements bond together in the same metallic array; may be simple or complex

metallic bonds

when electrons are shared among many atoms; via lattices for alloys

molecules

when several elements bond together, usually via a covalent bond; have a molecular weight

18. Dental implants are made from which of the following materials? Titanium-based alloys Ceramics Resin-bonded alloys A and B

Dental implants are fabricated from special titanium-based alloys and (more recently) from ceramics.

9. Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease? Diabetes causes periodontal disease to progress rapidly. A person with diabetes may experience a worse case of periodontal disease than someone without diabetes. A and B are both true statements. Neither A or B are true statements

Diabetes causes periodontal disease to progress rapidly. A person with diabetes may experience a worse case of periodontal disease than someone without diabetes.

14. Which of the following terms best describes the fabrication of dies for tooth restorations? Direct restorations Indirect restorations Intracoronal restorations Extracoronal restorations

Fabrication of dies for tooth restorations are not prepared in the oral cavity and are considered indirect restorations. Direct restorations are prepared directly in the patient's tooth/teeth. Intracoronal restorations refer to restorations used to repair internal tooth damage. Extracoronal restorations refer to restorations that are used to restore teeth with more extensive damage that cannot be managed with intracoronal restorations.

amalgam margins initially very good, but deteriorate over many years

--gold foil and ceramics are longest lasting of restorative materials; --composites and glass ionomers have shorter service lives

composition of resins/polymer

1. dimethacrylate monomer; bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate, or Bis-GMA; or urethane dimethacrylate/UDMA, 2. activator, a diketone 3. organic amine

sealants polymerized by an organic amine accelerator are supplied as two-component systems; chemical reaction; --mixed before being applied to prepared teeth; - autopolymerization, or self-curing

1. one component contains a monomer and a benzol peroxide initiator, 2. second component contains a diluted monomer with 5% organic amine accelerator

4 minute application is more effective than 1 minute application

37-41% reduction in caries rates when gel applied annually

16. Of the following, what is a common name patients use when referring to a fixed partial denture? Crown Bridge Dental implant All of the above

A fixed partial denture is commonly referred to as a bridge. A crown is commonly called a cap. A dental implant is commonly referred to as an implant.

4. Which of the following factors cause dental caries? Sugar Bacterial plaque Soft cementum All of the above

Caries is caused by bacterial plaque. The ingestion of sugar is not by itself an entity that causes caries. Soft cementum, while more susceptible to caries, does not cause caries. The cause of dental caries is plaque bacteria.

12. Of the following, which term describes restorations used to repair tooth damage to the internal part of the tooth? Intracoronal restorations Extracoronal restorations Endodontic restorations Periapical restorations

Intracoronal restorations are used to repair damage to the internal parts of a tooth. Extracoronal refers to a restoration involving the outside tooth surface. Endodontic procedures refer to restoring pulpal damage but are not considered restorations. Periapical restorations are at the apex of the tooth.

17. Of the following terms, which is commonly used as when referring to a resin-bonded fixed partial denture? Crown Abutment bridge Maryland bridge Pontic

Maryland bridge is another name for a resin-bonded fixed partial denture. A crown is commonly referred to as a cap. An abutment bridge is not a commonly used term. A pontic can be referred to as a false tooth.

6. Which of the following statement is true regarding periodontal disease? It rapidly destroys the softer cementum of older individuals. It can be fatal. It is caused by bacterial plaque. A and C

Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque. Dental caries rapidly destroys the softer cementum of older individuals. An infection caused by dental caries can prove fatal.

20. Which of the following statements is/are true? Polishing a restoration helps minimize plaque retention. The only reason to polish margins of restorations is to prevent the recurrence of caries. Sealants, bonded to the tooth enamel via acid-etching, do not help prevent caries. Some combination of the above.

Polishing a restoration helps minimize plaque retention thus preventing future recurrent caries. The prevention of recurrent caries is not the only reason for polishing an amalgam restoration. Sealants, bonded to the tooth enamel via acid-etching, have been proven to prevent caries.

1. Which of the following is/are used to prevent or repair damage to teeth caused by oral disease?

Restorative dental materials are used to prevent or repair damage to teeth caused by oral disease. Titanium-based alloys are used to fabricate dental implants. Pontics are artificial replacement teeth.

19. Which of the following statements is true regarding a Maryland bridge? Retention is less than a fixed partial denture. They are well suited for use with malpositioned abutment teeth. They require extracoronal crowns on abutment teeth. All of the above are true.

Retention of Maryland bridges is less than with traditional bridges. Maryland bridges cannot always be used because of inappropriate occlusion or positions of abutment teeth. Maryland bridges do not require extracoronal crowns on abutment teeth.

13. The first step in the intracoronal restoration process is commonly referred to as the cavity preparation. Examples of intracoronal restorations include crowns, onlays, and veneers. Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false. The first step in the intracoronal restoration process is commonly referred to as the cavity preparation. Examples of extracoronal restorations include crowns, onlays, and veneers.

8. To what does anaerobic refer to? Bacteria that survive in an oxygenated environment A low or no oxygen environment Deep pockets around the teeth The harboring of plaque and other damaging bacteria

Anaerobic refers to a low or no oxygen environment. Aerobic bacteria thrive in an oxygenated environment. Deep pockets around teeth are areas that harbor anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic is a term that refers to the oxygen requirement, not where the bacteria reside or their toxicity.