CH 1- Reading Quiz

Negative Feedback

Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism that maintains stability by counteracting changes in the body. Receptors detect deviations from a set point, which triggers a response from the control center. Effectors then act to reverse the initial change, restoring balance. This process ensures the internal environment remains within a narrow range conducive to normal function.

retro-peritoneal

structures located behind the peritoneum, which is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. These structures are situated between the posterior abdominal wall and the peritoneum. Organs such as the kidneys, pancreas, and parts of the digestive tract are retroperitoneal, meaning they lie outside the peritoneal cavity.

Gross Anatomy

the study of large, visible structures of the body without the aid of magnification. It involves the examination and analysis of organs, tissues, and systems as they exist in their natural state. This field of anatomy focuses on understanding the macroscopic structures and their relationships within the body.

Positive Feedback

In anatomy and physiology, positive feedback is a regulatory mechanism in which the output of a system intensifies and reinforces the initial stimulus, leading to an amplification of the response. Unlike negative feedback, which maintains homeostasis by counteracting deviations from a set point, positive feedback drives a process further away from the original state. Positive feedback loops are often involved in processes where rapid change or amplification is needed, such as blood clotting, childbirth, and the activation of the immune response. Once initiated, the positive feedback loop continues until it reaches a specific endpoint or is interrupted by an external factor.

Control Center

In anatomy and physiology, the term "control center" refers to a structure, often a part of the nervous system, that receives and processes information about a particular variable in the body. The control center then sends out signals to effectors (such as muscles or glands) to produce a response that helps maintain homeostasis or regulate a physiological process. For example, in the regulation of body temperature, the hypothalamus in the brain serves as the control center. It receives input from temperature receptors throughout the body, compares this information to a set point (the desired temperature), and then sends signals to effectors, such as sweat glands or muscles controlling blood vessel dilation, to adjust body temperature accordingly. Control centers play a crucial role in various physiological processes, ensuring that the body maintains internal stability and responds appropriately to changes in the environment or internal conditions.

transverse plane

The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal plane or axial plane, is a plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. It runs horizontally from left to right, perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes.

___________ examines groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to carry out a specific functions. -Gross anatomy -Cytology -Physiology -Histology

The correct answer is "Histology." Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and cells, including their organization and function within the body.

A method of homeostatic regulation with which a variation outside normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation. -positive feedback -negative feedback -control center

The correct answer is "negative feedback." In negative feedback, a variation outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or reverses the change, thereby maintaining homeostasis.

This body plane divides the body into right and left portions. -coronal -transverse -frontal -sagittal

The correct answer is "sagittal" plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions.

frontal plane

The frontal plane, also known as the coronal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. It runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into front and back halves.

sagittal plane

The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. It runs parallel to the body's midline and can be further subdivided into median (or midsagittal) and parasagittal planes depending on whether it passes through the midline or off-center, respectively.

Physiology

The study of body function. The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. It encompasses the study of various processes and mechanisms that occur within organisms to maintain life, such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. Physiologists explore how different organ systems work individually and collectively to carry out specific functions essential for the survival and well-being of an organism.

Histology

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues. The branch of biology that deals with the study of tissues, their structure, composition, and function at a microscopic level. It involves the examination of tissues under a microscope to understand their organization, cellular components, and physiological roles. Histologists study various types of tissues, including epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues, to explore their characteristics and how they contribute to the overall structure and function of organs and organ systems in the body.

Which term describes the location of the pancreas as lying between the serous membrane and the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity? -hypoperitoneal -subperitoneal -subvisceral -retro-peritoneal

The term that describes the location of the pancreas as lying between the serous membrane and the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity is "retro-peritoneal."

Cornal plane

also known as the frontal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. It is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse planes.

Subperitoneal

structures located beneath or deep to the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity. often found between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall or associated with organs in the abdominal cavity. They are not considered to be within the peritoneal cavity itself but rather situated adjacent to it." refers to structures located beneath or deep to the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity. Subperitoneal structures are often found between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall or associated with organs in the abdominal cavity. They are not considered to be within the peritoneal cavity itself but rather situated adjacent to it.

Cytology

study of structure and function of cells the branch of biology that deals with the study of cells, their structure, function, and interactions. It involves examining cells under a microscope to understand their morphology, organelles, and physiological processes. Cytologists explore how cells are organized, how they communicate with each other, and how they contribute to the overall functioning of tissues, organs, and organisms. This field is crucial for understanding cellular biology, development, health, and disease.